1914 (MCMXIV) is a common year starting on Thursday. (see link for calendar) 1914 - Events. January 4 - 77 seal hunters freeze to death on ice near Labrador. January 5 - Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and a minimum wage of $5 for a day's labor. January 9 - Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. founded at Howard University in Washington, D.C. January 10 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa's troops take Ojinaga in the Mexican state of ChihuahuaIncluding:

• 1914 - Events
• 1914 - May-July
• 1914 - August
• 1914 - September-October
• 1914 - November-December
• 1914 - Unknown dates
• 1914 - Ongoing events
• 1914 - Births
• 1914 - January-February
• 1914 - March-April
• 1914 - May-June
• 1914 - July-September
• 1914 - October-December
• 1914 - Deaths
• 1914 - Nobel Prizes
• 1914 - Fictional references

Read more here: » 1914: Encyclopedia - 1914

The modern science of cognitive neuropsychology emerged during the 1960s. However there have been a series of influential studies during the last two centuries which have been critical in laying the foundations for studying brain impairment with a view to understanding normal psychological function. The case of Phineas Gage is one of the earliest examples where a specific brain injury gave clues to the function of a particular brain area. Gage obtained his injury after an accident during the construction of part of a railroad in 1848 ...

See also:

Cognitive neuropsychology, Cognitive neuropsychology - History, Cognitive neuropsychology - Methods

Read more here: » Cognitive neuropsychology: Encyclopedia II - Cognitive neuropsychology - History

Note that historical confederations, especially those that predate the 20th century, may not fit the current definition of a confederation and may show some qualities that are today recognized as those of a federation. Crown of Aragon (1137–1716) Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) (different governments, armies, treasuries, laws, territories with borders, citizenships; common monarch (Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland), parliament (Seimas,Sejm) and currency) Switzerland (1291–1848) < ...

See also:

Confederation, Confederation - Confederation vs. federation, Confederation - Confederation as an event, Confederation - Confederation day, Confederation - List of entities considered to be confederations, Confederation - Fictional confederations

Read more here: » Confederation: Encyclopedia II - Confederation - List of entities considered to be confederations

Carl Stumpf (21 April 1848 - 25 December 1936) was a philosopher and psychologist. He studied with Franz Brentano and Rudolf Hermann Lotze. He had an important influence on Edmund Husserl, the founder of modern phenomenology, Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka, co-founders of Gestalt psychology, as well as the renowned Austrian novelist Robert Musil who was his doctoral student. Stumpf is also credited with the introduction in current philosophy of the concept of state of affairs (Sachverhalt), which was la ...

Read more here: » Carl Stumpf: Encyclopedia - Carl Stumpf

Carlo Lorenzini (November 24, 1826 - October 26, 1890), better known as Carlo Collodi, or simply Collodi, was an Italian writer and journalist. His pseudonym, which he used from 1856 onwards, is the name of the Tuscan village where his mother, Angela Orzali, was born. Collodi himself was born and died in Florence. Best known as the creator of Pinocchio, Lorenzini wrote many more novels and comedies. During the Wars of Independence in 1848 and 1860 he served as a volunteer with the Tuscan army. His active in ...

Read more here: » Carlo Collodi: Encyclopedia - Carlo Collodi

Carlism is a conservative, legitimist political movement in Spain seeking, among other things, the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne. An exceptionally long-lived movement, it was a significant player in Spanish politics from 1833 until the demise of Franco's regime in 1977. During those years, it was the cause of several major civil wars during the 19th century, and an important factor during the most recent Spanish Civil War. Even today, many Carlists remain politically active, though they a ...

Including:

• Carlism - The Origins
• Carlism - The dynastic issue
• Carlism - The political landscape at the death of Fernando VII
• Carlism - Social and economical factors
• Carlism - History of Carlism
• Carlism - Carlists at war 1833-1876
• Carlism - Carlists in peace 1868-1936
• Carlism - Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
• Carlism - Carlism after the Spanish Civil War 1937-
• Carlism - Pretenders to the throne
• Carlism - Carlos V Maria Isidro
• Carlism - Carlos VI Luis
• Carlism - Juan III
• Carlism - Carlos VII Maria de los Dolores
• Carlism - Jaime III
• Carlism - Alfonso Carlos
• Carlism - Late Pretenders
• Carlism - Carlist ideological landscape
• Carlism - Dios Patria Fueros Rey
• Carlism - Carlist Supporters
• Carlism - Offshots and influence
• Carlism - Carlist symbols
• Carlism - Carlism related words
• Carlism - Carlism and Literature
• Carlism - Note
• Carlism - On line references
• Carlism - Basic Bibliography

Read more here: » Carlism: Encyclopedia - Carlism

Male ranges Sopranist Alto Tenor Baritenor Baritone Bass-baritone Bass A castrato is a male soprano, mezzo-soprano, or alto voice produced either by castration of the singer before puberty or who, because of an endocrinological condition, never reaches sexual maturity. Therefore, their voices never deepen. This practice began in the 16th century. Due to Catholicism's traditional ban on females singing in church, castrati were employed as chu ...

Including:

• Castrato - Popular references
• Castrato - Famous castrati
• Castrato - External references

Read more here: » Castrato: Encyclopedia - Castrato

Celluloid is the name of a class of compounds created from nitrocellulose and camphor, plus dyes and other agents, generally regarded to be the first thermoplastic. Easily molded and shaped, there are suggestions that celluloid was first made as an ivory replacement. Celluloid is highly flammable and also easily decomposes, and is no longer widely used. Celluloid - Nitrocellulose. Nitrocellulose-based plastics slightly predate celluloid: collodion, invented in 1848 and used as a wound dressing and emulsion ...

Including:

• Celluloid - Nitrocellulose
• Celluloid - Alexander Parkes
• Celluloid - Daniel Spill
• Celluloid - John Wesley and Isaiah Hyatt
• Celluloid - Trademark
• Celluloid - Photography
• Celluloid - Discontinuation
• Celluloid - Formulation

Read more here: » Celluloid: Encyclopedia - Celluloid

Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz (June 1, 1780 - November 16, 1831) was a Prussian general and influential military theorist. He is most famous for his military treatise Vom Krieg, translated into English as On War. Carl von Clausewitz - Life and Times of Carl von Clausewitz. Carl von Clauswitz was born in Magdeburg, Prussia in 1780, of Polish descent. Clausewitz's father was an officer in the Prussian Army; Carl entered the Prussian military service at the age of twelve years, eventually ...

Including:

• Carl von Clausewitz - Life and Times of Carl von Clausewitz
• Carl von Clausewitz - Distinguishing Military Philosophers from Military Systems
• Carl von Clausewitz - Principal ideas
• Carl von Clausewitz - Influence
• Carl von Clausewitz - Name
• Carl von Clausewitz - Notes
• Carl von Clausewitz - Bibliography

Read more here: » Carl von Clausewitz: Encyclopedia - Carl von Clausewitz

Schwyz (German Schwyz) is a canton in central Switzerland between Lake Lucerne in the south and Lake Zurich in the north. In Schwyz, in the Museum of the Swiss Charters (Bundesbriefmuseum) the charter of 1291 is on display. North east of the town of Schwyz is the world-famous abbey of Einsiedeln. Brunnen is located on Lake Lucerne. Canton of Schwyz - Geography. The canton of Schwyz is located in central Switzerland. The river Sihl and the smaller Muota traverse the canton. ...

Including:

• Canton of Schwyz - Geography
• Canton of Schwyz - History
• Canton of Schwyz - Economy
• Canton of Schwyz - Demographics
• Canton of Schwyz - Districts and municipalities

Read more here: » Canton of Schwyz: Encyclopedia - Canton of Schwyz

Canada This article is part of the series: Politics of Canada Executive The Crown (Queen Elizabeth II) Governor General (Michaëlle Jean) Prime Minister (Paul Martin) Cabinet Legislative Parliament Senate Speaker of the Senate Government Leader in the Senate Opposition Leader in the Senate Canadian Senate divisi ...

Including:

• Parliament of Canada - History
• Parliament of Canada - Composition
• Parliament of Canada - Procedure
• Parliament of Canada - Term
• Parliament of Canada - Legislative functions
• Parliament of Canada - Relationship with the Government
• Parliament of Canada - Powers
• Parliament of Canada - Privileges

Read more here: » Parliament of Canada: Encyclopedia - Parliament of Canada

The California Gold Rush was a period in American history marked by mass hysteria concerning a gold discovery in Northern California. The period is also marked by mass migrations into California by people, almost exclusively men, seeking an easy fortune. Most, however, only found enough gold to barely pay for their daily expenses. The rush started at Sutter's Mill near Coloma, California on January 24, 1848 when James W. Marshall, an employee of Sacramento agriculturist John Sutter, found a gold nugget. Sutter wanted to suppress this ...

Including:

• California Gold Rush - External link

Read more here: » California Gold Rush: Encyclopedia - California Gold Rush

The New Zealand region of Canterbury is mainly composed of the Canterbury Plains and the surrounding mountains. Its main city, Christchurch, is the seat of the Canterbury Regional Council (trading as Environment Canterbury) and host to the University of Canterbury. Canterbury New Zealand - Geography. Canterbury is New Zealand's largest region, with an approximate area of 42,200 km2. The region is bounded in the north by the Conway River and to the west by the Southern Alps. The southern boundary ...

Including:

• Canterbury New Zealand - Geography
• Canterbury New Zealand - Pre-European History
• Canterbury New Zealand - 1769 - 1850
• Canterbury New Zealand - Colonisation
• Canterbury New Zealand - The Province of Canterbury
• Canterbury New Zealand - Superintendents
• Canterbury New Zealand - Terminology

Read more here: » Canterbury New Zealand: Encyclopedia - Canterbury New Zealand

Lucerne (German Luzern) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the centre of Switzerland. The population is 350,600 (as of 2001). The cantonal capital is Lucerne. Canton of Lucerne - Geography. The canton of Lucerne is located in the centre of Switzerland. It is drained by the river Reuss and the river Kleine Emme. The lands of the canton lie on the northern foothills of the Swiss Alps. The highest elevation of the canton of Lucerne is at the Brienzer Rothorn at 2,35 ...

Including:

• Canton of Lucerne - Geography
• Canton of Lucerne - History
• Canton of Lucerne - Economy
• Canton of Lucerne - Demographics
• Canton of Lucerne - Districts
• Canton of Lucerne - Municipalities

Read more here: » Canton of Lucerne: Encyclopedia - Canton of Lucerne

Zug (-German; French: Zoug; Italian: Zugo) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland. It is located in central Switzerland and its capital is Zug. The canton of Zug is one of the smallest cantons, both in size and population, its total area is only 239 km². Canton of Zug - Geography. The canton of Zug is located in central Switzerland. The canton of Lucerne and Canton of Aargau lie to its west. To the north, the canton is bond by the Canton of Zurich, whereas to the west an ...

Including:

• Canton of Zug - Geography
• Canton of Zug - History
• Canton of Zug - Transport
• Canton of Zug - Demographics
• Canton of Zug - Economy
• Canton of Zug - Administration
• Canton of Zug - Municipalities

Read more here: » Canton of Zug: Encyclopedia - Canton of Zug

The twenty-six cantons of Switzerland are the states of the federal state of Switzerland. Historically and until the mid-19th century, each canton in the then-confederation was a sovereign state, with its own borders, army, and currency; the current federal structure was established in 1848. During the sixteenth century, the Swiss Confederation was composed of thirteen self-governed states. These states were called cantons, and there were two different kinds of cantons: the six forest cantons and seven urban cantons. Though the ...

Including:

• Cantons of Switzerland - List and map
• Cantons of Switzerland - Names in other languages

Read more here: » Cantons of Switzerland: Encyclopedia - Cantons of Switzerland

Cape Agulhas is the geographic southern tip of the African continent. The name, Portuguese for needles, refers to the rocks and reefs that have wrecked many ships – because of these hazards, a lighthouse was built in 1848. It is an unspectacular rocky beach, and were it not for a survey marker indicating the spot, the very gradual curving of the coastline would make identification of the actual tip quite difficult. It is located in a rural area 170 kilometres east, and a little bit south of Cape Town at » Cape Agulhas: Encyclopedia - Cape Agulhas

Chartism is also an alternative term for technical analysis Chartism was a movement for social and political reform in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century. It gains its name from the People's Charter of 1838, which set out the main aims of the movement. Chartism - Origin. Chartism followed earlier Radical movements which demanded a widening of the franchise, and came after the passing of the Reform Act 1832, which gave the vote to the majority of the male middle classes, but ...

Including:

• Chartism - Origin
• Chartism - The first wave
• Chartism - The 1848 petition
• Chartism - Legacy

Read more here: » Chartism: Encyclopedia - Chartism

San Francisco's Chinatown is North America's largest Chinatown and the most historic and oldest of Chinatowns. Established in the 1850s, it has been featured in popular culture, such as in film, music, photography, and literature. Chinatown has been experiencing some decline over the years due to the cropping up of newer Chinatown communities in the Richmond and Sunset Districts of San Francisco, possibly from the revitalization of Oakland's Chinatown – only 10 miles away – in recent decades, and from the development of Asi ...

Including:

• Chinatown San Francisco California - Location and sub-areas
• Chinatown San Francisco California - History
• Chinatown San Francisco California - Demographics
• Chinatown San Francisco California - Miscellaneous
• Chinatown San Francisco California - New Chinatowns in the Bay Area

Read more here: » Chinatown San Francisco California: Encyclopedia - Chinatown San Francisco California

Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp (March 19, 1848–January 13, 1929), was a sometime buffalo hunter, officer of the law, gambler, and saloon-keeper in the Wild West and the U.S. mining frontier from California to Alaska. He is best known for his participation in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral along with Doc Holliday, Virgil Earp, and Morgan Earp. Wyatt Earp - Genealogy. Wyatt was born in Monmouth, Illinois, USA to Nicholas Porter Earp (September 6, 1813 in Lincoln County, North Carolina - November 12, 1907 in Sawtel ...

Including:

• Wyatt Earp - Genealogy
• Wyatt Earp - Siblings
• Wyatt Earp - Early life
• Wyatt Earp - Lawman
• Wyatt Earp - Reappearance
• Wyatt Earp - Wichita
• Wyatt Earp - Dodge City
• Wyatt Earp - The “Buntline Special”
• Wyatt Earp - Tombstone
• Wyatt Earp - Gunfight At The O.K. Corral
• Wyatt Earp - From Heroes to Defendants
• Wyatt Earp - Cowboy Revenge
• Wyatt Earp - The Arizona Vendetta
• Wyatt Earp - Life after Tombstone
• Wyatt Earp - Movies and television
• Wyatt Earp - Wyatt Earp in fiction
• Wyatt Earp - Sources

Read more here: » Wyatt Earp: Encyclopedia - Wyatt Earp

Head of state or chief of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office which serves as the chief public representative of monarchic or republican nation-state, federation, commonwealth or any other political state. His or her role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising the political powers, functions and duties granted ...

Including:

• Head of state - Constitutional models
• Head of state - Presidential system
• Head of state - Semi-presidential systems
• Head of state - Parliamentary system
• Head of state - Non-executive heads of state
• Head of state - Complications with categorisation
• Head of state - Roles of the head of state
• Head of state - Symbolic role
• Head of state - Chief diplomatic officer
• Head of state - Chief executive officer
• Head of state - Chief appointments officer
• Head of state - Legislative roles
• Head of state - Supreme commander of the military
• Head of state - Summoning and dissolving the legislature
• Head of state - Other prerogatives
• Head of state - Selection and various types and styles of Heads of state
• Head of state - Legitimacy & Term in office
• Head of state - Absent and Substitute heads of state
• Head of state - Theocratic Ecclesiastic and other Religious states
• Head of state - City states and crowned republics
• Head of state - Multiple or collective Heads of State
• Head of state - Curiosa and residual cases
• Head of state - Former heads of state

Read more here: » Head of state: Encyclopedia - Head of state