Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. 1868 - Events. 1868 - January—April. January 3 - Meiji Emperor declares "Meiji Restoration", his own restoration to full power, against the supporters of the Tokugawa Shogun ...

Including:

1868 - Events
1868 - January—April 1868 - May—August 1868 - September—December 1868 - Unknown dates
1868 - Births 1868 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1868: Encyclopedia - 1868

See also:

1868, 1868 - Events, 1868 - January—April, 1868 - May—August, 1868 - September—December, 1868 - Unknown dates, 1868 - Births, 1868 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1868: Encyclopedia II - 1868 - Events

1868 in rail transport - May births. May 26 - Richard Edward Lloyd Maunsell, Chief mechanical engineer for the Southern Railway 1923–1937 (d. 1944). ...

See also:

1868 in rail transport, 1868 in rail transport - Events, 1868 in rail transport - January events, 1868 in rail transport - May events, 1868 in rail transport - July events, 1868 in rail transport - August events, 1868 in rail transport - September events, 1868 in rail transport - October events, 1868 in rail transport - Unknown date events, 1868 in rail transport - Births, 1868 in rail transport - May births, 1868 in rail transport - Deaths

Read more here: » 1868 in rail transport: Encyclopedia II - 1868 in rail transport - Births

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. 1868 - Events. January 3 - Meiji Emperor declares "Meiji Restoration", his own restoration to full power, against the supporters of the Tokugawa Shogunate. January 6 - Asa Mercer and numb ...

Including:

1868 - Events
1868 - May—August 1868 - September—December 1868 - Unknown dates
1868 - Births 1868 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1868: Encyclopedia - 1868

1868 in rail transport - January events. January 1 - Construction begins on the Colorado and Clear Creek Railroad mainline that will connect Denver to Golden, Colorado. January 3 - The Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids Railroad is incorporated in Michigan. January 14 - The Colorado and Clear Creek Railroad officially changes its name to Colorado Central Railroad. 1868 in rail transport - May events. May - The Denver Pacific Railway is formed to build a railroad connection betwee ...

See also:

1868 in rail transport, 1868 in rail transport - Events, 1868 in rail transport - January events, 1868 in rail transport - May events, 1868 in rail transport - July events, 1868 in rail transport - August events, 1868 in rail transport - September events, 1868 in rail transport - October events, 1868 in rail transport - Unknown date events, 1868 in rail transport - Births, 1868 in rail transport - May births, 1868 in rail transport - Deaths

Read more here: » 1868 in rail transport: Encyclopedia II - 1868 in rail transport - Events

The history of Carlism can be usefully divided into three different stages. (The dates are only approximative, thus the overlap is intentional) (1833-1876), where the conquest of power was tried mainly by military means (1868-1936), where Carlism reverted into a peaceful political movement (1931-) From the Spanish Civil War till now. Last bloom and decadence < ...

See also:

Carlism, Carlism - The Origins, Carlism - The dynastic issue, Carlism - The political landscape at the death of Fernando VII, Carlism - Social and economical factors, Carlism - History of Carlism, Carlism - Carlists at war 1833-1876, Carlism - Carlists in peace 1868-1936, Carlism - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, Carlism - Carlism after the Spanish Civil War 1937-, Carlism - Pretenders to the throne, Carlism - Carlos V Maria Isidro, Carlism - Carlos VI Luis, Carlism - Juan III, Carlism - Carlos VII Maria de los Dolores, Carlism - Jaime III, Carlism - Alfonso Carlos, Carlism - Late Pretenders, Carlism - Carlist ideological landscape, Carlism - Dios Patria Fueros Rey, Carlism - Carlist Supporters, Carlism - Offshots and influence, Carlism - Carlist symbols, Carlism - Carlism related words, Carlism - Carlism and Literature, Carlism - Note, Carlism - On line references, Carlism - Basic Bibliography

Read more here: » Carlism: Encyclopedia II - Carlism - History of Carlism

Carlism - The dynastic issue. 13th May 1713, Felipe V of Spain, first of the Spanish Bourbons, through an "Auto Acordado" changes the traditional order of succession to the Spanish crown, dating from the Kingdom of Castile, to a "semi-Salic" system as in France, thereby limiting inheritance rights to his male descendants, and only through the female line in absence of any male heir on any line. 1789, Carlos IV of Spain approves in Cortes a reversal to the Siete Partidas order of successi ...

See also:

Carlism, Carlism - The Origins, Carlism - The dynastic issue, Carlism - The political landscape at the death of Fernando VII, Carlism - Social and economical factors, Carlism - History of Carlism, Carlism - Carlists at war 1833-1876, Carlism - Carlists in peace 1868-1936, Carlism - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, Carlism - Carlism after the Spanish Civil War 1937-, Carlism - Pretenders to the throne, Carlism - Carlos V Maria Isidro, Carlism - Carlos VI Luis, Carlism - Juan III, Carlism - Carlos VII Maria de los Dolores, Carlism - Jaime III, Carlism - Alfonso Carlos, Carlism - Late Pretenders, Carlism - Carlist ideological landscape, Carlism - Dios Patria Fueros Rey, Carlism - Carlist Supporters, Carlism - Offshots and influence, Carlism - Carlist symbols, Carlism - Carlism related words, Carlism - Carlism and Literature, Carlism - Note, Carlism - On line references, Carlism - Basic Bibliography

Read more here: » Carlism: Encyclopedia II - Carlism - The Origins

Carlism is a conservative, legitimist political movement in Spain seeking, among other things, the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne. An exceptionally long-lived movement, it was a significant player in Spanish politics from 1833 until the demise of Franco's regime in 1977. During those years, it was the cause of several major civil wars during the 19th century, and an important factor during the most recent Spanish Civil War. Even today, many Carlists remain politically active, though they a ...

Including:

Carlism - The Origins
Carlism - The dynastic issue Carlism - The political landscape at the death of Fernando VII Carlism - Social and economical factors
Carlism - History of Carlism
Carlism - Carlists at war 1833-1876 Carlism - Carlists in peace 1868-1936 Carlism - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939 Carlism - Carlism after the Spanish Civil War 1937-
Carlism - Pretenders to the throne
Carlism - Carlos V Maria Isidro Carlism - Carlos VI Luis Carlism - Juan III Carlism - Carlos VII Maria de los Dolores Carlism - Jaime III Carlism - Alfonso Carlos Carlism - Late Pretenders
Carlism - Carlist ideological landscape
Carlism - Dios Patria Fueros Rey Carlism - Carlist Supporters Carlism - Offshots and influence
Carlism - Carlist symbols
Carlism - Carlism related words
Carlism - Carlism and Literature Carlism - Note Carlism - On line references Carlism - Basic Bibliography

Read more here: » Carlism: Encyclopedia - Carlism

Carlism - Carlos V Maria Isidro. (Aranjuez, 29 March 1788 - Trieste, 10 March 1855). Also known as Count of Molina. Pretender from 1833 to 1845. Head of the party during the First Carlist War. Abdicated Carlism - Carlos VI Luis. Son of the former (Madrid, 31 January 1818 - Trieste, 13 January 1861). Also known as Count of Montemolín. Pretender from 1845 to 1860. Abdicated, following their capture by Isabeline forces, in Torto ...

See also:

Carlism, Carlism - The Origins, Carlism - The dynastic issue, Carlism - The political landscape at the death of Fernando VII, Carlism - Social and economical factors, Carlism - History of Carlism, Carlism - Carlists at war 1833-1876, Carlism - Carlists in peace 1868-1936, Carlism - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, Carlism - Carlism after the Spanish Civil War 1937-, Carlism - Pretenders to the throne, Carlism - Carlos V Maria Isidro, Carlism - Carlos VI Luis, Carlism - Juan III, Carlism - Carlos VII Maria de los Dolores, Carlism - Jaime III, Carlism - Alfonso Carlos, Carlism - Late Pretenders, Carlism - Carlist ideological landscape, Carlism - Dios Patria Fueros Rey, Carlism - Carlist Supporters, Carlism - Offshots and influence, Carlism - Carlist symbols, Carlism - Carlism related words, Carlism - Carlism and Literature, Carlism - Note, Carlism - On line references, Carlism - Basic Bibliography

Read more here: » Carlism: Encyclopedia II - Carlism - Pretenders to the throne

Carlism or "Traditionalism" (as is also called) can be labeled as a "counter-revolutionary" movement. Basically, its intellectual landscape was a reaction against the basic tenets of the Enlightenment, and the French Revolution of 1789 (Laicism, individualism, egalitarianism, rationalism). In this sense, is akin to the French Reactionaries and Edmund Burke's thinking. It's difficult, though, to give an accurate description of Carlist thinking for several reasons: As conservatives, Carlists mistrusted ideology as a politic ...

See also:

Carlism, Carlism - The Origins, Carlism - The dynastic issue, Carlism - The political landscape at the death of Fernando VII, Carlism - Social and economical factors, Carlism - History of Carlism, Carlism - Carlists at war 1833-1876, Carlism - Carlists in peace 1868-1936, Carlism - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, Carlism - Carlism after the Spanish Civil War 1937-, Carlism - Pretenders to the throne, Carlism - Carlos V Maria Isidro, Carlism - Carlos VI Luis, Carlism - Juan III, Carlism - Carlos VII Maria de los Dolores, Carlism - Jaime III, Carlism - Alfonso Carlos, Carlism - Late Pretenders, Carlism - Carlist ideological landscape, Carlism - Dios Patria Fueros Rey, Carlism - Carlist Supporters, Carlism - Offshots and influence, Carlism - Carlist symbols, Carlism - Carlism related words, Carlism - Carlism and Literature, Carlism - Note, Carlism - On line references, Carlism - Basic Bibliography

Read more here: » Carlism: Encyclopedia II - Carlism - Carlist ideological landscape

Carlism - Carlism related words. Bergara/Vergara was the place of the Abrazo de Bergara, which ended the first Carlist war. Brigadas de Navarra the requeté units formed in Navarre at the start of the Spanish Civil War. They saw intensive action during the War. detente bala ("Stop bullet!") a small patch with an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus worn on the uniform (over the heart) by most requetés margaritas. Carlist women working as war nurses. ...

See also:

Carlism, Carlism - The Origins, Carlism - The dynastic issue, Carlism - The political landscape at the death of Fernando VII, Carlism - Social and economical factors, Carlism - History of Carlism, Carlism - Carlists at war 1833-1876, Carlism - Carlists in peace 1868-1936, Carlism - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, Carlism - Carlism after the Spanish Civil War 1937-, Carlism - Pretenders to the throne, Carlism - Carlos V Maria Isidro, Carlism - Carlos VI Luis, Carlism - Juan III, Carlism - Carlos VII Maria de los Dolores, Carlism - Jaime III, Carlism - Alfonso Carlos, Carlism - Late Pretenders, Carlism - Carlist ideological landscape, Carlism - Dios Patria Fueros Rey, Carlism - Carlist Supporters, Carlism - Offshots and influence, Carlism - Carlist symbols, Carlism - Carlism related words, Carlism - Carlism and Literature, Carlism - Note, Carlism - On line references, Carlism - Basic Bibliography

Read more here: » Carlism: Encyclopedia II - Carlism - Carlist symbols

The liberal Spanish journalist Mariano José de Larra opposed Carlism and published several lampoons against it. Nadie pase sin hablar al portero (1833) presents Carlists as a bunch of bandit priests. Karl Marx mentioned the Carlists in his articles about the Spanish revolutions. A fake quotation can be found among Spanish historians, where Marx would express a view of the Carlists as a revolutionary ...

See also:

Carlism, Carlism - The Origins, Carlism - The dynastic issue, Carlism - The political landscape at the death of Fernando VII, Carlism - Social and economical factors, Carlism - History of Carlism, Carlism - Carlists at war 1833-1876, Carlism - Carlists in peace 1868-1936, Carlism - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939, Carlism - Carlism after the Spanish Civil War 1937-, Carlism - Pretenders to the throne, Carlism - Carlos V Maria Isidro, Carlism - Carlos VI Luis, Carlism - Juan III, Carlism - Carlos VII Maria de los Dolores, Carlism - Jaime III, Carlism - Alfonso Carlos, Carlism - Late Pretenders, Carlism - Carlist ideological landscape, Carlism - Dios Patria Fueros Rey, Carlism - Carlist Supporters, Carlism - Offshots and influence, Carlism - Carlist symbols, Carlism - Carlism related words, Carlism - Carlism and Literature, Carlism - Note, Carlism - On line references, Carlism - Basic Bibliography

Read more here: » Carlism: Encyclopedia II - Carlism - Carlism and Literature

He served as Trustee of the Boston Public Library, 1867-1868, and Superintendent, 1868-1877. In 1877 he was appointed Librarian of Harvard University and served there until his death. Winsor is a member of the Library Hall of Fame. He was a founder of the American Library Association and of the Library Journal. He served as president of the ALA from 1876 through 1885. The Library History Round Table of that organization awards the Justin Winsor Prize, established in 19 ...

See also:

Justin Winsor, Justin Winsor - Writer and Editor, Justin Winsor - Librarian, Justin Winsor - Historian

Read more here: » Justin Winsor: Encyclopedia II - Justin Winsor - Librarian

He was a Director of the Western Union Telegraph Company, which had been co-founded by his father, from 1868 to 1876 and was its Vice President from 1870 to 1876. He was the Republican nominee for lieutenant governor of New York in 1868, but was defeated. He was appointed by President Grant to be the surveyor of customs in New York City. From 1870 to 1878 he was chairman of the state Republican Party. He joined the state assembly in 1873 and became Speaker. He was influential at the Republican national convention in th ...

See also:

Alonzo B. Cornell, Alonzo B. Cornell - Early years, Alonzo B. Cornell - Career, Alonzo B. Cornell - Death and burial

Read more here: » Alonzo B. Cornell: Encyclopedia II - Alonzo B. Cornell - Career

Takasugi Shinsaku, a central figure of Japan’s Meiji Restoration in 1867 and 1868, which became the starting point for Japan’s modernization and Japan’s rise to a major power in East Asia, is as well-known for his military talents as he is for his skills as an able politician. Dying at the young age of 28, Takasugi was not to become one of Japan’s famous leaders in the Meiji era (1868-1912). However, in his hometown - the castle town Hagi in western Japan - he is still remembered as a mystical and energetic hero, who put all his effo ...

See also:

Takasugi Shinsaku, Takasugi Shinsaku - Early Life, Takasugi Shinsaku - Kiheitai, Takasugi Shinsaku - Death

Read more here: » Takasugi Shinsaku: Encyclopedia II - Takasugi Shinsaku - Early Life

Bayard died March 4, 1868 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and is buried in the Wilmington and Brandywine Cemetery, in Wilmington. He was the second of five Bayards to serve in the United States Senate. ...

See also:

Richard H. Bayard, Richard H. Bayard - Early life and family, Richard H. Bayard - Political career, Richard H. Bayard - Death and legacy, Richard H. Bayard - Additions and questions, Richard H. Bayard - Places with more information

Read more here: » Richard H. Bayard: Encyclopedia II - Richard H. Bayard - Death and legacy

Farrer was born at Docker, Westmorland in the English north west (now Cumbria). He was awarded a scholarship to Christ's Hospital, London where he won honours for mathematics. After education at the University of Cambridge, finishing in 1868, he emigrated to Australia in 1870. He did this for health reasons - he had been diagnosed as having consumption. Australia's climate was more suited for his condition, and he had friends at P ...

See also:

William Farrer, William Farrer - Early Years, William Farrer - Lambrigg Experiments, William Farrer - Death and aftermath

Read more here: » William Farrer: Encyclopedia II - William Farrer - Early Years

The first settlement of the area occurred in 1864 with the opening of a silver mine. The area was abandoned for a short time due to hostile Indians. It was reorganized in 1868, and François Pioche bought the town in 1869. By the early 1870s, it had grown to become one of the most important silver-mining towns in Nevada. The town had a reputation for being one of the roughest towns in the Old West. Local lore says 75 men were killed in gunfights before the first natural death occurred in the camp. This legend is immortalized by the creation ...

See also:

Pioche Nevada, Pioche Nevada - History, Pioche Nevada - Landmarks and attractions

Read more here: » Pioche Nevada: Encyclopedia II - Pioche Nevada - History

Sheppard was born in Liverpool, England, to Scottish parents. Officially, her name was Catherine Wilson Malcolm, although she generally preferred to spell her given name "Katherine", or abbreviate it to "Kate". She received a good education, and was noted for her intellectual ability. In 1868, several years after the death of her father, Sheppard was brought by her mother to Christchurch, Three years later, she married Wal ...

See also:

Kate Sheppard, Kate Sheppard - Early life, Kate Sheppard - Women's suffrage movement, Kate Sheppard - National Council of Women, Kate Sheppard - Later life

Read more here: » Kate Sheppard: Encyclopedia II - Kate Sheppard - Early life

Born on December 12th, 1863, Løten, Norway, Munch grew up in Christiania (now Oslo). He was related to painter Jacob Munch (1776 – 1839) and historian Peter Andreas Munch (1810 – 1863). After the death of his mother, Laura Cathrine Bjølstad, of tuberculosis in 1868, Munch was raised by his father, Christian Munch, until 1889 when his father died. Christian Munch instilled in his children a deep-rooted fear of hell by repeatedly telling them that if they sinned, in any way, they would be doomed to hell without chance of pardon. While Mu ...

See also:

Edvard Munch, Edvard Munch - Biography, Edvard Munch - Frieze of Life — A Poem about Life Love and Death, Edvard Munch - Trivia

Read more here: » Edvard Munch: Encyclopedia II - Edvard Munch - Biography