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1893 | A Wisdom Archive on 1893 | | 1893 A selection of articles related to 1893 | |
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1893, 1893, 1893 - Births, 1893 - Deaths, 1893 - Events, 1893 - Exact month/day of birth unknown, 1893 - Marriages, 1893 - Exact month/day of event unknown
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1893 | | | |  1893: Encyclopedia II - Erie Railroad - History
Erie Railroad - New York and Erie Rail Road: 1832-1861.
The New York and Erie Rail Road was chartered April 24, 1832 to connect the Hudson River at Piermont, north of New York City, west to Lake Erie at Dunkirk. On February 16, 1841 the railroad was authorized to cross into the northeast corner of Pennsylvania on the west side of the Delaware River. Construction began in 1836, and it opened from Piermont to Goshen on September 23, 1841. After some financial problems, construction resumed in August 1846, an ...
See also:Erie Railroad, Erie Railroad - History, Erie Railroad - New York and Erie Rail Road: 1832-1861, Erie Railroad - Erie Railway: 1861-1875, Erie Railroad - New York Lake Erie and Western Railway: 1875-1893, Erie Railroad - Erie Railroad: 1893-1960, Erie Railroad - Locomotives, Erie Railroad - Company officers Read more here: » Erie Railroad: Encyclopedia II - Erie Railroad - History |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - Mahatma Gandhi - Civil rights movement in South Africa 1893–1914
Mahatma Gandhi - Inspirations.
During his years in South Africa, Gandhi drew inspiration from the Bhagavad Gita and the writings of Leo Tolstoy (especially The Kingdom of God is Within You [1]), who in the 1880s had undergone a profound conversion to a personal form of Christian anarchism. Gandhi translated Tolstoy's A Letter to a Hindu (available at wikisource), written in 1908 in response to aggressive Indian nationalists. The two corresponded until Tolstoy's death in 1910. The letter by To ...
See also:Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi - Early Life, Mahatma Gandhi - Civil rights movement in South Africa 1893–1914, Mahatma Gandhi - Inspirations, Mahatma Gandhi - Personal Life, Mahatma Gandhi - Movement for India's Independence 1916–1945, Mahatma Gandhi - Champaran and Kheda, Mahatma Gandhi - Non-Cooperation Movement, Mahatma Gandhi - Simon Commission and Swaraj, Mahatma Gandhi - Salt Satyagraha and the Yeravda Pact, Mahatma Gandhi - 1930s: Accepting Power Conflict with Bose, Mahatma Gandhi - Do or Die: World War II and Quit India, Mahatma Gandhi - Freedom and Partition of India 1945–1947, Mahatma Gandhi - Post-Independence, Mahatma Gandhi - Assassination, Mahatma Gandhi - Gandhi's Vision and Principles, Mahatma Gandhi - Vision for India, Mahatma Gandhi - Nonviolence, Mahatma Gandhi - Satya, Mahatma Gandhi - Vegetarianism, Mahatma Gandhi - Celibacy, Mahatma Gandhi - Silence, Mahatma Gandhi - Simple living, Mahatma Gandhi - Religion, Mahatma Gandhi - Faith, Mahatma Gandhi - The Leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi - Modern criticism, Mahatma Gandhi - Recognition, Mahatma Gandhi - Mahatma, Mahatma Gandhi - Artistic depictions, Mahatma Gandhi - Commemorations Beyond India, Mahatma Gandhi - References for the article on Mahatma Gandhi Read more here: » Mahatma Gandhi: Encyclopedia II - Mahatma Gandhi - Civil rights movement in South Africa 1893–1914 |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - National Union of Seamen - The National Amalgamated Sailors' and Firemen's Union 1887-1893 The Seamen's Union was founded in Sunderland in 1887 as the National Amalgamated Sailors' and Firemen's Union. Its founder, J. Havelock Wilson became its president. It quickly spread to other ports and had become genuinely national by the end of 1888.
In 1888 and 1889 the union fought a number of successful strikes in Glasgow, Seaham, Liverpool and other major ports. By 1889 it had 45 branches and a nominal membership of 80,000. But from 1890, it began to face determined resistance from shipowners, who formed an association, th ...
See also:National Union of Seamen, National Union of Seamen - The National Amalgamated Sailors' and Firemen's Union 1887-1893, National Union of Seamen - The National Sailors' and Firemen's Union 1894-1926, National Union of Seamen - World War I and After, National Union of Seamen - The Growth of Dissent and the Seamen's Strike of 1966, National Union of Seamen - Prominent Officials, National Union of Seamen - Sources/Further Reading Read more here: » National Union of Seamen: Encyclopedia II - National Union of Seamen - The National Amalgamated Sailors' and Firemen's Union 1887-1893 |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - Mahatma Gandhi - Civil rights movement in South Africa 1893–1914 At this point in his life, Gandhi was a mild-mannered, diffident, politically indifferent individual. He had read his first newspaper at age 18 and was prone to horrible stage fright when speaking in court. South Africa changed him dramatically as he faced the humiliation and oppression that was commonly directed at Indians in that country. One day in court in the city of Durban, the magistrate asked him to remove his turban, which he refused to do, and Gandhi stormed out of the courtroom. This incident was a turning point in his life, often ...
See also:Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi - Early Life, Mahatma Gandhi - Civil rights movement in South Africa 1893–1914, Mahatma Gandhi - Inspirations, Mahatma Gandhi - Personal Life, Mahatma Gandhi - Movement for India's Independence 1916–1945, Mahatma Gandhi - Champaran and Kheda, Mahatma Gandhi - Non-Cooperation Movement, Mahatma Gandhi - Simon Commission and Swaraj, Mahatma Gandhi - Salt Satyagraha and the Yeravda Pact, Mahatma Gandhi - 1930s: Accepting Power Conflict with Bose, Mahatma Gandhi - Do or Die: World War II and Quit India, Mahatma Gandhi - Freedom and Partition of India 1945–1947, Mahatma Gandhi - Post-Independence, Mahatma Gandhi - Assassination and Dying Words, Mahatma Gandhi - Gandhi's Vision and Principles, Mahatma Gandhi - Vision for India, Mahatma Gandhi - Nonviolence, Mahatma Gandhi - Satya, Mahatma Gandhi - Vegetarianism, Mahatma Gandhi - Celibacy, Mahatma Gandhi - Silence, Mahatma Gandhi - Simple living, Mahatma Gandhi - Religion, Mahatma Gandhi - Faith, Mahatma Gandhi - The Leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi - Modern criticism, Mahatma Gandhi - Recognition, Mahatma Gandhi - Mahatma, Mahatma Gandhi - Artistic depictions, Mahatma Gandhi - Commemorations Beyond India, Mahatma Gandhi - References for the article on Mahatma Gandhi Read more here: » Mahatma Gandhi: Encyclopedia II - Mahatma Gandhi - Civil rights movement in South Africa 1893–1914 |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - Parliament of the Worlds Religions - 1999 Parliament More than 7,000 individuals from over 80 countries attended 1999 Parliament in Cape Town, South Africa. The Parliament began with a showing of the International AIDS Quilt to highlight the epidemic of AIDS in South Africa, and of the role that religious and spiritual traditions play in facing the critical issues that face the world. The event continued with hundreds of panels, symposia and workshops, offerings of prayer and meditation, plenaries and performances. The programs emphasized issues of religious, spiritual, and cultural identity, approaches to interreligious dialogue, and the role ...
See also:Parliament of the Worlds Religions, Parliament of the Worlds Religions - 1893 Parliament, Parliament of the Worlds Religions - 1993 Parliament, Parliament of the Worlds Religions - 1999 Parliament, Parliament of the Worlds Religions - 2004 Parliament Read more here: » Parliament of the Worlds Religions: Encyclopedia II - Parliament of the Worlds Religions - 1999 Parliament |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - Grover Cleveland - Second Term 1893-1897 The primary issues for Cleveland for the 1892 campaign were reducing the tarriff and stopping free minting of silver which had depleted the gold reserves of the U.S. Treasury. Cleveland was elected again in 1892, the only President ever elected to non-consecutive terms.
Shortly after Cleveland was inaugurated, the Panic of 1893 struck the stock market, and he soon faced an acute economic depression. He dealt directly with the Treasury crisis rather than with business failures, farm mortgage foreclosures, and unemployment. He obtained ...
See also:Grover Cleveland, Grover Cleveland - Youth and early political career, Grover Cleveland - First Term as President, Grover Cleveland - Personal Life, Grover Cleveland - First Term 1885-89, Grover Cleveland - 1888 campaign for reelection, Grover Cleveland - Second Term 1893-1897, Grover Cleveland - Later life and death, Grover Cleveland - Honors and Memorials, Grover Cleveland - Cabinet 1885–1889, Grover Cleveland - Cabinet 1893–1897, Grover Cleveland - Supreme Court appointments, Grover Cleveland - Significant events, Grover Cleveland - States admitted to the Union Read more here: » Grover Cleveland: Encyclopedia II - Grover Cleveland - Second Term 1893-1897 |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - Grover Cleveland - Second term as President 1893-1897
Grover Cleveland - Campaign.
The primary issues for Cleveland for the 1892 campaign were reducing the tariff and stopping free minting of silver which had depleted the gold reserves of the U.S. Treasury. Cleveland was elected again in 1892, the only President ever elected to non-consecutive terms.
Grover Cleveland - Politics.
Shortly after Cleveland was inaugurated, the Panic of 1893 struck the stock market, and he soon faced an acute economic depression. He dealt directly with ...
See also:Grover Cleveland, Grover Cleveland - Youth and early political career, Grover Cleveland - First term as President 1885-89, Grover Cleveland - Campaign, Grover Cleveland - Personal life, Grover Cleveland - Politics, Grover Cleveland - 1888 campaign for reelection, Grover Cleveland - Second term as President 1893-1897, Grover Cleveland - Campaign, Grover Cleveland - Politics, Grover Cleveland - Cancer, Grover Cleveland - Later life and death, Grover Cleveland - Honors and Memorials, Grover Cleveland - Miscellaneous, Grover Cleveland - Summary information, Grover Cleveland - Cabinet 1885–1889, Grover Cleveland - Cabinet 1893–1897, Grover Cleveland - Supreme Court appointments, Grover Cleveland - Significant events, Grover Cleveland - States admitted to the Union Read more here: » Grover Cleveland: Encyclopedia II - Grover Cleveland - Second term as President 1893-1897 |
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| | | | | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - Blackham's tour of England 1893 Grace was injured for the first Test, so England were captained by Andrew Stoddart, and which was ruined by rain. Arthur Shrewsbury became the first cricketer to score 1,000 Test runs during his 106 in England's first innings total of 334. Australia replied with 269 and England moved to 234 for 8 declared before rains tumbled down and no further play was possible. This was the first declaration in Test cricket.
England's strong side, aided by a 151 first wicket partnership between Stoddart and the returning Grace won the second Test. ...
See also:History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900, History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - The greats: Grace v Murdoch 1890, History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - Australian summer 1891/2, History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - Second England tour to South Africa 1891/2, History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - Blackham's tour of England 1893, History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - Stoddart's tour of Australia 1894/5, History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - England's third tour of South Africa 1895/6, History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - Trott tours England 1896, History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - Stoddart's tour of Australia 1897/8, History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - Hawke in South Africa 1898/9, History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - English summer of 1899 Read more here: » History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900: Encyclopedia II - History of Test cricket 1890 to 1900 - Blackham's tour of England 1893 |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - List of British Ambassadors to the United States - History The first British envoy to the United States, George Hammond, was appointed on July 5, 1791. He held the title of Minister in Washington or Minister to the United States of America.
In 1809, David Montague Erskine and President James Madison negotiated a compromise to Anglo-American disputes over shipping in the Atlantic, which would have averted the War of 1812. However, th ...
See also:List of British Ambassadors to the United States, List of British Ambassadors to the United States - Work, List of British Ambassadors to the United States - History, List of British Ambassadors to the United States - List of Ambassadors, List of British Ambassadors to the United States - Minister in Washington 1791-1893, List of British Ambassadors to the United States - Ambassador to the United States of America 1893 onwards, List of British Ambassadors to the United States - External link Read more here: » List of British Ambassadors to the United States: Encyclopedia II - List of British Ambassadors to the United States - History |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - Banca d'Italia - History The institution, also called Bankitalia, was founded in 1893, from the fusion of the four major banks in Italy. Until 1928 it was directed by a General Manager, while since then it is directed by a Governor. The Governor was elected from the internal commission of managers, with a decree from the President of the Republic. Its mandate had no preestablished duration and it was, as a matter of fact, to life.
Banca d'Italia - General Managers 1893 - 1928.
Giacomo Grillo (1893 - 1894)
Giuseppe Marchiori (1894 - 1900)
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See also:Banca d'Italia, Banca d'Italia - Functions, Banca d'Italia - History, Banca d'Italia - General Managers 1893 - 1928, Banca d'Italia - Governors 1928 - present, Banca d'Italia - Organization of the Bank of Italy, Banca d'Italia - Governing Bodies, Banca d'Italia - Appointment Read more here: » Banca d'Italia: Encyclopedia II - Banca d'Italia - History |
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| | | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - Cod War - The Third Cod War The Third Cod War (November 1975 - June 1976) occurred between the United Kingdom and Iceland. Iceland had declared that the ocean up to 200 miles (370 km) from its coast fell under Icelandic authority. Britain did not recognize the 200 mile (370 km) exclusion zone, and as a result, there came to be an issue with British fishermen and their 'incursion' into the disputed zone. The 'war', which in fact was hardly a war at all with only a few shots being fired, saw British fishing trawlers have their nets cut by the Icelandic Coast Guard, and there were several incidents of ramming by Icela ...
See also:Cod War, Cod War - The Cod War Of 1893, Cod War - The First Cod War, Cod War - The Second Cod War, Cod War - The Third Cod War, Cod War - Source of the name Read more here: » Cod War: Encyclopedia II - Cod War - The Third Cod War |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - National Union of Seamen - World War I and After After the outbreak of World War I the union began collaborating closely with the Admiralty and shipowners in support of the war effort. From 1916, Havelock Wilson emerged as one of the most vehement supporters of the war in the labour movement, ostensibly because of Germany's conduct of the war at sea, especially the alleged targeting of non-combattant vessels. In 1917 the Union provoked controversy by refusing to convey Arthur Henderson and Ramsay MacDonald to a conference of socialist parties in Stockholm, which had been convened in the wake of th ...
See also:National Union of Seamen, National Union of Seamen - The National Amalgamated Sailors' and Firemen's Union 1887-1893, National Union of Seamen - The National Sailors' and Firemen's Union 1894-1926, National Union of Seamen - World War I and After, National Union of Seamen - The Growth of Dissent and the Seamen's Strike of 1966, National Union of Seamen - Prominent Officials, National Union of Seamen - Sources/Further Reading Read more here: » National Union of Seamen: Encyclopedia II - National Union of Seamen - World War I and After |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - Société Générale - History
Société Générale - 1864 - 1893.
The bank was created during the second empire, on May 4, 1864, to support the development of commerce and industry in France. The company started to hire employees and establish offices. Coverage of France went ahead at a steady rate. By 1870, the bank had 15 branches in Paris and 32 in the French provinces. It set up a permanent office in London in 1871. At the beginning, the bank used its own resources almost entirely for both financial and banking operations. In 1871, Socié ...
See also:Société Générale, Société Générale - History, Société Générale - 1864 - 1893, Société Générale - 1894 - 1930, Société Générale - 1931 - 1945, Société Générale - 1945 - 1964, Société Générale - 1965 - 1990, Société Générale - Since 1991, Société Générale - Activity, Société Générale - Leadership Read more here: » Société Générale: Encyclopedia II - Société Générale - History |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - Grover Cleveland - Honors and Memorials Cleveland's portrait was on the U.S. $1000 bill from 1928 to 1946. He also appeared on a $1000 of 1907, and the first few issues of Federal Reserve notes from 1914, on the $20.
Many public schools across the country are named in his honor.
Grover Cleveland - Cabinet 1885–1889.
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See also:Grover Cleveland, Grover Cleveland - Youth and early political career, Grover Cleveland - First Term as President, Grover Cleveland - Personal Life, Grover Cleveland - First Term 1885-89, Grover Cleveland - 1888 campaign for reelection, Grover Cleveland - Second Term 1893-1897, Grover Cleveland - Later life and death, Grover Cleveland - Honors and Memorials, Grover Cleveland - Cabinet 1885–1889, Grover Cleveland - Cabinet 1893–1897, Grover Cleveland - Supreme Court appointments, Grover Cleveland - Significant events, Grover Cleveland - States admitted to the Union Read more here: » Grover Cleveland: Encyclopedia II - Grover Cleveland - Honors and Memorials |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - Grover Cleveland - Youth and early political career Cleveland was born in Caldwell, New Jersey to the Rev. Richard Cleveland and Anne Neal. He was one of nine children. His father was a Presbyterian minister, and as the church frequently transferred its ministers, the family moved many times, mainly around central and western New York State.
As a lawyer in Buffalo, he became notable for his single-minded concentration upon whatever task faced him. He was elected sheriff of Erie County, New York in 1870 and, while in that post, carried out at least two hangings of condemned criminals. P ...
See also:Grover Cleveland, Grover Cleveland - Youth and early political career, Grover Cleveland - First Term as President, Grover Cleveland - Personal Life, Grover Cleveland - First Term 1885-89, Grover Cleveland - 1888 campaign for reelection, Grover Cleveland - Second Term 1893-1897, Grover Cleveland - Later life and death, Grover Cleveland - Honors and Memorials, Grover Cleveland - Cabinet 1885–1889, Grover Cleveland - Cabinet 1893–1897, Grover Cleveland - Supreme Court appointments, Grover Cleveland - Significant events, Grover Cleveland - States admitted to the Union Read more here: » Grover Cleveland: Encyclopedia II - Grover Cleveland - Youth and early political career |
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| | | | | 1893: Encyclopedia II - Grover Cleveland - First Term as President Cleveland won the Presidency with the combined support of Democrats and reform Republicans called "Mugwumps", who disliked the record of his opponent, Senator James G. Blaine of Maine.
The campaign was relatively negative. To counter Cleveland's image of purity his opponents reported that Cleveland had fathered an illegitimate child while he was a lawyer in Buffalo.
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See also:Grover Cleveland, Grover Cleveland - Youth and early political career, Grover Cleveland - First Term as President, Grover Cleveland - Personal Life, Grover Cleveland - First Term 1885-89, Grover Cleveland - 1888 campaign for reelection, Grover Cleveland - Second Term 1893-1897, Grover Cleveland - Later life and death, Grover Cleveland - Honors and Memorials, Grover Cleveland - Cabinet 1885–1889, Grover Cleveland - Cabinet 1893–1897, Grover Cleveland - Supreme Court appointments, Grover Cleveland - Significant events, Grover Cleveland - States admitted to the Union Read more here: » Grover Cleveland: Encyclopedia II - Grover Cleveland - First Term as President |
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