1911 Encyclopedia Britannica

Badghis is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. It is located on the northwest of Afghanistan, between the Murghab and Hari Rud rivers, extending as far northward as the edge of the desert of Sarakhs. Its name is from Persian بادخیز Bâdkhiz meaning "where the winds arise" or "home of the winds". based on the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. ...

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Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy, is probably the oldest form of medical treatment. It involves the use of water for soothing pains and treating diseases. Its use has been recorded as early as ancient Egyptian, Greek and Roman civilizations. Egyptian royalty bathed with essential oils and flowers, while Romans had communal public baths for their citizens. It has been long accepted that hot water springs can improve health by increasing circulation. Hippocrates prescribed bathing in spring water for sickness. A Do ...

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Buduan, is a city in the north-central Uttar Pradesh state of northern India. The 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica wrote of Buduan: A town and district of British India, in the Rohilkhand division of the United Provinces. The town is near the left bank of the river Sot. Pop. (1901) 39,031. There are ruins of an immense fort and a very handsome mosque of imposing size, crowned with a dome, and built in 1223 in great part from the materials of an ancient Hindu temple. The American Methodist mission maintains sever ...

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Abraham Ortelius (Abraham Orthellius, Abraham Ortels, Abraham Wortels) (April 14, 1527 - 1598) was a cartographer and geographer, credited as the creator of the modern atlas. He was born in Antwerp in modern Belgium. A member of the influential Ortelius family of Augsburg, he traveled extensively in Europe. He is specifically known to have traveled throughout the Seventeen Provinces; south and west Germany (e.g., 1560, 1575-1576); France (1559-1560); England and Ireland (1571), and Italy (15 ...

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Paean, in Homer, was the Greek physician of the gods. In other writers the word is a mere epithet of Apollo in his capacity as a god of healing, but it is not known whether Paean was originally a separate Deity or merely an aspect of Apollo. Homer leaves the question unanswered. Hesiod definitely separates the two, and in later poetry Paean is invoked independently as a health god. It is equally difficult to discover the relation between Paean or Paeon in the sense of "healer" and Paean in the sense of "song." Farnell refers to ...

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Musk is the name originally given to a perfume obtained from the strong-smelling substance, secreted by the testicles of the musk deer, and hence applied to other animals, and also to plants, possessing a similar odor. The organic compound that is the primary contributor to the odor of musk is muscone. The variety which appears in commerce is a secretion of the musk deer; but the odor is also emitted by the musk ox and muskrat of India and Europe, by the Musk Duck (Biziura lobata) of southern Australia, the musk shrew, the musk beetle (Calichroma moschata), the alligator of Cen ...

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The record of the earliest days of Thebes was preserved among the Greeks in an abundant mass of legends which rival the myths of Troy in their wide ramification and the influence which they exerted upon the literature of the classical age. Five main cycles of story may be distinguished: The foundation of the citadel Cadmea by Cadmus, and the growth of the Sparti or "Sown Men" (probably an aetiological myth designed to explain the origin of the Theban nobility which bore that name in historical times); The building of a ...

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Thebes Greece, Thebes Greece - History, Thebes Greece - Bibliography, Thebes Greece - Notes

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There was perhaps a Romano-British village near the suburb of Holway, and Taunton was a place of considerable importance in Saxon times. King Ine of Wessex threw up an earthen castle here about 700, and a monastery was founded before 904. The bishops of Winchester owned the manor, and obtained the first charter for their "men of Taunton" from King Edward in 904, freeing them from all royal and county tribute. At some time before the Domesday Survey Taunton had become a borough with very considerable privileges, governed by a portreeve appoin ...

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Taunton, Taunton - History, Taunton - Pop culture references

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The cathedral, which the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica described as "not ranking among those of the first class," is nevertheless celebrated for its fine proportions, and is of great interest from the various styles of architecture which it includes. Its entire length from east to west is 266 feet, the length of the transepts 130 feet, and the width of the nave and aisles 87 feet. Besides a large square central tower, there are two western towers. The Minster was founded on the ruins of St Wilfrid's abbey about 680, but of this Saxon building nothing now remains except the c ...

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Ripon, Ripon - Minster, Ripon - The Monastery, Ripon - Education, Ripon - Secondary schools

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Charters originated as charters of incorporation, allowing a town to become an incorporated borough, or to hold markets. Some of these charters recognised officially that the town involved was a city. Apart from recognition, it became accepted that such a charter could make a town into a city. The earliest examples of these are Hereford and Worcester, both of which date their city status to 1189. Until the 16th century, a town was invariably recognised as a city by the Crown if it had a diocesan cathedral within its limits. This has l ...

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City status in the United Kingdom, City status in the United Kingdom - City status, City status in the United Kingdom - List of cities, City status in the United Kingdom - Cities now in the Republic of Ireland, City status in the United Kingdom - City councils, City status in the United Kingdom - City applications, City status in the United Kingdom - Cathedral towns, City status in the United Kingdom - Large towns

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Christian Wolff was born in Breslau, Silesia. Coming from a modest background, he studied first mathematics and physics at the University of Jena, to which he soon added philosophy. In 1703 he qualified as Privatdozent in the University of Leipzig, where he lectured till 1706, when he was called as professor of mathematics and natural philosophy to Halle. Before this time. he had made the acquaintance of Leibniz, of whose philosophy his own system is a modification. In Halle Wolff limited himself at first to mathematics, but on the departure of a colleague he added physics, and presen ...

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Christian Wolff philosopher, Christian Wolff philosopher - Importance, Christian Wolff philosopher - Life, Christian Wolff philosopher - Philosophy, Christian Wolff philosopher - Works by Wolff, Christian Wolff philosopher - Recent key works on Wolff

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Pasquier's historical work is seen as an important predecessor to modern historiography, although he is indebted to the methods of other important Italian historians. He makes frequent use of primary sources (or contemporary chroniclers) and cites them as he goes along. Contrary to many other historical works of the time, Pasquier was seeking to create an accurate reconstruction of past for the presen ...

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Étienne Pasquier, Étienne Pasquier - Recherches de la France, Étienne Pasquier - Bibliography

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The Gothic Cathedral at Burgos, begun in 1221, displays features of the 13th to 15th centuries. The west front is flanked by towers terminating in octagonal spires covered with open stonework traceries. The façade, in three stories, has triple entrances in ogival arched framing, with a gallery enclosed by a pinnacled balustrade and a delicately-pierced rose window. In the uppermost story there are two ogival double-arched windows and statues on pedestals, crowned with a balustrade of letters carved in stone: PULCHRA ES ET DECORASee also:

Burgos, Burgos - Burgos cathedral, Burgos - Monasterio de las Huelgas, Burgos - Monasterio de Miraflores, Burgos - External link

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See Opere di Antonio Raffaello Mengs (Parma, 1780); Mengs Werke, übersetzt v. G. F. Prange (1786); Zeitschrift für bildende Kunst (1880); Bianconi, Elogio storico di Mengs (Milan, 1780); Woermann, Ismael und Raphael Mengs (Leipzig, 1893). [This entry is based on an article from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.] ...

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Anton Raphael Mengs, Anton Raphael Mengs - Works selection, Anton Raphael Mengs - Literature, Anton Raphael Mengs - External link

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Stanley was born at Alderley in Cheshire, where his father, later Bishop of Norwich, was then rector. He was educated at Rugby School under Thomas Arnold, and in 1834 went up to Balliol College, Oxford. After winning the Ireland scholarship and Newdigate prize for an English poem (The Gypsies), he was in 1839 elected a Fellow of University College, and in the same year took holy orders. In 1840 he travelled in Greece and Italy, and on his return settled at Oxford, where for ten years he was tutor of his college and an influenti ...

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Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley - Life and times, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley - Legacy

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His works are: Annals of the College from 1555 to 1572 translation of several of Galen's works, printed at different times abroad. Hippocrates de Medicamentis, first discovered and published by Dr Caius; also De Ratsone Vicius (Lov. 1556, 8vo) De Mendeti Methodo (Basel, 1554; London, 1556, Svo) Account of the Sweating Sickness in England (London, 1556, 1721), (it is entitled De Ephemera Britannica) History of the University of Cambridge ...

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John Caius, John Caius - Works by Caius, John Caius - External link

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Kléber was born in Strasbourg, where his father worked as a builder. He received, partly at Paris, training in architecture, but his opportune assistance to two German nobles in a tavern brawl obtained for him nomination to the military school of Munich. Thence he obtained a commission in the Austrian army, but resigned it in 1783 on finding his humble birth in the way of his promotion. On returning to France he received the appointment of inspector of public buildings at Belfort, where be studied fortification and military science ...

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Jean Baptiste Kléber, Jean Baptiste Kléber - Biography, Jean Baptiste Kléber - Burial, Jean Baptiste Kléber - Assessment

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In 1897, on the translation of Dr Frederick Temple to Canterbury, Creighton was appointed Bishop of London. During Dr Temple's episcopate, ritual irregularities of all kinds had grown up, which left a very difficult task to his successor, and Creighton had to bear the brunt of public disapproval. His efforts towards conciliation laid him open to much misunderstanding. His administration nonetheless did much to preserve peace. He tried hard to persuade his clergy to accept his ruling on the questions of the reservation of the Sacrament and of ...

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Mandell Creighton, Mandell Creighton - Early Life Education and Marriage, Mandell Creighton - Vicar of Embleton, Mandell Creighton - Cambridge, Mandell Creighton - Bishop of London, Mandell Creighton - Works, Mandell Creighton - Sources

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In 1773 he made his first appearance as an author with a Philosophical Essay on Man. The book shows a wonderful knowledge of English, French, German, Italian and Spanish philosophers, and directly attacks Helvetius, who had in his De l'esprit declared a knowledge of science unnecessary for a philosopher. Marat declares that physiology alone can solve the problems of the connection between soul and body, and prop ...

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Jean-Paul Marat, Jean-Paul Marat - Life, Jean-Paul Marat - Childhood and education, Jean-Paul Marat - Scientist and physician, Jean-Paul Marat - Marat enters politics, Jean-Paul Marat - The People's Friend, Jean-Paul Marat - The National Convention, Jean-Paul Marat - Views of Marat, Jean-Paul Marat - Artistic and theatrical representations, Jean-Paul Marat - Marat's works

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The Metropolitan Police District was defined in the Metropolitan Police Act 1829 as an approximately circular area within a seven-mile (11-km) radius of Charing Cross, which was divided into four districts and 17 police divisions. There have been numerous changes to the boundaries of the MPD, and of the divisions therein. In 1839 the area of the MPD was increased to a radius of approximately 15 miles (24 km) from Charing Cross which encompassed the metropolitan area and some parts of Essex, Kent, Hertfordshire and Surrey. The 1911 Enc ...

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Metropolitan Police District, Metropolitan Police District - History, Metropolitan Police District - Exceptions

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Kléber was born in Strasbourg, where his father worked as a builder. He received, partly at Paris, training in architecture, but his opportune assistance to two German nobles in a tavern brawl obtained for him nomination to the military school of Munich. Thence he obtained a commission in the Austrian army, but resigned it in 1783 on finding his humble birth in the way of his promotion. On returning to France he received the appointment of inspector of public buildings at Belfort, where be studied fortification and military science. ...

See also:

Jean Baptiste Kléber, Jean Baptiste Kléber - Biography, Jean Baptiste Kléber - Burial, Jean Baptiste Kléber - Assessment

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