1931 (MCMXXXI) is a common year starting on Thursday. 1931 - Events. January 4 - Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa January 6 - Thomas Edison submits his last patent application. January 22 - Sir Isaac Isaacs sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia January 25 - Mohandas Gandhi released again January 27 - Pierre Laval forms a government in France February 3 - Napier earthquake - mu ...

Including:

1931 - Events
1931 - April-August 1931 - September-December 1931 - Undated
1931 - Births
1931 - January 1931 - February-April 1931 - May-August 1931 - September-December 1931 - Month/day unknown
1931 - Deaths 1931 - Undated 1931 - Nobel Prizes

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1931, 1931 - Events, 1931 - January-March, 1931 - April-August, 1931 - September-December, 1931 - Undated, 1931 - Births, 1931 - January, 1931 - February-April, 1931 - May-August, 1931 - September-December, 1931 - Month/day unknown, 1931 - Deaths, 1931 - Undated, 1931 - Nobel Prizes

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1931 - January. January 5 - Alvin Ailey, American choreographer (d. 1989) January 5 - Alfred Brendel, Austrian pianist January 5 - Robert Duvall, American actor and director January 6 - E. L. Doctorow, American author January 8 - Bill Graham, German concert promoter (d. 1991) January 10 - Peter Barnes, English playwright and screenwriter (d. 2004) January 13 - Charles Nelson Reilly, American actor January 14 - Caterina Valente, French singer and ...

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1931, 1931 - Events, 1931 - January-March, 1931 - April-August, 1931 - September-December, 1931 - Undated, 1931 - Births, 1931 - January, 1931 - February-April, 1931 - May-August, 1931 - September-December, 1931 - Month/day unknown, 1931 - Deaths, 1931 - Undated, 1931 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1931: Encyclopedia II - 1931 - Births

The 1931 Huang He floods (Yellow River Floods) are generally thought to be the deadliest natural disaster of historic times, and almost certainly of the twentieth century (when pandemics are discounted). Estimates of the number of people killed range from 850,000 to 4,000,000. Deaths caused by the flooding include but are not limited to drowning, disease, ensuing famines, and droughts. The Huang He or Yellow River has been prone to flooding due to the broad expanse of almost flat land around it. The 1887 Huang He floods had devastated the area, killing 900,000-2,000,000. ...

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In the study of the perception of color, one of the first mathematically defined color spaces was the CIE XYZ color space (also known as CIE 1931 color space), created by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931. The human eye has receptors for short (S), middle (M), and long (L) wavelengths, also known as blue, green, and red receptors. That means that one, in principle, needs three parameters to describe a color sensation. A specific method for associating three numbers (or tristimulus values) with each colo ...

Including:

CIE 1931 color space - The CIE xy chromaticity diagram CIE 1931 color space - Definition of the CIE XYZ color space
CIE 1931 color space - Experimental results - The CIE RGB color space CIE 1931 color space - Grassmann's Law CIE 1931 color space - Construction of the CIE XYZ color space from the Wright-Guild data
CIE 1931 color space - Problems and solutions

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Father Divine (c. 1880 – September 10, 1965), was an African-American spiritual leader from about 1907 until his death. His full self-given name was Reverend General Jealous Divine, and he was also known as "the Messenger" and George Baker early in his life. He founded the International Peace Mission movement, formulated its doctrine, and oversaw its growth from a small and predominantly black congr ...

Including:

Father Divine - Early life and original name Father Divine - Preaching as God: 1912-1965
Father Divine - In the South: 1912-1914 Father Divine - Brooklyn and marriage to Peninniah: 1914-1919 Father Divine - Sayville New York: 1919-1931 Father Divine - Sayville arrests trial notoriety and prison: 1931-1932 Father Divine - Harlem: 1932-1942 Father Divine - Pennsylvania: 1942-death
Father Divine - Physical characteristics and preaching style Father Divine - Civil rights legacy Father Divine - Religious legacy

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Boxing in the 1930s was affected by one of the biggest economic struggles in the history of the United States: The depression era. Because of the suffering American economy, many boxers were offered lower purses, and they would not fight for low amounts of money. When the decade began, the world Heavyweight title had been vacant for three years. There was a world Middleweight champion, Mickey Walker, but he was more interested in pursuing fights with the best Heavyweight contenders, instead of fa ...

Including:

Boxing in the 1930s - List of Fights Boxing in the 1930s - 1930 Boxing in the 1930s - 1931 Boxing in the 1930s - 1932 Boxing in the 1930s - 1933 Boxing in the 1930s - 1934 Boxing in the 1930s - 1935 Boxing in the 1930s - 1936 Boxing in the 1930s - 1937 Boxing in the 1930s - 1938 Boxing in the 1930s - 1939

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The Schutzstaffel ▶ (help·info) ("defense squadron"), or SS, was a large paramilitary organization that was a principal component of the Nazi party. The SS was led by Heinrich Himmler from 1929 until it was disbanded in 1945 with the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II. The Nazis regarded the SS as an elite unit, the Party's "praetorian guard", with all SS personnel selected on racial and ideological grounds. The SS was distinguished from the ...

Including:

Schutzstaffel - History
Schutzstaffel - Origins Schutzstaffel - Development Schutzstaffel - Fall of the SS Schutzstaffel - Postwar activity
Schutzstaffel - SS leaders Schutzstaffel - The SS before World War II
Schutzstaffel - 1925–1928 Schutzstaffel - 1929–1931 Schutzstaffel - 1931–1933 Schutzstaffel - 1933–1934 Schutzstaffel - 1934–1936 Schutzstaffel - 1936–1939
Schutzstaffel - Austrian SS Schutzstaffel - The SS during World War II
Schutzstaffel - SS and Police Leaders Schutzstaffel - Headquarters offices Schutzstaffel - General SS Schutzstaffel - Waffen-SS Schutzstaffel - Concentration camp service Schutzstaffel - Special action groups Schutzstaffel - Order Police Schutzstaffel - SS Medical Corps Schutzstaffel - SS and police courts Schutzstaffel - Helferin Corps
Schutzstaffel - Future visions

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January January 6 - Gen Italo Balbo leads the first formation flight across the South Atlantic. Twelve Savoia-Marchetti S.55s fly from Portuguese Guinea to Brazil. February February 26 - Imperial Airways begins scheduled services between England and Africa using Armstrong Whitworth Argosys March March 26 - Swissair is formed by the merger of Ad Astra Aero and Balair. March 27 - the crash of a TWA Fokker F.10 at Bazaar, Kansas ...

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1931 in aviation, 1931 in aviation - Events, 1931 in aviation - First flights, 1931 in aviation - Entered service

Read more here: » 1931 in aviation: Encyclopedia II - 1931 in aviation - Events

March March 3 - Fairey Gordon March 25 - Hawker Fury October October 26 - De Havilland Tiger Moth DH.82 prototype G-ABRC October 31 - Westland Wallace November November 27 - Fairey Seal December December 29 - Hawker Audax ...

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1931 in aviation, 1931 in aviation - Events, 1931 in aviation - First flights, 1931 in aviation - Entered service

Read more here: » 1931 in aviation: Encyclopedia II - 1931 in aviation - First flights

1931 in rail transport - Unknown date births. Nelson W. Bowers, president of the National Railway Historical Society (1983-1987) (d. 2004). ...

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1931 in rail transport, 1931 in rail transport - Events, 1931 in rail transport - January events, 1931 in rail transport - May events, 1931 in rail transport - June events, 1931 in rail transport - September events, 1931 in rail transport - November events, 1931 in rail transport - Unknown date events, 1931 in rail transport - Births, 1931 in rail transport - Unknown date births, 1931 in rail transport - Deaths

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The Statute applied to the dominions which existed in 1931: the Commonwealth of Australia, the Dominion of Canada, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland, the Dominion of New Zealand, and the Union of South Africa. It excluded revisions of the Acts of Parliament upon which the constitutions of Canada and Australia were founded (New Zealand has never had a constitution). Further, it did not apply to Australia, New Zealand or Newfoundland unless and until ratified by their respective Parliaments. Australia ratified the Statute in 1942 to cl ...

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Statute of Westminster 1931, Statute of Westminster 1931 - Parties, Statute of Westminster 1931 - Equality provisions, Statute of Westminster 1931 - Implications for succession to the throne

Read more here: » Statute of Westminster 1931: Encyclopedia II - Statute of Westminster 1931 - Parties

1931 in rail transport - January events. January 11 - The Boston & Maine runs its first “Snow Train” for skiers and other winter vacationers. 1931 in rail transport - May events. May 24 - The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad inaugurates the first air conditioned passenger train, the Columbian, between Jersey City, New Jersey, and Washington, DC. 1931 in rail transport - June events. June 13 - Switzerland's Brienz Rothorn Bahn reopens af ...

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1931 in rail transport, 1931 in rail transport - Events, 1931 in rail transport - January events, 1931 in rail transport - May events, 1931 in rail transport - June events, 1931 in rail transport - September events, 1931 in rail transport - November events, 1931 in rail transport - Unknown date events, 1931 in rail transport - Births, 1931 in rail transport - Unknown date births, 1931 in rail transport - Deaths

Read more here: » 1931 in rail transport: Encyclopedia II - 1931 in rail transport - Events

Dracula was directed by Tod Browning, with a screenplay based on the stage play by John L. Balderston. The title role was played by Bela Lugosi. Also starring in the film were David Manners as Jonathan Harker, Helen Chandler as Mina Seward and Dwight Frye as Renfield. The onset on the Great Depression caused a drastic reduction in the budget for the film, and several grand scenes that closely followed the Stoker storyline, had to be abandoned. It was considered less expensive to stage the film using Balderston's stage play as i ...

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Dracula 1931 film, Dracula 1931 film - Description, Dracula 1931 film - Sequels, Dracula 1931 film - 1998 score by Philip Glass, Dracula 1931 film - The Spanish Language Version, Dracula 1931 film - Trivia

Read more here: » Dracula 1931 film: Encyclopedia II - Dracula 1931 film - Description

The Statute gave effect to certain political resolutions passed by the Imperial Conferences of 1926 and 1930, in particular the Balfour Declaration of 1926. One of the effects was removing the last imperial bond of power of British Parliament over dominions. The Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865 was repealed in its applications to the dominions. After the Statute was passed, the British government could no longer make ordinary law for the dominion ...

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Statute of Westminster 1931, Statute of Westminster 1931 - Parties, Statute of Westminster 1931 - Equality provisions, Statute of Westminster 1931 - Implications for succession to the throne

Read more here: » Statute of Westminster 1931: Encyclopedia II - Statute of Westminster 1931 - Equality provisions

The film is based in part on the stories of Jack the Ripper and the Vampire of Düsseldorf, Peter Kürten. M features a "League of Beggars", a troupe that also shows up in the roughly contemporaneous Bertolt Brecht/Kurt Weil collaboration The Threepenny Opera and its source The Begger's Opera. Lorre's character whistles the tune "In the Hall of the Mountain King" from Edvard Grieg's Peer Gynt Suite No. 1. However, Peter Lorre himself could ...

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M 1931 film, M 1931 film - Synopsis, M 1931 film - Links with other works, M 1931 film - Legacy

Read more here: » M 1931 film: Encyclopedia II - M 1931 film - Links with other works

The film is based in part on the stories of Jack the Ripper and the Vampire of Düsseldorf. M features a "League of Beggars", a troupe that also shows up in the roughly contemporaneous Bertolt Brecht/Kurt Weil collaboration The Threepenny Opera and its source The Begger's Opera. Lorre's character whistles the tune "In the Hall of the Mountain King" from Edvard Grieg's Peer Gynt Suite No. 1. However, Peter Lorre himself could not whistle - it is actually Fritz Lang's wife who is heard. The police inspector Karl "Fatty" Lohmann proved so popular with audiences he was brought back in ...

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M 1931 film, M 1931 film - Synopsis, M 1931 film - Links with other works, M 1931 film - Legacy

Read more here: » M 1931 film: Encyclopedia II - M 1931 film - Links with other works

In the opening credits, Karloff is unbilled, a question mark being used in place of his name. He is, however, listed in the closing credits, which otherwise duplicate the credits from the opening under the principle that "A Good Cast Is Worth Repeating". As was the custom at the time, only the main cast and crew were listed in the credits. Additionally, however, a number of other actors who worked on the project were or became familiar to fans of the Universal horror films. These included Frederick Kerr as the old Baron Frankentein, H ...

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Frankenstein 1931 film, Frankenstein 1931 film - Differences between the film and its source, Frankenstein 1931 film - Sequels and parodies, Frankenstein 1931 film - Additional credits and trivia, Frankenstein 1931 film - Selected for preservation

Read more here: » Frankenstein 1931 film: Encyclopedia II - Frankenstein 1931 film - Additional credits and trivia

Due to the short lived limitations of adding a musical score to a films soundtrack, during 1930 and 1931, no score had ever been composed specifically for the film. In 1998 minimalist composer Philip Glass was commissioned to compose an original score for the classic film. The score was performed by the Kronos Quartet under direction of Michael Riesman. Of the project, Glass said: "The film is considered a classic. I felt the score needed to evoke the feeling of the world of the 19th century — for that reason I decid ...

See also:

Dracula 1931 film, Dracula 1931 film - Description, Dracula 1931 film - Sequels, Dracula 1931 film - 1998 score by Philip Glass, Dracula 1931 film - The Spanish Language Version, Dracula 1931 film - Trivia

Read more here: » Dracula 1931 film: Encyclopedia II - Dracula 1931 film - 1998 score by Philip Glass

A Spanish language version of Drácula was made by director George Melford who simultaneously filmed the movie using the same sets at night. Melford used a different crew and cast that featured Carlos Villarías, who played the title role, and Eduardo Arozamena who portrayed Van Helsing. Carl Laemmle Jr. was the producer of both versions. In recent years this version has become more highly praised by some than the English language version. The Spanish crew had the advantage of watching the Dailies from the English crew's ...

See also:

Dracula 1931 film, Dracula 1931 film - Description, Dracula 1931 film - Sequels, Dracula 1931 film - 1998 score by Philip Glass, Dracula 1931 film - The Spanish Language Version, Dracula 1931 film - Trivia

Read more here: » Dracula 1931 film: Encyclopedia II - Dracula 1931 film - The Spanish Language Version