1842 births

Arrigo Boito (February 24, 1842 – June 10, 1918) was an Italian poet, novelist and composer, best known today for his opera libretti and his own opera, Mefistofele. Born in Padua, Boito studied music at the Milan Conservatoire. The premiere of his only finished opera, Mefistofele, based on Goethe's Faust, came in 1868. The premiere was badly received, provoking riots and duels over its supposed "Wagnerism", and it was closed by the police after two performances. But Boito's revised and drastically cut ver ...

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Charles Cros (October 1, 1842 - August 9, 1888) was a French poet and inventor. He was born in Fabrezan, Aude, France. Cros was a well regarded poet and humorous writer. He developed various improved methods of photography including an early color photo process. He also invented improvements in telegraph technology. He is perhaps most famous as the man who almost, but not quite, invented the phonograph. In April 1877 he submitted a paper to the Academy of Sciences in Paris suggesting that the vibrations of sound waves co ...

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Charles Lapworth (September 20, 1842 – March 13, 1920) was an English geologist. Born at Faringdon, Berkshire, and trained as a teacher, Lapworth settled in the Scottish border region, where he investigated the previously little-known fossil fauna of the area. He married in 1869 and stayed in the area. Eventually, through patient mapping and innovative use of index fossil analysis, Lapworth showed that what was thought to be a thick sequence of Silurian rocks was in fact a much th ...

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Christoph Blumhardt (1842-1919) was a German Lutheran theologian and one of the founders of Christian Socialism in Germany and Switzerland. He was a well-known preacher. In 1899 he announced his support for socialism and joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany; for this, he lost his position as minister. The next year, he was elected to the state parliament of Württemberg. As the First World War broke out, he declared his belief in a coming Kingdom of God, declaring "we live in the time before a massive change in the world. This d ...

Read more here: » Christoph Blumhardt: Encyclopedia - Christoph Blumhardt

Abd-ul-Hamid II also Abdulhamid, Abdülhamit, Abdul Hamid, Abd al-Hamid II, or Abdul-Hamid (Arabic: عبد الحميد الثاني) (September 21, 1842 – February 10, 1918) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from August 31, 1876 – April 27, 1909. He was the son of Sultan Abd-ul-Mejid, and succeeded to the throne on the deposition of his brother Murad V on August 31, 1876. He accompanied his uncle Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz on his visit to England and France in 1867. At his accession spectator ...

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Sir Alfred Yarrow (1842 – 24 January 1932) started a shipbuilding dynasty from humble origins in east London. He was educated at University College School. After serving an apprenticeship in Stepney, he opened a yard — Yarrow and Hedley (a partnership) — at Folly Wall, Poplar on the Isle of Dogs in 1865 to build steam river launches. He ventured into military vessels from the early 1870s, building torpedo boats for the Argentine and Japanese navies, among other customers. Then in 1892 he built the first two destroyers for the Royal Navy: Havo ...

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George Alexander Kohut (April 22, 1842 – May 25, 1894) was a rabbi and orientalist; born at Felegyhaza, Hungary; died in New York. He belonged to a family of rabbis, the most noted among them being R. Israel Palota, his great-grandfather, R. Amram (called "The Gaon," who died in Safed, Palestine, where he had spent the last years of his life), and R. Chayyim Kitssee, rabbi in Erza, who was his great-granduncle. Th ...

Including:

• Alexander Kohut - Early Training
• Alexander Kohut - Talmud Dictionary
• Alexander Kohut - New York

Read more here: » Alexander Kohut: Encyclopedia - Alexander Kohut

The Ottoman government now viewed the united Germany as a possible future friend of their empire. German officers (like Baron von der Goltz) were employed to oversee the reorganization of his army. German government officials were brought in to reorganize the Ottoman government's finances. Sultan Hamid tried to take more of the reins of power into his own hands, for he rightfully distrusted his ministers. There were many set-backs. Financial embarrassments forced him to consent to a foreign control over the national debt. ...

See also:

Abdul Hamid II, Abdul Hamid II - Early Years, Abdul Hamid II - 30 Years of Failed Reform, Abdul Hamid II - Last Year in Power, Abdul Hamid II - Afterward

Read more here: » Abdul Hamid II: Encyclopedia II - Abdul Hamid II - 30 Years of Failed Reform

The Lady Hope Story first appears in an American Baptist newspaper the Watchman Examiner on August 15, 1915. The author was identified only as a "consecrated English woman", "Lady Hope", but research by L.G. Pine a former editor of Burke's Peerage found no other Lady Hope other than Elizabeth Hope who was adult in the 1880s and still alive in 1915. The article was preceded by a four-page report on a summer Bible conference held in Northfield ...

See also:

Elizabeth Hope, Elizabeth Hope - Biography, Elizabeth Hope - The Lady Hope Story, Elizabeth Hope - Original text of the article, Elizabeth Hope - Denial by Darwin's children, Elizabeth Hope - Subsequent retellings and academic investigation, Elizabeth Hope - Conclusion, Elizabeth Hope - Footnotes

Read more here: » Elizabeth Hope: Encyclopedia II - Elizabeth Hope - The Lady Hope Story

He was born in Copenhagen in a non-orthodox Jewish middle-class family and became a student at the University of Copenhagen in 1859 where he first studied jurisprudence. From this, however, his interests soon turned to philosophy and aesthetics. In 1862 he won the gold medal of the university for an essay on The Idea of Nemesis among the Ancients. Before this, indeed since 1858, he had shown a remarkable gift for verse-writing, the results of which, however, were not abundant enough to justify separate publication. Brandes did not col ...

See also:

Georg Brandes, Georg Brandes - Biography, Georg Brandes - Literature, Georg Brandes - External link

Read more here: » Georg Brandes: Encyclopedia II - Georg Brandes - Biography

He was born in Copenhagen in a non-orthodox Jewish middle-class family and became a student at the University of Copenhagen in 1859 where he first studied jurisprudence. From this, however, his interests soon turned to philosophy and aesthetics. In 1862 he won the gold medal of the university for an essay on The Idea of Nemesis among the Ancients. Before this, indeed since 1858, he had shown a remarkable gift for verse-writing, the results of which, however, were not abundant enough to justify separate publication. Brandes did not col ...

See also:

Georg Brandes, Georg Brandes - Biography, Georg Brandes - Georg Brandes Quotes, Georg Brandes - Literature, Georg Brandes - External link

Read more here: » Georg Brandes: Encyclopedia II - Georg Brandes - Biography

Mary was born to Alexander MacKillop and Flora MacDonald in Fitzroy, Victoria in 1842. The eldest of eight children, she was well educated at the insistence of her father who himself spent a few years studying for the priesthood in Rome before bad health. Alexander eventually migrated to Australia from his native Scotland with his father in 1835. Unfortunately, Alexander lacked financial skills and the family were often destitute, living without a home and rely ...

See also:

Mary MacKillop, Mary MacKillop - Early Life, Mary MacKillop - Legacy, Mary MacKillop - Excommunication, Mary MacKillop - Josephites Expand, Mary MacKillop - Death, Mary MacKillop - Beatification, Mary MacKillop - Other information, Mary MacKillop - Reference, Mary MacKillop - Bibliography

Read more here: » Mary MacKillop: Encyclopedia II - Mary MacKillop - Early Life

Nevin Johnson Custer was born on July 29, 1842 in New Rumley, Ohio to Emanuel and Maria Custer. He was the second of five children. Nevin, or "Nev" as he was called, was a sickly child and never joined the military because of this. He remained a farmer and married Ann North. He died in 1915 in Monroe, Michigan and is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery. ...

See also:

Nevin Custer, Nevin Custer - Life, Nevin Custer - Sources

Read more here: » Nevin Custer: Encyclopedia II - Nevin Custer - Life

Sgt. William H. Carney was the first African American to be awarded the Medal of Honor. Sgt. Carney served with the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry and took part in the July 18, 1863 assault on Fort Wagner in Charleston, South Carolina. He received his medal for saving the American flag and planting it on the parapet and holding it while the troops charged. He was wounded four times, but recognizing the Federal troops had to retreat, under fire, he struggled back across the battlefield, returning the flag to the Union lines. Before turning over the colors he modestly said, "Boys, I only d ...

See also:

William Harvey Carney, William Harvey Carney - Biography, William Harvey Carney - William Harvey Carney in Popular Culture

Read more here: » William Harvey Carney: Encyclopedia II - William Harvey Carney - Biography

Ridley was born in London and educated at Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford. After graduating BA in 1865, he was a Fellow of All Souls for nine years. In 1868, he was elected Conservative Member of Parliament for North Northumberland, and held this seat for seventeen years before being returned as member for the Blackpool Division of North Lancashire in 1886. Having been Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department for two years in Disraeli's administration, Sir Matthew Ridley (as he became when he succeeded his father as fifth b ...

See also:

Matthew White Ridley 1st Viscount Ridley, Matthew White Ridley 1st Viscount Ridley - Biography, Matthew White Ridley 1st Viscount Ridley - Marriage and children

Read more here: » Matthew White Ridley 1st Viscount Ridley: Encyclopedia II - Matthew White Ridley 1st Viscount Ridley - Biography

Kohut's father, Jacob Kohut, was a great linguist, and was well versed in rabbinic literature. He was so poor that he could not afford to send his son to the village school. There being no Hebrew school (cheder) in his native town, Alexander reached his eighth year without having learned even the rudiments of Hebrew or Hungarian. At a very tender age, while selling his mother's tarts in the marketplace, he was kidnaped by Gipsies, because of his extraordinary beauty. His family soon removed to Kecskemet, where Kohut received his first ...

See also:

Alexander Kohut, Alexander Kohut - Early Training, Alexander Kohut - Talmud Dictionary, Alexander Kohut - New York

Read more here: » Alexander Kohut: Encyclopedia II - Alexander Kohut - Early Training

The Ottoman government of Sultan Hamid now viewed the united Germany as a possible friend of the empire. German officers (like Baron von der Goltz) were employed to oversee the reorganization of the Ottoman army. German government officials were brought in to reorganize the Ottoman government's finances. Sultan Hamid tried to take more of the reins of power into his own hands, for he distrusted his ministers. There were many set-backs. Financial embarrassments forced him to consent to a foreign control over the national d ...

See also:

Abdul Hamid II, Abdul Hamid II - Early Years, Abdul Hamid II - 30 Years of Failed Reform, Abdul Hamid II - Last Year in Power, Abdul Hamid II - Afterward

Read more here: » Abdul Hamid II: Encyclopedia II - Abdul Hamid II - 30 Years of Failed Reform

He was born in Copenhagen in a non-orthodox Jewish middle-class family and became a student at the University of Copenhagen in 1859 where he first studied jurisprudence. From this, however, his interests soon turned to philosophy and aesthetics. In 1862 he won the gold medal of the university for an essay on The Idea of Nemesis among the Ancients. Before this, indeed since 1858, he had shown a remarkable gift for verse-writing, the results of which, however, were not abundant enough to justify separate publication. Brandes did not col ...

See also:

Georg Brandes, Georg Brandes - Biography, Georg Brandes - External link

Read more here: » Georg Brandes: Encyclopedia II - Georg Brandes - Biography

In 1871, Mary was wrongly excommunicated by Bishop Sheil, who was against most of the things she had fought for, on the grounds that 'she had incited the sisters to disobedience and defiance'. An Episcopal Commission exonerated her and she was reinstated in St Ignatius Church in 1872. Despite her ordeal, where she could have reserved bitterness towards the church, she never once publicly blamed the church leaders for their actions. ...

See also:

Mary MacKillop, Mary MacKillop - Early Life, Mary MacKillop - Legacy, Mary MacKillop - Excommunication, Mary MacKillop - Josephites Expand, Mary MacKillop - Death, Mary MacKillop - Beatification, Mary MacKillop - Other information, Mary MacKillop - Reference, Mary MacKillop - Bibliography

Read more here: » Mary MacKillop: Encyclopedia II - Mary MacKillop - Excommunication

The conviction that she was a saint grew stronger with the years, but Australia had no experience of how to go about having someone canonized. Eventually in 1925 the Mother General of the congregation, Mother Laurence, was encouraged by the Apostolic Delegate, Archbishop Cattaneo, to take the necessary initiative. Due to countless technical difficulties, it took until 1993 to prove that Mary had been responsible for a miracle. His Holiness Pope John Paul II formally beatified Mary MacKillop on 19 January 1995 at Randwick Racecourse in Sydney. To be canonized, the postulator of the cause m ...

See also:

Mary MacKillop, Mary MacKillop - Early Life, Mary MacKillop - Legacy, Mary MacKillop - Excommunication, Mary MacKillop - Josephites Expand, Mary MacKillop - Death, Mary MacKillop - Beatification, Mary MacKillop - Other information, Mary MacKillop - Reference, Mary MacKillop - Bibliography

Read more here: » Mary MacKillop: Encyclopedia II - Mary MacKillop - Beatification