18th century - 1720s

As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800 in the Gregorian calendar. European history scholars will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution. 18th century - Events. 18th century - 1700s. 1701-1714: War of the Spanish Succession 1703: Saint Petersb ...

Including:

• 18th century - Events
• 18th century - 1700s
• 18th century - 1710s
• 18th century - 1720s
• 18th century - 1730s
• 18th century - 1740s
• 18th century - 1750s
• 18th century - 1760s
• 18th century - 1770s
• 18th century - 1780s
• 18th century - 1790s
• 18th century - Significant people
• 18th century - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 18th century - Decades and years

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William Kent (born in Bridlington, Yorkshire, c. 1685 - April 12, 1748) was an English architect, landscape architect and furniture designer of the early 18th century. William Kent - Education. Kent's career began as a sign and coach painter who was encouraged to study art, design and architecture by his employer. A group of Yorkshire gentlemen sent Kent for a period of study in Rome, where he met Thomas Coke, later 1st Earl of Leicester, with whom he toured Northern Italy in the summer of 1714 (a tour that ...

Including:

• William Kent - Education
• William Kent - Architectural works
• William Kent - Landscape architect
• William Kent - Furniture designer
• William Kent - Walpole tribute
• William Kent - Bibliography

Read more here: » William Kent: Encyclopedia - William Kent

Vanbrugh planned Blenheim in perspective, that is to be best viewed from a distance. As the site covers some seven acres (28,000 m²) this is also a necessity. Close to, and square on, the facades can appear daunting, or weighed down by too much stone and ornamentation. The plan of Blenheim Palace is basically that of a large central rectangular block (see plan), containing behind the southern facade the principal state apartments. On the east side are the suites of private apartments of the Duke and Duchess, on the west along ...

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Blenheim Palace, Blenheim Palace - The Churchills, Blenheim Palace - The site, Blenheim Palace - Architect, Blenheim Palace - Funding the construction, Blenheim Palace - Design and architecture, Blenheim Palace - Interior, Blenheim Palace - The Park and gardens, Blenheim Palace - Failing fortunes, Blenheim Palace - The 9th Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim Palace - Blenheim today, Blenheim Palace - Blenheim on film, Blenheim Palace - Footnotes

Read more here: » Blenheim Palace: Encyclopedia II - Blenheim Palace - Design and architecture

Mannheim is first mentioned in a document from 766, the "Codex Laureshamensis" from the Lorsch Cloister. It is listed as "Mannenheim" (Home of Manno). It remained a village until Frederick IV, Elector Palatine initiated building the fortress Friedrichsburg and the adjacent grid-like city core. The city was destroyed subsequently in the Thirty Years' War in 1622 by Tilly's troops, and in the Nine Years War for the Palatina ...

See also:

Mannheim, Mannheim - History, Mannheim - Industry, Mannheim - Transportation, Mannheim - Constructions

Read more here: » Mannheim: Encyclopedia II - Mannheim - History

The piano is a crucial instrument in Western classical music, jazz, film, television and electronic game music, and most other complex western musical genres. A large number of composers being proficient pianists, the piano is often used as a tool for composition. Pianos were, and are, extremely popular instruments for private household ownership, especially among the middle- and upper-classes. Hence pianos have gained a place in the popular consciousness, and are sometimes referred to by nicknames, including: "the ivories", "the joanna", "the eighty-eight", and "the black(s) and white(s)." Playing the piano is somet ...

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Piano, Piano - Early history, Piano - Development of the modern piano, Piano - History and musical performance, Piano - The modern piano, Piano - Types, Piano - Keyboard, Piano - Pedals, Piano - Materials, Piano - Care and maintenance, Piano - Role of the piano, Piano - Related lists, Piano - Other types of pianos, Piano - Related instruments

Read more here: » Piano: Encyclopedia II - Piano - Role of the piano

The Shakers considered music to be an essential component of the religious experience, and created some of the most tuneful, idiosyncratic, and utterly singable music in American history. In Shaker society, a spiritual "gift" could also be a musical revelation, and they considered it to be important to record these musical inspirations as they occurred. Scribes, many of whom had no formal musical training, used a form of music notation for this purpose: it used letters of the alphabet, often not positioned on a staff, along with a simple notation of conventional rhythmic values. This method has a curious, and coincidental, similari ...

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Shakers, Shakers - Origin of the name, Shakers - Wardley predecessors, Shakers - Ann Lee, Shakers - First Shaker society, Shakers - Communalism under Joseph Meacham, Shakers - Expansion and Contraction, Shakers - Communal spiritual family, Shakers - Revelations and visions, Shakers - Culture of work, Shakers - Culture and artifacts, Shakers - Shaker music, Shakers - Modern-day Shakers, Shakers - Shaker Trust, Shakers - Reference

Read more here: » Shakers: Encyclopedia II - Shakers - Shaker music

A variety of tribes are mentioned in Roman sources, like the Veneti, Armoricani, Osismii, Namnetes and Coriosolites. Strabo and Poseidonius describe the Armoricani as belonging to the Belgae. Armorican gold coins have been widely exported and are even found in the Rhineland. Salterns are widespread in Northern Armorica, for example at Trégor, Ebihens and Enez Vihan near Pleumeur-Bodou (Côtes-d'Armor) and the island of Yoc'h ...

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History of Brittany, History of Brittany - Palaeolithic, History of Brittany - Mesolithic, History of Brittany - Neolithic, History of Brittany - Bronze age, History of Brittany - Iron Age, History of Brittany - Roman rule, History of Brittany - Early Middle Ages, History of Brittany - Middle Ages, History of Brittany - Early modern Brittany, History of Brittany - Modern Times, History of Brittany - Notes, History of Brittany - Sources

Read more here: » History of Brittany: Encyclopedia II - History of Brittany - Iron Age

In the early 19th century, journalist simply meant someone who wrote for journals, such as Charles Dickens in his early career. In the past century it has come to mean a writer for newspapers and magazines as well. Many people consider journalist interchangeable with reporter, a person who gathers information and creates a written report, or story. However, this overlooks many other types of journalists, including columnists, leader writers, photographers, editorial designers, and sub-editors (British) or copy edi ...

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Journalist, Journalist - Origin and scope of the term, Journalist - 18th-century journalists, Journalist - 19th-century journalists, Journalist - 20th-century print journalists, Journalist - 20th-century broadcast journalists, Journalist - Internet-only journalists, Journalist - Journalists writing fiction, Journalist - Modern journalists

Read more here: » Journalist: Encyclopedia II - Journalist - Origin and scope of the term

Like the rest of Yiddish-language culture, Yiddish theatre was devastated by the Holocaust. A major portion of the world's Yiddish-speakers were killed and many theatres were destroyed. Many of the surviving Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazi emigrated to Israel, where many assimilated into the emerging Hebrew-language culture. Although its glory days have passed, Yiddish theatre companies still perform in various Jewish communities. The Folksbiene (People's Theatre) company in New York City is still active 90 years after it was founded. The ...

See also:

Yiddish theatre, Yiddish theatre - Precursors and early influences, Yiddish theatre - The first rumblings, Yiddish theatre - The early years, Yiddish theatre - The Russian era, Yiddish theatre - London, Yiddish theatre - The heyday of Yiddish theater, Yiddish theatre - The effect of the Holocaust

Read more here: » Yiddish theatre: Encyclopedia II - Yiddish theatre - The effect of the Holocaust

Violin - Making. The traditional approach starts with a set of plans, which include a drawing of the outer shape of the instrument. The outer contour is designed by the violin maker, and today the outlines of the old masters' violins are usually used. From these plans a template is constructed, which can be made from thin metal or other materials, and is a flat "half-violin" shape. The template is used to construct a mould, which is a thick violin-shaped piece of wood with notch ...

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Violin, Violin - Violin construction and mechanics, Violin - Construction, Violin - Strings, Violin - Acoustics, Violin - Sizes, Violin - Playing the violin, Violin - Left Hand & Producing Pitch, Violin - Positions, Violin - Right Hand & Tone Colour, Violin - Tuning, Violin - Making and maintenance, Violin - Making, Violin - Maintenance, Violin - History, Violin - Musical styles, Violin - Jazz, Violin - Classical music, Violin - Popular music, Violin - Folk music and fiddling

Read more here: » Violin: Encyclopedia II - Violin - Making and maintenance

The available source materials on Cristofori's life include his birth and death records, two wills, the bills he submitted to his employers, and a single interview done by Scipione Maffei. From the latter, we have both Maffei's notes and the published journal article. Cristofori was born in Padua in the Republic of Venice. Nothing is known of his early life. A tale is told that he served as an apprentice to the great violin maker Nicolò Amati, based on the appearance in a 1680 census record of a "Christofaro Bartolomei" living in Ama ...

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Bartolomeo Cristofori, Bartolomeo Cristofori - Life, Bartolomeo Cristofori - The first appearance of the piano, Bartolomeo Cristofori - Later life, Bartolomeo Cristofori - Cristofori's pianos, Bartolomeo Cristofori - Design, Bartolomeo Cristofori - Tonal quality, Bartolomeo Cristofori - The initial reception of the piano, Bartolomeo Cristofori - Surviving instruments, Bartolomeo Cristofori - Assessments of Cristofori

Read more here: » Bartolomeo Cristofori: Encyclopedia II - Bartolomeo Cristofori - Life

The area of modern Paris has been inhabited since at least the fourth millennium BC, although little is known about these early inhabitants. The first known permanent settlement on the site was founded about 250 BC by a Celtic tribe called the Parisii, who established a fishing village on the Seine island that was later to become the Ile de la Cité. This was known as Lutetia, a name first recorded by Julius Caesar in his Gallic Wars. Lutetia was a prosperous place and occupied a very strategic position on the river, controllin ...

See also:

History of Paris, History of Paris - Ancient Paris, History of Paris - Early Medieval Paris, History of Paris - Paris and Medieval France, History of Paris - The Capetians, History of Paris - The Valois, History of Paris - Early modern Paris, History of Paris - The Bourbons, History of Paris - The French Revolution, History of Paris - Paris in the 19th century, History of Paris - 19th century revolutions, History of Paris - The Siege of Paris and the Commune, History of Paris - The Belle Epoque, History of Paris - Paris at War, History of Paris - Modern Paris

Read more here: » History of Paris: Encyclopedia II - History of Paris - Ancient Paris

A small number of Kabbalists have attempted to foretell events by the Kabbalah. The term has come to be used to refer to secret science in general; mystic art; or mystery. Following that, the English word "cabal" came to refer to any small, secretive and possibly conspiratorial group. ...

See also:

Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim, Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal, Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism, Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s, Kabbalah - The modern world, Kabbalah - Primary texts, Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil, Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God, Kabbalah - Sefirot, Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view, Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Foretelling the future, Kabbalah - Practical applications, Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism, Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Criticisms, Kabbalah - Dualism, Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism, Kabbalah - Early critiques, Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism, Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre, Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society, Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah, Kabbalah - Fictional representations, Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities, Kabbalah - Footnotes

Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia II - Kabbalah - Foretelling the future

18th century - 1700s. 1701-1714: War of the Spanish Succession 1703: Saint Petersburg founded by Peter the Great. Russian capital until 1918. 1707: Act of Union passed merging the Scottish and the English Parliaments, thus establishing The Kingdom of Great Britain. 1707: After Aurangzeb's death, the Mughal Empire enters a long decline. 18th century - 1710s. 1715: Louis XIV dies 1718: City of New Orleans founde ...

See also:

18th century, 18th century - Events, 18th century - 1700s, 18th century - 1710s, 18th century - 1720s, 18th century - 1730s, 18th century - 1740s, 18th century - 1750s, 18th century - 1760s, 18th century - 1770s, 18th century - 1780s, 18th century - 1790s, 18th century - Significant people, 18th century - Inventions discoveries introductions, 18th century - Decades and years

Read more here: » 18th century: Encyclopedia II - 18th century - Events