Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). 1831 - Events. February-March - Revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States are put down by Austrian troops February 14 - Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray and defeats and kills the warlord Sabagadis in the Battle of Debre Abbay. February 20 - Battle of Grochow. Polish rebel forces divide a Russ ...

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1831 - Events 1831 - Births 1831 - Deaths

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1831 in rail transport, 1831 in rail transport - Events, 1831 in rail transport - April events, 1831 in rail transport - June events, 1831 in rail transport - July events, 1831 in rail transport - September events, 1831 in rail transport - November events, 1831 in rail transport - Unknown date events, 1831 in rail transport - Births, 1831 in rail transport - March births, 1831 in rail transport - August births, 1831 in rail transport - Unknown date births, 1831 in rail transport - Deaths

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1831 in rail transport - March births. March - Robert F. Fairlie, Scottish steam locomotive builder (d. 1885).[2] March 3 - George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist, founder of the Pullman Company (d. 1897) 1831 in rail transport - August births. August 26 - T. Jefferson Coolidge, president of Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway 1880–1881 (d. 1920).^{See also:}

1831 in rail transport, 1831 in rail transport - Events, 1831 in rail transport - April events, 1831 in rail transport - June events, 1831 in rail transport - July events, 1831 in rail transport - September events, 1831 in rail transport - November events, 1831 in rail transport - Unknown date events, 1831 in rail transport - Births, 1831 in rail transport - March births, 1831 in rail transport - August births, 1831 in rail transport - Unknown date births, 1831 in rail transport - Deaths

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Christian David Ginsburg (1831-1914), Jewish scholar, was born in Warsaw on 25 December 1831. Coming to England shortly after the completion of his education in the Rabbinic College at Warsaw, Ginsburg continued his study of the Hebrew Scriptures, with special attention to the Megillot. The first result of these studies was a translation of the Song of Songs, with a historical and critical commentary, published in 1857. A similar translation of Ecclesiastes, followed by treatises on the Karaites, the Essene ...

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The Carbonari ("coalmen") were groups of secret revolutionary societies founded in early 19th century Italy, and instrumental in organising revolution in Italy in 1820, 1830–1831 and 1848. They were organised in the fashion of Freemasonry, broken into small cells scattered across Italy. Idealistically, they sought the creation of a liberal, unified Italy through spontaneous rebellion by the working class, led by university students and intellectuals. There was also an anti-c ...

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Emma Hale and her future husband, Joseph Smith, Jr. met in 1825 when Smith boarded with the Hales while he was employed in a company of men hoping to unearth buried treasure. Although the company found no treasure, Smith returned to Harmony several times seeking Emma's hand. Isaac Hale, Emma's father, initially refused to allow the marriage, so the couple eloped across the state line to South Bainbridge, New York and were married on 18 January 1827. The couple initially mov ...

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Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831, Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831 - Joseph Smith as a translator and prophet in New York and Pennsylvania, Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831 - Translating the golden plates and the Book of Mormon, Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831 - Smith organizes the first Latter Day Saint churches, Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831 - Marriage and Family, Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831 - Notes

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The British Association or the British Association for the Advancement of Science or the BA is a learned society with the object of promoting science, directing general attention to scientific matters, and facilitating intercourse between scientific workers. It was founded in 1831 by William Vernon Harcourt, after a suggestion by Sir David Brewster, who was disillusioned with the elitist and conservative attitude of the Royal Society. The first meeting was held in York on September 27 of that yea ...

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Once Smith had the purported Golden Plates, his focus turned to getting the engravings on them translated. To do so, however, he needed money, and at the time he was penniless (Smith 1853). Therefore, Smith sent his mother (Smith 1853, p. 110) to the the home of Martin Harris, a local landowner said at the time to be worth about $8,000 to $10,000 (Howe 1834, p. 260). Harris had apparently been a close confidant of the Smith family since at least 1826 (Howe 1834, pp. 255), and he may have heard about Smith's attempts to obtain the plat ...

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Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831, Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831 - Joseph Smith as a translator and prophet in New York and Pennsylvania, Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831 - Translating the golden plates and the Book of Mormon, Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831 - Smith organizes the first Latter Day Saint churches, Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831 - Marriage and Family, Life of Joseph Smith Jr. from 1827 to 1831 - Notes

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Baldwin built his first locomotive in 1831 based on designs first shown at the Rainhill Trials in England. It was a small demonstration engine that was displayed at Peale's Philadelphia City Museum. The engine was strong enough to pull a few cars that carried four passengers each. This locomotive was unusual for the time in that it burned coal, which was available locally, instead of wood. Baldwin's first railroad commission came in 1832 when his shop was asked to assemble a British-built steam locomotive, named Delaware, for t ...

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Matthias W. Baldwin, Matthias W. Baldwin - Growth and early work: 1795–1832, Matthias W. Baldwin - Locomotive building: 1831–1866, Matthias W. Baldwin - Philanthropy, Matthias W. Baldwin - Patents

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By 1831, the throne had passed to George III's third eldest son, William IV. However William IV had no legitimate children, and given the age of his wife, Queen Adelaide, would unlikely to have any in the future. The heiress presumptive to the throne was his niece, Princess Victoria of Kent, who was only twelve. As Victoria's father was dead, and Parliament mistrusted the younger sons of George III, the Act placed any potential regency caused by the King's death before Victoria ha ...

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Regency Acts, Regency Acts - History, Regency Acts - Regency Act 1728, Regency Acts - Minority of successor to crown Act 1751, Regency Acts - Minority of Heir to the Crown Act 1765, Regency Acts - Regency Bill 1789, Regency Acts - Regency Act 1811, Regency Acts - Regency Act 1831, Regency Acts - Lord Justices Act 1837, Regency Acts - Regency Act 1840, Regency Acts - Regency Act 1910, Regency Acts - Regency Act 1937, Regency Acts - Regency Act 1943, Regency Acts - Regency Act 1953, Regency Acts - Current position

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Darling initiated the construction, from 1826, of the convict-built Great North Road, linking the Hawkesbury settlements around Sydney with those in the Hunter Valley. When Darling was commissioned as Governor, the Colony’s western boundary - set in 1788 at 135 degrees east longitude - was extended by 6 degrees west to the 129th meridian. This line of longitude subsequently became the border dividing Western Australia and South Australia. To the south, everything beyond Wilson’s Promontory, the southeastern ‘corner’ of the Aus ...

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Ralph Darling, Ralph Darling - Early Career, Ralph Darling - Governor of New South Wales 1825-1831, Ralph Darling - Controversy, Ralph Darling - Later career, Ralph Darling - Family, Ralph Darling - Named after Ralph Darling

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Empire of Brazil - Unrest in the provinces. From 1831 to 1840 the country was ruled by three appointed regents, in the young emperor's name. This was a period of turmoil as local factions struggled to gain control of their provinces and to keep the masses in line. Out of desperation to weaken the radical appeals for federalism, republicanism, and hostility toward the Portuguese, and to protect against contrary calls for Pedro I's restoration, the regency in Rio de Janeiro gave considerable power to the provinces ...

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Empire of Brazil, Empire of Brazil - Introduction, Empire of Brazil - Brazilian independence, Empire of Brazil - Pedro as regent, Empire of Brazil - Turmoil in the provinces, Empire of Brazil - Defender of Brazil, Empire of Brazil - São Paulo and Ipiranga, Empire of Brazil - The reign of Pedro I 1822-31, Empire of Brazil - Military consolidation, Empire of Brazil - International recognition, Empire of Brazil - An imposed Constitution, Empire of Brazil - The Confederation of the Equator, Empire of Brazil - The Cisplatine War, Empire of Brazil - The slavery question, Empire of Brazil - Turmoil and abdication, Empire of Brazil - The Regency Era 1831-40, Empire of Brazil - Unrest in the provinces, Empire of Brazil - Pedro II as the focus of unity, Empire of Brazil - The reign of Pedro II 1840-89, Empire of Brazil - Reunification and centralization, Empire of Brazil - End of the slave trade, Empire of Brazil - Coffee and industrialization, Empire of Brazil - The War With Paraguay, Empire of Brazil - Aftermaths of the war, Empire of Brazil - The Republican movement, Empire of Brazil - Crisis with the Church, Empire of Brazil - Crisis in the army, Empire of Brazil - Abolition of slavery, Empire of Brazil - The republican coup

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Wollaston Medal - 1831. 1831 William Smith 1835 Gideon Mantell 1836 Louis Agassiz 1837 Proby Thomas Cautley 1837 Hugh Falconer 1838 Richard Owen 1839 Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg 1840 Andre Hubert Dumont 1841 Adolphe Theodore Brongniart 1842 Leopold von Buch 1843 Jean-Baptiste Elie de Beaumont 1843 Pierre Armand Dufrenoy 1844 William Conybeare 1845 John Phillips 1846 William Lonsdale 1847 Ami Boué 1848 William B ...

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Wollaston Medal, Wollaston Medal - Laureates, Wollaston Medal - 1831, Wollaston Medal - 1850, Wollaston Medal - 1900, Wollaston Medal - 1950, Wollaston Medal - 2000, Wollaston Medal - External link

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Coal mining in the Midlothian area of Chesterfield County began in the 18th century. By 1824, Midlothian coal mine owners were frustrated by the difficulty of transporting on the toll road now known as Midlothian Turnpike more than 1,000,000 bushels of coal by wagons and horse teams to waiting ships below the falls in the James River. Seeking a better method of transportation so that their markets could be expanded, in 1825, a group of mine owners, including Nicholas Mills, Beverly Randolph and Abraham S. Wooldridge, resolved to build a tramway. Chesterfield Railr ...

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Chesterfield Railroad, Chesterfield Railroad - History, Chesterfield Railroad - Planning and construction 1827-1831, Chesterfield Railroad - Most profitable railroad in the world 1831-1850, Chesterfield Railroad - Outmoded by steam railroad competition 1850-1851, Chesterfield Railroad - Design features, Chesterfield Railroad - Heritage & Remnants, Chesterfield Railroad - First Railroad in Virginia Historical marker & remnant site nearby, Chesterfield Railroad - Chesterfield Railroad Virginia Historical marker & remnant site nearby, Chesterfield Railroad - Chesterfield Museum

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Darling entered the British Army as an ensign in 1793, and in August 1796 was appointed military secretary to Sir Ralph Abercromby. Having commanded a regiment at the Battle of Corunna, Darling subsequently was promoted to brevet-colonel in 1810, major-general in 1813, and was on the horse guards staff in 1815. From the beginning of 1819 to February 1824, Darling commanded the British troops on Mauritius, before serving as acting-governor of the island for the last three years of his stay, exhibiting administrative ability. It was largely on account of this service that Darling was appointed th ...

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Ralph Darling, Ralph Darling - Early Career, Ralph Darling - Governor of New South Wales 1825-1831, Ralph Darling - Controversy, Ralph Darling - Later career, Ralph Darling - Family, Ralph Darling - Named after Ralph Darling

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Baldwin was born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, the third of five children to a successful carriage builder. His father, William Baldwin, died in 1799. In 1811 he entered an apprenticeship in Frankford, Pennsylvania, to learn jewelry making; he changed employers in 1817 to work with the company of Fletcher and Gardner in Philadelphia. Two years later, in 1819, he had used his jewelry-making knowledge to devise and pa ...

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Matthias W. Baldwin, Matthias W. Baldwin - Growth and early work: 1795–1832, Matthias W. Baldwin - Locomotive building: 1831–1866, Matthias W. Baldwin - Philanthropy, Matthias W. Baldwin - Patents

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Operating its entire lifetime without any locomotives, Chesterfield Railroads moved it railcars loaded with coal mostly by gravity downhill to the docks on the James River at the southern edge of Manchester. In places where the line ran uphill, mules helped the cars climb some slopes. The empty cars were hauled back uphill by the mules to the mine, to be reloaded again. In one area the weight of the loaded cars and their downhill motion pulled the empty cars (connected to ...

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Chesterfield Railroad, Chesterfield Railroad - History, Chesterfield Railroad - Planning and construction 1827-1831, Chesterfield Railroad - Most profitable railroad in the world 1831-1850, Chesterfield Railroad - Outmoded by steam railroad competition 1850-1851, Chesterfield Railroad - Design features, Chesterfield Railroad - Heritage & Remnants, Chesterfield Railroad - First Railroad in Virginia Historical marker & remnant site nearby, Chesterfield Railroad - Chesterfield Railroad Virginia Historical marker & remnant site nearby, Chesterfield Railroad - Chesterfield Museum

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Starting in 1824, Baldwin showed a willingness to give to charitable causes. In that year he was a founder of the Franklin Institute for the Betterment of Labour. In 1835 he donated money to form a school for African-American children in Philadelphia, and he was one of the early proponents of allowing black men to vote. His charitable and abolitionist stance, however, led to a boycott of Baldwin locomotives by railroads in the southern United States in the years before the Civil War. One of his last philanthropic efforts was the donation of 10% of his company's (Baldwin Locomotive Works) income to ...

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Matthias W. Baldwin, Matthias W. Baldwin - Growth and early work: 1795–1832, Matthias W. Baldwin - Locomotive building: 1831–1866, Matthias W. Baldwin - Philanthropy, Matthias W. Baldwin - Patents

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The firm that was to become Rogers Locomotive Works began in 1831. Thomas Rogers had been designing and building machinery for textile manufacturing for nearly 20 years when he sold his interest in Godwin, Rogers & Company (of which he was the Rogers part of the name) in June of that year. Rogers set out on his own with a new company called Jefferson Works in Paterson, New Jersey. The Jefferson Works built textile and agricultural machinery for a year before Rogers met ...

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Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works, Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works - 1831 to 1856: Thomas Rogers era, Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works - 1856 to 1905: Reorganization and decline, Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works - 1905 to present: Absorbed into ALCO, Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works - Preserved Rogers locomotives, Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works - Notes

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The hostilities started in February and saw the Polish Army completely unprepared for a confrontation with a strong, numerically and technically superior, enemy. However, the morale of the Polish troops was high and the field commanders were often skilled veterans of the Napoleonic Wars. The first major battle took place on February 14, 1831, near the village of Stoczek near Łuków. In what became known as the Battle of Stoczek, the Polish cavalry under Brigadier Józef Dwernicki defeated the Russian division of Teodor Geismar. However, the ...

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November Uprising, November Uprising - Poland before the uprising, November Uprising - Outbreak, November Uprising - The Uprising, November Uprising - The Russo-Polish war, November Uprising - Views on the Uprising

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