The Swiss anthropologist and sociologist Johann Jakob Bachofen (1815 – 1887), is most often connected with his theory of matriarchy, or Mutterrecht, the title of his seminal 1861 book Mother Right: An Investigation of the Religious and Juridical Character of Matriarchy in the Ancient World. This presented a radically new view of the role of women in a broad range of ancient societies. Bachofen assembled documentation meant to demonstrate that motherhood is the source of human society, religion, morality, and decorum an ...

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• Johann Jakob Bachofen - External link

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David Davis III (March 9, 1815 - June 26, 1886) was a United States Senator from Illinois and associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Davis, a cousin of Henry Winter Davis, was born to a wealthy family in Cecil County, Maryland, where he attended the public schools. After graduating from Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, in 1832 he went on to study law at Yale University, and upon his graduation from Yale in 1835, moved to Bloomington, Illinois, to practice law. From 1848-1862, Davis presided over the local ...

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• David Davis senator - Disputed election of 1876

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Crawford Williamson Long (November 1, 1815 – June 16, 1878) was an American physician and pharmacist. He was born in Danielsville, Madison County, Georgia. He received his M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania in 1839. He performed the first surgical operation in general anesthesia induced by ether. Although William T.G. Morton is well-known for performing his historic anesthesia on October 18, 1846 in Boston, Massachusetts, C.W. Long is now known to ...

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William Dennison, Jr. (November 23, 1815 – June 15, 1882) was a Whig and Republican politician from Ohio. He served as the 24th Governor of Ohio. Born in Cincinnati, Dennison graduated from Miami University, studied law, and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1840. A canny businessman, he led the Exchange Bank and the Columbus and Xenia Railroad, and organized the Hocking Valley Railroad, while becoming active in politics. Dennison was one of the first major Ohio politicians to leave the dying Whig Party for the new Repub ...

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Warren De la Rue (18 January 1815 - 19 April 1889) was a British astronomer and chemist, most famous for his pioneering work in astronomical photography. Son of Thomas De la Rue, the founder of the large firm of stationers of that name in London, Warren was born in Guernsey. Having completed his education in Paris, he entered his father's business, but devoted his leisure hours to chemical and electrical researches, and between 1836 and 1848 published several papers on these subjects. Attracted to astronomy by the influence of ...

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• Warren De la Rue - Honors

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Mitchel escaped from the colony in 1853 and established the radical Irish nationalist newspaper The Citizen in New York, as an expression of radical Irish-American anti-British opinion. The paper however became controversial for its passionate defence of slavery. Mitchel, a critic of international capitalism, which he blamed for the Great Hunger, saw the southern states' economies with their reliance on slavery, as offering an alternative form of economic and social organisation to the form of international capitalism he despised. Mit ...

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John Mitchel, John Mitchel - Deportation and the Jail Journal, John Mitchel - Pro-slavery campaigner in the United States, John Mitchel - Elected an MP, John Mitchel - Additional Reading

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He was born in present-day northwestern Utah. He was the leader of the Shoshoni at the time of the arrival of the Mormons into Utah in the late 1840s. In 1850s he led a series of attacks against emigrant parties in the Utah Territory and along the Oregon Trail, largely in retaliation for inhumane treatment of the Shoshone and despoliation of their natural resources by the increasing tide of settlers. He gained a reputation among Mormon leaders and Indian agents as a leader of an "outlaw" band of Native Americans. Brigham Young, the leader of ...

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Pocatello Shoshoni chief, Pocatello Shoshoni chief - Biography, Pocatello Shoshoni chief - External link

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He originally trained as a civil engineer. When the Spanish government of the time finally gave in to public pressure and allowed Barcelona's city walls to be torn down, he realized the need to plan the city's expansion so that the new extension would become an efficient and livable place, unlike the congested, epidemic-prone old town within the walls. When he failed to find suitable reference works, he undertook the task of writing one from scratch while designing what he called the 'Ensanche', borrowing a few technological ideas from his contemporaries to create a unique, thoroughly modern integrated concept that was carefully ...

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Ildefons Cerdà, Ildefons Cerdà - Biography, Ildefons Cerdà - Achievements, Ildefons Cerdà - Approach, Ildefons Cerdà - Controversy, Ildefons Cerdà - Major works

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After being at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, young Lord Leveson went to Paris for a short time under his father, and in 1836 was returned to parliament in the Whig interest for Morpeth. For a short time he was under-secretary for foreign affairs in Lord Melbourne's ministry. In 1840 he married Lady Acton (Marie Louise Pelline de Dalberg, widow of Sir Richard Acton, and mother of the historian Lord Acton). From 1841 till his ...

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Granville Leveson-Gower 2nd Earl Granville, Granville Leveson-Gower 2nd Earl Granville - Family, Granville Leveson-Gower 2nd Earl Granville - Life and career, Granville Leveson-Gower 2nd Earl Granville - External link

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Stanley was born at Alderley in Cheshire, where his father, later Bishop of Norwich, was then rector. He was educated at Rugby School under Thomas Arnold, and in 1834 went up to Balliol College, Oxford. After winning the Ireland scholarship and Newdigate prize for an English poem (The Gypsies), he was in 1839 elected a Fellow of University College, and in the same year took holy orders. In 1840 he travelled in Greece and Italy, and on his return settled at Oxford, where for ten years he was tutor of his college and an influenti ...

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Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley - Life and times, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley - Legacy

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Henry Brown was born into slavery in 1815 in Louisa County, Virginia. In 1830, he was sent to Richmond to work in a tobacco factory. There, he married another slave, Nancy, and the couple had at least three children. Brown used his wages to pay Nancy's master for the time she spent caring for them. However, in 1848, his wife and children were sold to a plantation owner in North Carolina. Henry Brown found himself helpless to prevent this. Henry Brown then determined to escape to freedom. He obtained the help of a sympathetic white sho ...

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Henry Box Brown, Henry Box Brown - Biography, Henry Box Brown - References and additional reading, Henry Box Brown - Books, Henry Box Brown - Internet

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His plan for Barcelona underwent two major revisions; the second version, approved by the Spanish government at the time, is the one still recognizable in the layout of today's 'Eixample', though the low height of buildings and the gardens within every single city block were soon dispensed with by politicians inclined to cave in to (or perhaps even indulge in) speculation. Only one of the two planned diagonal streets were realized. The Eixample was and still is inhabited by the well-to-do class instead of a inter-class integration. Many of t ...

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Ildefons Cerdà, Ildefons Cerdà - Biography, Ildefons Cerdà - Achievements, Ildefons Cerdà - Approach, Ildefons Cerdà - Controversy, Ildefons Cerdà - Major works

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Mitchel returned to Ireland where in 1875 he was elected in a by-election to be an MP in the British parliament representing the Tipperary constituency. However his election was invalidated on the grounds that he was a convicted felon. He contested the seat again in the resulting by-election, again being elected, this time with an increased vote. However his sudden death avoided a constitutional crisis, with his opponent bein ...

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John Mitchel, John Mitchel - Deportation and the Jail Journal, John Mitchel - Pro-slavery campaigner in the United States, John Mitchel - Elected an MP, John Mitchel - Additional Reading

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He focused on key needs: chiefly, the need for sunlight, natural lighting and ventilation in homes (he was heavily influenced by the sanitarian movement), the need for greenery in people's surroundings, the need for effective waste disposal including good sewerage, and the need for seamless movement of people, goods, energy, and information. His designs belie a network-oriented approach far ahead of his time. His street layout and grid plan were optimized to accommodate pedestrians, carriages, horse-drawn trams, urban railway lines (a ...

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Ildefons Cerdà, Ildefons Cerdà - Biography, Ildefons Cerdà - Achievements, Ildefons Cerdà - Approach, Ildefons Cerdà - Controversy, Ildefons Cerdà - Major works

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