1878 births

Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz (also "Yishayahu", "Yeshayah", "Yeshayah", "Yishaya" - in English Abraham Isaiah Karelitz) (1878-1953) known by his pen name as the Chazon Ish (in Hebrew: "Vision [of] Man"), was a Lithuanian born Orthodox rabbi who became leader of Haredi Judaism in Israel. His final 20 years were in Israel from 1933 to 1953. Born in Kossow, Karelitz received his education from his father, head of the beth din (religious court) there. In 1911 he published his first work on Orach Chayim and other ...

Read more here: » Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz: Encyclopedia - Avraham Yeshayahu Karelitz

Adeline Genée (6 January 1878 - April 23, 1970) was a Danish/British ballet dancer. Adeline Genée - Early years. Anna Kirstina Margarete Petra Jensen was born in Århus, Denmark. Her uncle, Alexandere Genée, gave her dancing lessons from the age of three. When she was eight, Alexandre and his wife Antonia Zimmerman adopted her. As well as changing her last name to Genée, she changed her first name to Adeline in honour of the Italian opera star Adelina Pat ...

Including:

• Adeline Genée - Early years
• Adeline Genée - At the Empire
• Adeline Genée - Around the world
• Adeline Genée - Teaching ballet in England
• Adeline Genée - The Genée Award

Read more here: » Adeline Genée: Encyclopedia - Adeline Genée

Manuel L. Quezon, a Spanish-mestizo, was born in Baler in the province of Tayabas (now Aurora). While serving as aide-de-camp to Emilio Aguinaldo (he had been a Lieutenant in the Bataan sector during the retreat in 1901), he fought with Filipino nationalists in the Filipino-American War. He received his primary education from his mother and tutors (his father, a mestizo from Paco, Manila, was a Sargeant in the Spanish Army), and later boarded at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran where he completed secondary school. After the war, he c ...

See also:

Manuel L. Quezon, Manuel L. Quezon - Early life and career, Manuel L. Quezon - Presidency, Manuel L. Quezon - Legacy, Manuel L. Quezon - Quotes, Manuel L. Quezon - External link

Read more here: » Manuel L. Quezon: Encyclopedia II - Manuel L. Quezon - Early life and career

Milan Hodža - Before 1918. He was a prominent journalist in Budapest from 1897. He edited and founded the newspaper Slovenský denník (1900-1901) and the weakly Slovenský týždenník (1903-1914). From 1916 to 1918 he was an editor of the Austrian press office in Vienna. He studied at universities in Budapest and Vienna. When member of the Slovak National Party - at that time the only Slovak party in Austria-Hungary - he became the ideological leader and founder of Slovak agrarism. (Later, he also becam ...

See also:

Milan Hodža, Milan Hodža - Major functions, Milan Hodža - Life, Milan Hodža - Before 1918, Milan Hodža - 1918 - 1938, Milan Hodža - 1938 - 1944

Read more here: » Milan Hodža: Encyclopedia II - Milan Hodža - Life

Pangalos graduated first in his class from the Scholi Evelpidon Military Academy in 1900, and continued his studies in Paris, France. In 1916 he supported Eleftherios Venizelos in his struggle against Constantine I of Greece, and was rewarded with a senior position in the War Ministry. He participated in the Asia Minor Campaign from senior staff poitisons, but was demoted after Constantine returned to power in 1920; in 1923 Pangalos supported the coup d'etat by Nikolaos Plastiras which abolished the monarchy and declared the Second Hellenic ...

See also:

Theodoros Pangalos general, Theodoros Pangalos general - Early Career, Theodoros Pangalos general - In Power, Theodoros Pangalos general - After his rule

Read more here: » Theodoros Pangalos general: Encyclopedia II - Theodoros Pangalos general - Early Career

On the night of July 16/July 17, 1918, a squad of Bolshevik secret police murdered Russia's last Emperor, Tsar Nicholas II, along with his wife Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse, their four daughters, Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia, Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia and Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, and Tsarevich Alexei of Russia. Along with the family, their physician Dr. Botkin, and three other servants were also killed. All were shot and stabbed in a half-cellar room of the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg, a city in ...

See also:

Yakov Yurovsky, Yakov Yurovsky - Early life, Yakov Yurovsky - Murder of the Imperial Family, Yakov Yurovsky - After the Civil War, Yakov Yurovsky - Footnotes

Read more here: » Yakov Yurovsky: Encyclopedia II - Yakov Yurovsky - Murder of the Imperial Family

Changes November 3, 1923 - The Social Democratic Ministers, Sollmann, Radbruch, and Schmidt, resign. Sollmann is succeeded as Interior Minister by Karl Jarres (DVP). The others are not replaced before the ministry falls Gustav Stresemann - Footnotes. ^  Stresemann in an article for the Hamburger Fremdenblatt, 10 April 1922, quoted after Martin Broszat, 200 Jahre deutsche Polenpolitik, F ...

See also:

Gustav Stresemann, Gustav Stresemann - First Cabinet August - October 1923, Gustav Stresemann - Second Cabinet October - November 1923, Gustav Stresemann - Footnotes, Gustav Stresemann - Books, Gustav Stresemann - External link

Read more here: » Gustav Stresemann: Encyclopedia II - Gustav Stresemann - Second Cabinet October - November 1923

Pelliot's expedition left Paris on June 17, 1906. His 3-man team included Dr. Louis Vaillant, an Army medical officer, and Charles Nouette, a photographer. The three traveled to Chinese Turkestan by rail through Moscow and Tashkent. The team arrived in Kashgar at the end of August, staying with the Russian consul-general (the successor to Nikolai Petrovsky). Pelliot amazed the local Chinese officials with his fluent Chinese (only one of the 13 languages he spoke). His efforts were to pay off shortly, when his team began obtaining supplies (like a yurt ...

See also:

Paul Pelliot, Paul Pelliot - The Expedition, Paul Pelliot - The Return and Later Years, Paul Pelliot - Reference

Read more here: » Paul Pelliot: Encyclopedia II - Paul Pelliot - The Expedition

In 1917-19, Commander Richardson was Navigator and Executive Officer of the battleship Nevada. Following a tour at the Naval Academy, he was given command of the gunboat Asheville in 1922 and took her out to Asiatic waters, where he also had command of the South China Patrol. Captain Richardson was Assistant to the Chief, Bureau of Ordnance, in 1924-27. In the later 1920s, he commanded a destroyer division, th ...

See also:

James Richardson 1878-1974, James Richardson 1878-1974 - Early life and career, James Richardson 1878-1974 - World War I and interwar years, James Richardson 1878-1974 - World War II and afterward

Read more here: » James Richardson 1878-1974: Encyclopedia II - James Richardson 1878-1974 - World War I and interwar years

Erich Mühsam - Early life: 1878-1900. The third child born to Siegfried Seligmann Mühsam, a middle-class Jewish pharmacist, Erich Mühsam was born in Berlin on 6 April 1878. Soon after, the family would move to the city of Lübeck. Mühsam was educated at the Katharineum-Gymnasium in Lübeck, a school known for its authoritarian discipline and corporal punishment which served as the model for several of the settings in Thomas Mann's novel Buddenbrooks (1901). The young student Erich, who was by hi ...

See also:

Erich Mühsam, Erich Mühsam - Biography, Erich Mühsam - Early life: 1878-1900, Erich Mühsam - Poet Writer Anarchist: 1900-1918, Erich Mühsam - The Weimar Years: 1918-1933, Erich Mühsam - Arrest and Death, Erich Mühsam - Works, Erich Mühsam - Books, Erich Mühsam - Plays, Erich Mühsam - Poetry, Erich Mühsam - Journals and Periodicals, Erich Mühsam - Related Links

Read more here: » Erich Mühsam: Encyclopedia II - Erich Mühsam - Biography

Radbruch studied law in Munich, Leipzig and Berlin. He passed his first bar exam ("Staatsexamen") in Berlin in 1901, and the following year he received his doctorate with a disseration on "The lessons of adequate Causation." This was followed in 1903 by his qualification to teach criminal law in Heidelberg. In 1904, he was appointed Professor of Criminal and Trial Law and Legal Philosophy in Heidelberg. In 1914 he accepted a call to a professorship in Königsberg (today's Kaliningra ...

See also:

Gustav Radbruch, Gustav Radbruch - Life, Gustav Radbruch - Work

Read more here: » Gustav Radbruch: Encyclopedia II - Gustav Radbruch - Life

Coates first became involved in politics through the Otamatea County Council, to which he was elected in 1905. Later, from 1913 to 1916, he was the Council's chairman. He had previously distinguished himself as commander of the Otamatea Mounted Rifle Volunteers, and had a good local reputation. In the 1911 elections, Coates was elected to Parliament in the Kaipara seat, having stood as an independent candidate aligned with the Liberal Party. In Parliament he generally voted with the Liberals, and was part of the group that allowed Joseph War ...

See also:

Gordon Coates, Gordon Coates - Early life, Gordon Coates - Early political career, Gordon Coates - Premiership, Gordon Coates - Coalition, Gordon Coates - Later political career

Read more here: » Gordon Coates: Encyclopedia II - Gordon Coates - Early political career

On June 24, 1925, officers loyal to Pangalos, fearing that the political instability was putting the country at risk, overthrew the government in a coup. Pangalos immediately abolished the young republic and began to prosecute anyone who could possibly challenge his authority, including his old boss, Plastiras. Freedom of the press was abolished, and a number of repressive laws were enacted (including a law dictating the length of women's skirts - no more than 30cm above the ground), while Pangalos awarded himself the Grand Cross of the Orde ...

See also:

Theodoros Pangalos general, Theodoros Pangalos general - Early Career, Theodoros Pangalos general - In Power, Theodoros Pangalos general - After his rule

Read more here: » Theodoros Pangalos general: Encyclopedia II - Theodoros Pangalos general - In Power

Yurovsky was born as the eighth of ten children in a working class family. The family was a Jewish orthodox family who traditionally hated and despised Imperial Russia. His grandfather was a Rebe, while his father was a worker and criminal. Yurovsky studied at a Jewish school in Tomsk, but haven't actually finished it. He led a working class life learning the art of watchmaking. He lived in the German Empire in 1904, was baptized into Lutheranism there and changed his name from Yankel Chaimovich to the christianized Yakov Mikhailovich ...

See also:

Yakov Yurovsky, Yakov Yurovsky - Early life, Yakov Yurovsky - Murder of the Imperial Family, Yakov Yurovsky - After the Civil War, Yakov Yurovsky - Footnotes

Read more here: » Yakov Yurovsky: Encyclopedia II - Yakov Yurovsky - Early life

In 1931, the Labour Party withdrew its support from United, protesting about various economic measures that it said were hostile to workers. Coates and the Reform Party subsequently agreed to form a coalition with United, preventing a general election in which Labour might have made significant gains. United's leader, George Forbes, remained Prime Minister, but Coates and his Reform Party colleagues gained a number of significant posts. William Downie Stewart, Coa ...

See also:

Gordon Coates, Gordon Coates - Early life, Gordon Coates - Early political career, Gordon Coates - Premiership, Gordon Coates - Coalition, Gordon Coates - Later political career

Read more here: » Gordon Coates: Encyclopedia II - Gordon Coates - Coalition

Erich Mühsam - Books. Die Eigenen (1903) Räterepublik (1929) Die Befeiung der Gesellschaft vom Staat (1932) Unpolitische Erinnerungen (trans. Unpolitical Remembrances) (1931) – an autobiography Erich Mühsam - Plays. Die Hochstapler (The Con Men) (1904) Die Freivermählten (1914) Judas (1920) Staatsräson (Reasons of State) (1927) Alle Wet ...

See also:

Erich Mühsam, Erich Mühsam - Biography, Erich Mühsam - Early life: 1878-1900, Erich Mühsam - Poet Writer Anarchist: 1900-1918, Erich Mühsam - The Weimar Years: 1918-1933, Erich Mühsam - Arrest and Death, Erich Mühsam - Works, Erich Mühsam - Books, Erich Mühsam - Plays, Erich Mühsam - Poetry, Erich Mühsam - Journals and Periodicals, Erich Mühsam - Related Links

Read more here: » Erich Mühsam: Encyclopedia II - Erich Mühsam - Works

Pelliot returned to Paris on October 24, 1909, to a vicious smear campaign mounted against himself, Edouard Chavannes (a fellow sinologist) and the staff of the Ecole. Pelliot was accused of wasting public money and returning with forged manuscripts. This campaign came to a head with a December 1910 article in La Revue Indigène by M. Fernand Farjenel. These charges were not proved false until Sir Aurel Stein's book, Ruins of Desert Cathay, appeared in 1912. In his book, Stein made it clear that he had left manuscripts behind in Tun-huang. Stei ...

See also:

Paul Pelliot, Paul Pelliot - The Expedition, Paul Pelliot - The Return and Later Years, Paul Pelliot - Reference

Read more here: » Paul Pelliot: Encyclopedia II - Paul Pelliot - The Return and Later Years

Gradually, Coates' prominence increased to the point where he was seen as a natural successor to Massey. When Massey died in 1925, Francis Bell became Prime Minister on an interim basis while the leadership was decided. On 30 May Coates became Prime Minister, having defeated William Nosworthy in a caucus ballot. While Coates was charismatic and was regarded as a good administrator, he was not particularly apt at marketing himself to the public or at reading public mood. He retained most of Massey's cabinet, despite a strong wish from ...

See also:

Gordon Coates, Gordon Coates - Early life, Gordon Coates - Early political career, Gordon Coates - Premiership, Gordon Coates - Coalition, Gordon Coates - Later political career

Read more here: » Gordon Coates: Encyclopedia II - Gordon Coates - Premiership

In 1935 Manuel L. Quezon won the Philippine's first national presidential election against Emilio Aguinaldo and Bishop Gregorio Aglipay. His original six year term without reelection was extended by constitutional amendment, allowing him to serve two additional years for a total of eight. He was reelected in November, 1941. In a notable humanitarian act, Quezon, in cooperation with United States High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt, facilitated the entry into the Philippines of Jewish refugees fleeing fascist regimes in Europe. Quezon was also instrumental in promoting ...

See also:

Manuel L. Quezon, Manuel L. Quezon - Early life and career, Manuel L. Quezon - Presidency, Manuel L. Quezon - Legacy, Manuel L. Quezon - Quotes, Manuel L. Quezon - External link

Read more here: » Manuel L. Quezon: Encyclopedia II - Manuel L. Quezon - Presidency

"I prefer a country run like hell by Filipinos to a country run like heaven by Americans. Because, however bad a Filipino government might be, we can always change it." "My loyalty to my party ends where my loyalty to my country begins." "Social Justice is far more beneficial when applied as a matter of sentiment, and not of law." ...

See also:

Manuel L. Quezon, Manuel L. Quezon - Early life and career, Manuel L. Quezon - Presidency, Manuel L. Quezon - Legacy, Manuel L. Quezon - Quotes, Manuel L. Quezon - External link

Read more here: » Manuel L. Quezon: Encyclopedia II - Manuel L. Quezon - Quotes