184 BC

Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC - 180s BC - 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC Years: 189 BC 188 BC 187 BC 186 BC 185 BC - 184 BC - 183 BC 182 BC 181 BC 180 BC 179 BC Events Cato the Elder is elected censor along with Lucius Valerius Flaccus, and initiates a number of unpopular reforms and crackdowns. He expels seven members of the Senate; one of them, a Manilius, for having "embraced his wife" durin ...

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Boii is the Roman name of three ancient Celtic tribes, living in Transalpine Gaul (modern France), Cisalpine Gaul (northern Italy), and Bohemia, Moravia and western Slovakia. The European region of Bohemia owes its name to the Boii. Historians in the 19th and earlier 20th centuries also sometimes linked the Boii to the origins of the Bavarians (Lat. Baioari), although that particular link is seldom accepted today. Despite the derivation of the name, the ancient Boii should neither be confused with the present-day ...

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The Vision of a Knight or The Dream is an egg tempera painting on poplar by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael, finished in 1504. It is housed at the National Gallery in London. The theme is controversial. Some authorities intend the sleeping knight to represent the Roman general Scipio Africanus (236 - 184 BC) who was dreaming to choose between Virtue (behind whom is a steep and rocky path) and Pleasure (in looser robes). However, the two feminine figures are not presented as contestants. They may represent the idea ...

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Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC - 180s BC - 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC Years: 190 BC 189 BC 188 BC 187 BC 186 BC - 185 BC - 184 BC 183 BC 182 BC 181 BC 180 BC 185 BC - Events. Pusyamitra Sunga assassinates the Mauryan emperor Brhadrata, bringing an end to that dynasty and founding the Sunga dynasty. Persecution of Scipio Africanus Major by Cato the elder out of jealous ...

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• 185 BC - Events
• 185 BC - Births
• 185 BC - Deaths

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Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. It is meant to incapacitate or kill an adversary. The creation and stockpiling of biological weapons is outlawed by the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, signed by over 100 states, because a successful attack could conceivably result in thousands, possibly even millions, of deaths and could cause severe disruptions to societies and economies. Oddly ...

Including:

• Biological warfare - History
• Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics
• Biological warfare - Attacking Crops & Animals
• Biological warfare - Protective measures
• Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance
• Biological warfare - Examples of biological warfare
• Biological warfare - 1984 Rajneeshee salmonella attack
• Biological warfare - 2001 anthrax attack

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Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC - 180s BC - 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC Years: 192 BC 191 BC 190 BC 189 BC 188 BC - 187 BC - 186 BC 185 BC 184 BC 183 BC 182 BC 187 BC - Events. In Rome, tribunes demand that Lucius Cornelius Scipio explain what happened to the 500 talents (around $300,000) that he received from Antiochus III the Great after the Battle of Magnesia, but Scipio refuses. 187 BC - Deaths. ...

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• 187 BC - Events
• 187 BC - Deaths

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The Latin word basilica (derived from Greek basiliké stoà, royal stoa), was originally used to describe a Roman public building (as in Greece, mainly a tribunal), usually located at the centre of a Roman town (forum). In Hellenistic cities, public basilicas appeared in the 2nd century BC. After the Roman Empire became officially Christian, the term came by extension to refer to a large, and important church that has been given special ceremonial rights by the Pope, and thus the word retains two senses today, in ...

Including:

• Basilica - The basilica in architecture
• Basilica - Basilicas in the Roman Forum
• Basilica - Palace basilicas
• Basilica - Christianising the basilica
• Basilica - Architecture: external reference
• Basilica - Reference
• Basilica - The ecclesiastic basilica
• Basilica - Major Basilicas
• Basilica - Minor Basilicas
• Basilica - Oratory

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Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC - 180s BC - 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC Years: 193 BC 192 BC 191 BC 190 BC 189 BC - 188 BC - 187 BC 186 BC 185 BC 184 BC 183 BC Events In Italy, foundation of the city of Forlì Residents of Fundi, Formiae, and Arpinum gain Roman citizenship. According to Livy, Paculla Annia - the leader of the Bacchus cult - allowed men to participate in Bacch ...

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Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC - 180s BC - 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC Years: 191 BC 190 BC 189 BC 188 BC 187 BC - 186 BC - 185 BC 184 BC 183 BC 182 BC 181 BC Events The Roman Senate passes a law (the Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus) prohibiting Bacchanalia -- or the worship of Bacchus -- except under certain circumstances that required the approval of the Senate. The decree proves ineffective. Eumenes II of Pergamum defeated Prusias I of Bithynia

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Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC - 180s BC - 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC Years: 188 BC 187 BC 186 BC 185 BC 184 BC - 183 BC - 182 BC 181 BC 180 BC 179 BC 178 BC Events A Roman colony is established at Mutina (later Modena) in northern Italy. Hannibal, the great Carthaginian general, commits suicide at the court Prusia I, the ...

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Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC - 170s BC - 150s BC140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC Years: 184 BC 183 BC 182 BC 181 BC 180 BC - 179 BC - 178 BC 177 BC 176 BC 175 BC 174 BC Events Praetor Lucius Postumius Albinus celebrates in Rome a triumph on Lusitani. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus becomes both censor and princeps senatus. Emmenes II of Pergamum defeated Pharnaces I of Pontus Wars ended in Spain by the campaigns and peace settl ...

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Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC 190s BC - 180s BC - 150s BC 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC Years: 185 BC 184 BC 183 BC 182 BC 181 BC - 180 BC - 179 BC 178 BC 177 BC 176 BC 175 BC Birth Death Empress Dowager Lü, de facto ruler of the Han dynasty. Pantaleon, probable son and co-ruler of Deme ...

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How Liu Ying's childhood was like is not completely clear. What is known is that he was not his father Liu Bang's oldest son -- that would be Liu Fei, who would later be created the Prince of Qi. However, Liu Ying was considered to be the proper heir because his mother, the later Empress Lü, was Liu Bang's wife, while Liu Fei's mother was either a concubine or a mistress. What is also known is that during Chu Han Contention, when Liu Bang fought a five-year war with Xiang Yu for supremacy over the Chinese world, his mother, his siste ...

See also:

Emperor Hui of Han, Emperor Hui of Han - Early life and years as crown prince, Emperor Hui of Han - Reign as emperor, Emperor Hui of Han - Marriage and children, Emperor Hui of Han - Personal information

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Empress Dowager Lü quickly exerted even more influence on the reign of her son than even she did as empress. The first targets that she had were Consort Qi and Prince Ruyi (who by then had gone to his Principality of Zhao, in modern central Hebei). She placed Consort Qi in prisoner clothes and stock and forced her to conduct hard labor -- grinding rice. She also summoned Prince Ruyi to the capital, intending to kill them together. Prince Ruyi's prime minister Zhou Chang (周昌), whom Empress Dowager Lü respected because of his stern oppos ...

See also:

Empress Lü Zhi, Empress Lü Zhi - Family background and marriage to Liu Bang, Empress Lü Zhi - Life during Chu Han Contention, Empress Lü Zhi - As empress, Empress Lü Zhi - As empress dowager, Empress Lü Zhi - As grand empress dowager, Empress Lü Zhi - Death, Empress Lü Zhi - Personal information

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History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominations< ...

See also:

Basilica, Basilica - The basilica in architecture, Basilica - Basilicas in the Roman Forum, Basilica - Palace basilicas, Basilica - Christianising the basilica, Basilica - Architecture: external reference, Basilica - Reference, Basilica - The ecclesiastic basilica, Basilica - Major Basilicas, Basilica - Minor Basilicas, Basilica - Oratory

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There were three of four major branches of the Claudian gens at the end of the Republic. Those with the cognomen Nero were prominent patrician senators during the late Republic; they favoured the praenomen Tiberius. However, the Neros joined the gens Julia when Tiberius Claudius Nero, the son of another Ti. Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla (herself a Claudian Nero through her father Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus) was adopted ...

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Claudius gens, Claudius gens - Gens Claudia branches, Claudius gens - Notable members of the gens Claudia

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History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity of God God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit Christian theology Christian Church Christian worship Grace Salvation Sermon on the Mount The Ten Commandments The Christian Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha Christian denominations Catholicism Orthodox Christia ...

See also:

Basilica, Basilica - The basilica in architecture, Basilica - Basilicas in the Roman Forum, Basilica - Palace basilicas, Basilica - Christianising the basilica, Basilica - Architecture: external reference, Basilica - Reference, Basilica - The ecclesiastic basilica, Basilica - Major Basilicas, Basilica - Minor Basilicas, Basilica - Oratory

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When Emperor Hui died in autumn 188 BC, his son (but this parentage is disputed) Liu Gong ascended to the throne as Emperor Qianshao. However, there was not even any pretention that he was the one in charge; Emperor Hui's mother Empress Dowager Lü (now Grand Empress Dowager Lü) was the one who pubicly and actually controlled the political power. In winter 188 BC, Grand Empress Dowager Lü wanted to make her brothers princes, against her husband Liu Bang (Emperor Gao)'s rule that only members of the imperial Liu clan may be made prin ...

See also:

Lü Clan Disturbance, Lü Clan Disturbance - Emperor Hui's death and total domination of the political scene by Grand Empress Dowager Lü, Lü Clan Disturbance - The death of Grand Empress Dowager Lü, Lü Clan Disturbance - The coup d'etat against the Lüs and their total destruction, Lü Clan Disturbance - Emperor Wen's ascension to the throne, Lü Clan Disturbance - Impact on history

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The use of biological agents is not new, but before the 20th century, biological warfare took three main forms: deliberate poisoning of food and water with infectious material use of microorganisms, toxins or animals, living or dead, in a weapon system use of biologically inoculated fabrics Biological warfare has been practised repeatedly throughout history. During the 6th Century B.C., the Assyrians poisoned enemy wells with a fungus that would make the enemy delusional. In 184 BC, Hannibal of Carthage had clay pots filled with poisonous snakes and instructed his soldiers to thr ...

See also:

Biological warfare, Biological warfare - History, Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics, Biological warfare - Attacking crops and animals, Biological warfare - Protective measures, Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance

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Asymmetric · Attrition · Conventional · Ground · Guerrilla · Fortification · Maneuver · Naval · Network-centric · Siege · Total · Trench · Unconventional The use of biological agents is not new, but before the 20th century, biological warfare took three main forms: deliberate poisoning of food and water with infectious material use of microorganisms, toxins or animals, living or dead, in a weapon system