1878 - Deaths

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1878 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). 1878 - Events. 1878 - January - April. January - Cleopatra's Needle arrives in London January 9 - Humbert I becomes King of Italy January 5 - Battle of Shipka Pass IV January 17 - Battle of Plovdiv January 23 - Disraeli orders British fleet to DardanellesIncluding:

• 1878 - Events
• 1878 - January - April
• 1878 - May - August
• 1878 - September - December
• 1878 - Unknown date
• 1878 - Births
• 1878 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1878: Encyclopedia - 1878

1939 - January-March. January 2 - Roman Dmowski, Polish politician (b. 1864) January 23 - Matthias Sindelar, Austrian footballer (b. 1903) January 24 - Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician and nutritionist (b. 1867) January 28 - William Butler Yeats, Irish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865) February 10 - Pope Pius XI (b. 1857) February 11 - Franz Schmidt, Austrian composer (b. 1874) February 12 - S. P. L. Sørensen, Danish chemist (b. 1868)See also:

1939, 1939 - Events, 1939 - January, 1939 - February, 1939 - March, 1939 - April, 1939 - May, 1939 - June, 1939 - July, 1939 - August, 1939 - September, 1939 - October, 1939 - November, 1939 - December, 1939 - unknown dates, 1939 - Ongoing events, 1939 - Births, 1939 - January, 1939 - February, 1939 - March, 1939 - April, 1939 - May, 1939 - June, 1939 - July, 1939 - August, 1939 - September, 1939 - October, 1939 - November, 1939 - December, 1939 - Deaths, 1939 - January-March, 1939 - April-August, 1939 - October-September, 1939 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1939: Encyclopedia II - 1939 - Deaths

Seurat attended the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in 1878 and 1879. After a year of military service at Brest military academy, he returned to Paris in 1880. He started off sharing a small studio on the Left Bank with two student friends before moving to a studio of his own. For the next two years, he devoted himself to mastering the art of black and white drawing. He spent 1883 on a huge canvas, Bath ...

See also:

Georges-Pierre Seurat, Georges-Pierre Seurat - Life, Georges-Pierre Seurat - Seurat's Scientific Background and Influences, Georges-Pierre Seurat - Seurat Challenging of the Impressionists, Georges-Pierre Seurat - Seurat's Melding of Science and Emotion, Georges-Pierre Seurat - The Crowning Achievement, Georges-Pierre Seurat - Endnotes

Read more here: » Georges-Pierre Seurat: Encyclopedia II - Georges-Pierre Seurat - Life

1976 - January. January 8 - Zhou Enlai, Premier of the People's Republic of China (b. 1898) January 10 - Howlin' Wolf, American musician (b. 1910) January 12 - Agatha Christie, English writer (b. 1890) January 23 - Paul Robeson, American actor, singer, writer, and activist (b. 1898) January 30 - Mance Lipscomb, American singer (b. 1895) 1976 - February. February 1 - Werner Heisenberg, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate ...

See also:

1976, 1976 - Events, 1976 - January, 1976 - February, 1976 - March, 1976 - April, 1976 - May, 1976 - June, 1976 - July, 1976 - August, 1976 - September, 1976 - October, 1976 - November, 1976 - December, 1976 - Unknown dates, 1976 - Births, 1976 - January, 1976 - February, 1976 - March, 1976 - April, 1976 - May, 1976 - June, 1976 - July, 1976 - August, 1976 - September, 1976 - October, 1976 - November, 1976 - December, 1976 - Deaths, 1976 - January, 1976 - February, 1976 - March, 1976 - April, 1976 - May, 1976 - June, 1976 - July, 1976 - August, 1976 - September, 1976 - October, 1976 - November, 1976 - December, 1976 - Nobel Prizes, 1976 - Templeton Prize

Read more here: » 1976: Encyclopedia II - 1976 - Deaths

1945 - January. January 3 - Edgar Cayce, American psychic (b. 1877) January 22 - Else Lasker-Schuler, German poet (b. 1869) January 31 - Eddie Slovik, American soldier (b. 1920) 1945 - February. February 5 - Denise Bloch, French World War II heroine (executed) (b. 1915) February 5 - Lilian Rolfe, French World War II heroine (executed) (b. 1914) February 5 - Violette Szabo, French World War II heroine (executed) (b. 1921)See also:

1945, 1945 - Events, 1945 - January, 1945 - February, 1945 - March, 1945 - April, 1945 - May, 1945 - June, 1945 - July, 1945 - August, 1945 - September, 1945 - October, 1945 - November, 1945 - December, 1945 - Unknown date, 1945 - Ongoing events, 1945 - Science and technology, 1945 - Births, 1945 - January, 1945 - February, 1945 - March, 1945 - April, 1945 - May, 1945 - June, 1945 - July, 1945 - August, 1945 - September-October, 1945 - November-December, 1945 - Unknown dates, 1945 - Deaths, 1945 - January, 1945 - February, 1945 - March, 1945 - April, 1945 - May, 1945 - June-August, 1945 - September, 1945 - October, 1945 - November, 1945 - December, 1945 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1945: Encyclopedia II - 1945 - Deaths

Wagner's contributions to art and culture are undeniable and monumental. In his lifetime, and for some years after, Wagner inspired fanatical devotion amongst his legions of fans, often considered by them to have a near god-like status. His music, Tristan und Isolde especially, broke important new ground. For years afterward, many composers felt compelled to align themselves with or against Wagner. Anton Bruckner and Hugo Wolf are indebted to him especially, as are Cesar Franck, Henri Duparc, Ernest Chausson, Jules Massenet, Alexander von Ze ...

See also:

Richard Wagner, Richard Wagner - Works, Richard Wagner - Operas, Richard Wagner - Non-operatic music, Richard Wagner - Other works, Richard Wagner - Biography, Richard Wagner - Early life, Richard Wagner - Dresden, Richard Wagner - Exile Schopenhauer and Mathilde Wesendonck, Richard Wagner - Patronage of King Ludwig II, Richard Wagner - Bayreuth, Richard Wagner - Final years, Richard Wagner - Anti-Semitism and Nazi appropriation, Richard Wagner - Wagner's influence and legacy, Richard Wagner - Links and references, Richard Wagner - Media, Richard Wagner - Selected readings, Richard Wagner - Notes, Richard Wagner - External links

Read more here: » Richard Wagner: Encyclopedia II - Richard Wagner - Wagner's influence and legacy

Ed Gein was born to George P. Gein (1873-1940) and Augusta T. Gein (1878-1945) on August 27, 1906, in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Edward had a brother, Henry G. Gein (1902-1944) who was born on January 7, 1902. George was a violent man who was frequently unemployed, usually spending his days brooding on the front porch and consuming liquor. Ed rejected his violent, aimless father, as did his older brother Henry and especially Augusta, who treated him like a nonentity. Despite her deep contempt for George, the atrophic marriage persisted. Divorce w ...

See also:

Ed Gein, Ed Gein - Childhood, Ed Gein - Deaths of family members, Ed Gein - Arrest, Ed Gein - Death, Ed Gein - Popular culture, Ed Gein - Films, Ed Gein - Music, Ed Gein - Comics

Read more here: » Ed Gein: Encyclopedia II - Ed Gein - Childhood

Dostoevsky began his first notes for The Brothers Karamazov in April of 1878. Several influences can be gleaned from the very early stages of the novel's genesis. The first involved the profound effect the Russian philosopher and thinker Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov had on Dostoevsky at this time of his life. Fyodorov advocated a Christianity in which human redemption and resurrection could occur on earth through sons redeeming the sins of their fathers to create human unity through a universal family. The tragedy of patricide in this ...

See also:

The Brothers Karamazov, The Brothers Karamazov - Context and background, The Brothers Karamazov - Structure, The Brothers Karamazov - Translation, The Brothers Karamazov - List of major characters, The Brothers Karamazov - Fyodor Karamazov, The Brothers Karamazov - Dmitri Karamazov, The Brothers Karamazov - Ivan Karamazov, The Brothers Karamazov - Alexei Karamazov, The Brothers Karamazov - Pavel Smerdyakov, The Brothers Karamazov - Agrafena Alexandrovna Svetlova, The Brothers Karamazov - Katerina Ivanovna Verkhovtseva, The Brothers Karamazov - Zosima, The Brothers Karamazov - Ilusha, The Brothers Karamazov - Synopsis, The Brothers Karamazov - Book One: A Nice Little Family, The Brothers Karamazov - Book Two: An Inappropriate Gathering, The Brothers Karamazov - Book Three: Sensualists, The Brothers Karamazov - Book Four: Strains, The Brothers Karamazov - Book Five: Pro and Contra, The Brothers Karamazov - Book Six: The Russian Monk, The Brothers Karamazov - Book Seven: Alyosha, The Brothers Karamazov - Book Eight: Mitya, The Brothers Karamazov - Book Nine: The Preliminary Investigation, The Brothers Karamazov - Book Ten: Boys, The Brothers Karamazov - Book Eleven: Brother Ivan Fyodorovich, The Brothers Karamazov - Book Twelve: A Judicial Error, The Brothers Karamazov - Epilogue, The Brothers Karamazov - The novel's influence

Read more here: » The Brothers Karamazov: Encyclopedia II - The Brothers Karamazov - Context and background

Diphtheria (dif-thir-ee-uh or often dip-thir-ee-uh) takes its name from the Greek word for "leather", dipthera, and was named in 1855 by French physician Armand Trousseau (1801-1867). This coinage alludes to the leathery, sheath-like membrane that grows on the tonsils, throat and in the nose. Diphtheria was once one of the most dreaded diseases, with frequent large-scale outbreaks. From 1735-1740, a diphtheria epidemic in the New England colonies was said to have killed as much as 80% of the children under 10 years of age in so ...

See also:

Diphtheria, Diphtheria - Signs and symptoms, Diphtheria - Diagnosis, Diphtheria - Laboratory criteria, Diphtheria - Case classification, Diphtheria - Treatment, Diphtheria - Epidemiology, Diphtheria - History, Diphtheria - Source

Read more here: » Diphtheria: Encyclopedia II - Diphtheria - History

April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). There are 250 days remaining. April 25 - Events. 1607 - Eighty Years' War: Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. 1707 - An Allied Austrian army is defeated by Bourbon army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession. 1719 - Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe is published. 1792 - Highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier becomes t ...

Including:

• April 25 - Events
• April 25 - Births
• April 25 - Deaths
• April 25 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 25: Encyclopedia - April 25

During his return from a ministerial tour of the western and southwestern United States, the already ill Pastor Russell died from the result of multiple ailments on the night of October 31, 1916 in a train car as it approached Pampa, Texas. His death was a major front-page headline in many newspapers across the globe. He was buried in Rosemont United Cemetery, Pittsburgh. The gravesite is marked by both a headstone, and an eight-foot tall pyramid memorial gifted f ...

See also:

Charles Taze Russell, Charles Taze Russell - Early life, Charles Taze Russell - Ministry, Charles Taze Russell - Beginnings, Charles Taze Russell - Split with Barbour, Charles Taze Russell - Russell's marriage, Charles Taze Russell - Major publications, Charles Taze Russell - Death aftermath and legacy, Charles Taze Russell - Theology and teachings, Charles Taze Russell - Criticisms and controversies

Read more here: » Charles Taze Russell: Encyclopedia II - Charles Taze Russell - Death aftermath and legacy

1933 - January. January 3 - Japanese troops occupy Shanghai January 5 - Construction of the Golden Gate Bridge begins in San Francisco Bay. January 15 - Political violence has caused almost 100 deaths in Spain January 17 - US Congress votes favorable for Philippines independence, against the view of president Hoover January 30 - Edouard Daladier forms a government in France January 30 - Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany by Reich President Paul von Hindenburg. January 30 - The first airing of episode 1 of 2,956 episodes of the radio program ...

See also:

1933, 1933 - Events, 1933 - January, 1933 - February, 1933 - March, 1933 - April, 1933 - May, 1933 - June, 1933 - July, 1933 - August, 1933 - September, 1933 - October, 1933 - November, 1933 - December, 1933 - Undated, 1933 - Births, 1933 - January, 1933 - February, 1933 - March, 1933 - April, 1933 - May, 1933 - June, 1933 - July, 1933 - August, 1933 - September-October, 1933 - November, 1933 - December, 1933 - Deaths, 1933 - January-March, 1933 - April-June, 1933 - July-December, 1933 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1933: Encyclopedia II - 1933 - Events

This is a partial list of patients whose case studies were published by Freud, with pseudonyms substituted for their names: Anna O. = Bertha Pappenheim (1859 - 1936) Cäcilie M. = Anna von Lieben Dora = Ida Bauer (1882-1945) Frau Emmy von N. = Fanny Moser Fräulein Elizabeth von R. Fräulein Katharina = Aurelia Kronich Fräulein Lucy R. Little Hans = Herbert Graf (1903-1973) Rat Man = Ernst Lanzer (1878-1914) Wolf ...

See also:

Sigmund Freud, Sigmund Freud - Life, Sigmund Freud - Innovations, Sigmund Freud - Early work, Sigmund Freud - The unconscious, Sigmund Freud - Psychosexual development, Sigmund Freud - The id ego and superego, Sigmund Freud - Defense mechanisms, Sigmund Freud - The life and death instincts, Sigmund Freud - Psychology of religion, Sigmund Freud - Freud's legacy, Sigmund Freud - Psychotherapy, Sigmund Freud - Philosophy, Sigmund Freud - Critical reactions, Sigmund Freud - Patients, Sigmund Freud - Major works, Sigmund Freud - Books about Freud and psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalysis: theory and practice, Sigmund Freud - Conceptual critiques, Sigmund Freud - Biographies, Sigmund Freud - Biographical critiques

Read more here: » Sigmund Freud: Encyclopedia II - Sigmund Freud - Patients

In 1878, Grant's successor, Rutherford B. Hayes attempted to reform the Customs House. He ousted Arthur, who resumed the practice of law in New York City. Conkling and his followers tried to win redress by fighting for the renomination of Grant at the 1880 Republican National Convention. Failing in that, they reluctantly accepted the nomination of Arthur as vice president. Arthur was elected vice president on the Republican ticket with James Garfield in the 1880 presidential election. His term began on March 4, 1881. Upon Garfield's d ...

See also:

Chester A. Arthur, Chester A. Arthur - Early life and education, Chester A. Arthur - Pre-political career, Chester A. Arthur - Presidency, Chester A. Arthur - Social and personal life, Chester A. Arthur - Cabinet, Chester A. Arthur - Supreme Court Appointments, Chester A. Arthur - Confirmed Supreme Court Appointment but declined to take office, Chester A. Arthur - Significant events during presidency, Chester A. Arthur - Post presidency, Chester A. Arthur - Notes

Read more here: » Chester A. Arthur: Encyclopedia II - Chester A. Arthur - Presidency

1966 - January. January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. January 2 - Strike of public transportation workers in New York City - ends January 13 January 3 - First Acid Test at the Fillmore, San Francisco January 4 - Military coup in Upper Volta (later Burkina Faso). January 4 - Prime ministers of India and Pakistan meet in Moscow January 5 - Fire due to a gas leak in Feyzin oil refi ...

See also:

1966, 1966 - Events, 1966 - January, 1966 - February, 1966 - March, 1966 - April, 1966 - May, 1966 - June, 1966 - July, 1966 - August, 1966 - September, 1966 - October, 1966 - November, 1966 - December, 1966 - Unknown dates, 1966 - Births, 1966 - January, 1966 - February, 1966 - March, 1966 - April, 1966 - May, 1966 - June, 1966 - July, 1966 - August, 1966 - September, 1966 - October, 1966 - November, 1966 - December, 1966 - Deaths, 1966 - January, 1966 - February, 1966 - March, 1966 - April, 1966 - May, 1966 - June, 1966 - July, 1966 - August, 1966 - September, 1966 - October, 1966 - November, 1966 - December, 1966 - Month/day unknown, 1966 - Nobel Prizes, 1966 - Fields Medalists

Read more here: » 1966: Encyclopedia II - 1966 - Events

1946 - January. January 2 - Unable to resume his rule over Albania after World War II, King Zog abdicated but retained his claim to the throne. January 4 - Theodore Schurch becomes the last person to be executed for offences committed under the Treachery Act of 1940 January 7 - Allied recognize Austrian republic with 1937 borders - the country is divided into four occupation zones January 10 - First meeting of the United Nations January 10 - Project Diana bounces Radar wa ...

See also:

1946, 1946 - Events, 1946 - January, 1946 - February, 1946 - March, 1946 - April, 1946 - May, 1946 - June-July, 1946 - August-November, 1946 - December, 1946 - Unknown dates, 1946 - Births, 1946 - January, 1946 - February, 1946 - March, 1946 - April, 1946 - May, 1946 - June, 1946 - July, 1946 - August, 1946 - September, 1946 - October, 1946 - November, 1946 - December, 1946 - Unknown date, 1946 - Fictional, 1946 - Deaths, 1946 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1946: Encyclopedia II - 1946 - Events

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that some time after the death of the last apostle, the Church gradually diverged, in a "Great Apostasy", from the original teachings of Jesus in several major points. Influenced by Restorationism, they believe their faith is a continually improving, imperfect restoration of First Century Christianity. An example in The Watchtower states: "It was the 1900-year-old 'faithful and discreet slave,' [parable--Matthew 24:45] the old Christian congregation, that was entrusted with this precious Kingdom service ... ...

See also:

Jehovah's Witnesses, Jehovah's Witnesses - Origins, Jehovah's Witnesses - Membership, Jehovah's Witnesses - Organizational structure, Jehovah's Witnesses - Beliefs and doctrines, Jehovah's Witnesses - The question of blood, Jehovah's Witnesses - Practices, Jehovah's Witnesses - Jehovah's Witnesses and governments, Jehovah's Witnesses - Opposition to Jehovah's Witnesses, Jehovah's Witnesses - Jehovah's Witnesses and eschatology, Jehovah's Witnesses - Early eschatology, Jehovah's Witnesses - 1975, Jehovah's Witnesses - Recent changes, Jehovah's Witnesses - Jehovah's Witnesses and their families, Jehovah's Witnesses - Notes

Read more here: » Jehovah's Witnesses: Encyclopedia II - Jehovah's Witnesses - Origins

Abraham Goldfaden is generally considered the founder of the first professional Yiddish theatre troupe, which he founded in Iaşi, Romania and later moved to Bucharest; his own career also took him to Imperial Russia, Lvov, and New York City. Within two years of Goldfaden's founding of his troupe, there were several rival troupes in Bucharest, mostly founded by formen members of Goldfaden's troupe. Most of these troupes followed Goldfaden's original formula of musical vaudeville and light comedy, while Goldfaden himself turned more toward re ...

See also:

Yiddish theatre, Yiddish theatre - Precursors and early influences, Yiddish theatre - The first rumblings, Yiddish theatre - The early years, Yiddish theatre - The Russian era, Yiddish theatre - London, Yiddish theatre - The heyday of Yiddish theater, Yiddish theatre - The effect of the Holocaust

Read more here: » Yiddish theatre: Encyclopedia II - Yiddish theatre - The early years

1008-1013 Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah issues severe restrictions against Jews in the Land of Israel. All Jews are forced to wear a "golden calf" (made of wood) around their necks. On Oct. 18 1009 he destroys the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, but the French "historian" Raoul Glaber blames the Jews. As a result, Jews were expelled from Limoges and other French towns. 1012 One of the first known persecutions of Jews in Germany: Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor expels Jews from Mainz. 1032 Abul Kamal Tumin conquers Fez, Morocco and decimates the Jewish community, killing 6,000 Jews. 1050 Council of ...

See also:

History of anti-Semitism, History of anti-Semitism - Ancient animosity towards Jews, History of anti-Semitism - The 4th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 5th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 6th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 7th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 8th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 9th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 10th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 11th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 12th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 14th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 15th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 16th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 17th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 18th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 19th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 20th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 21st century, History of anti-Semitism - Books

Read more here: » History of anti-Semitism: Encyclopedia II - History of anti-Semitism - The 11th century

It is impossible to calculate Shakespeare's reputation in his own lifetime and shortly after. England scarcely had a modern literature to speak of prior to the 1570s, and detailed critical commentaries on modern authors did not begin to appear until the reign of Charles I. The facts about his reputation must be surmised from fragmentary evidence. He was included in some contemporary lists of leading poets, but he seems to have lacked the stature of the aristocratic Philip Sidney, who became a cult figure due to his death in battle at a young ...

See also:

Shakespeare's reputation, Shakespeare's reputation - 17th century, Shakespeare's reputation - 18th century, Shakespeare's reputation - Britain, Shakespeare's reputation - Elsewhere in Europe, Shakespeare's reputation - 19th century, Shakespeare's reputation - Shakespeare in performance, Shakespeare's reputation - Shakespeare in criticism, Shakespeare's reputation - 20th century, Shakespeare's reputation - Film, Shakespeare's reputation - Poetry, Shakespeare's reputation - Critical quotations

Read more here: » Shakespeare's reputation: Encyclopedia II - Shakespeare's reputation - 17th century