Chancellor of Germany Count Otto von Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (April 1, 1815 – July 30, 1898) was one of the most prominent European aristocrats and statesmen of the nineteenth century. As Prime Minister of Prussia from 1862 to 1890, he engineered the unification of the numerous states of Germany. From 1867 on, he additionally was Chancellor of the North German Confederation. The latter was enlarged in 1871 to the German Empire, as the first Chancellor of which Bismarck served ...

Including:

Otto von Bismarck - Biography
Otto von Bismarck - Early life Otto von Bismarck - Early political career Otto von Bismarck - Ministerpräsident Prime Minister of Prussia Otto von Bismarck - The Defeat of Denmark and Austria Otto von Bismarck - The Establishment of the German Empire Otto von Bismarck - Chancellor of the German Empire Otto von Bismarck - Foreign Policies Otto von Bismarck - Last years
Otto von Bismarck - Legacy

Read more here: » Otto von Bismarck: Encyclopedia - Otto von Bismarck

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sion (German Bistum Sitten, Latin Dioecesis Sedunensis, French Évêché de Sion), in the Swiss canton of Valais, is the oldest bishopric in Switzerland and one of the oldest north of the Alps. The cathedral at Sion, "Notre-Dame du Glarier" was fortified by walls and crowns one of the two hills on which the city is built. The history of the Bishops of Sion, of the Abbey of Saint-Maurice ...

Including:

Bishop of Sion - History
Bishop of Sion - Early history Bishop of Sion - The prince-bishops Bishop of Sion - The Reformation Bishop of Sion - The impact of the French Revolution Bishop of Sion - The diocese in the nineteenth century Bishop of Sion - Recent history
Bishop of Sion - The library of the cathedral chapter

Read more here: » Bishop of Sion: Encyclopedia - Bishop of Sion

Bitburg-Prüm is a district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by (from the west and clockwise) Luxembourg, Belgium and the districts of Euskirchen, Daun, Bernkastel-Wittlich and Trier-Saarburg. Bitburg-Prüm - History. There are three different historical regions: the abbey and the city of Prüm have been directly subordinate to the Holy Roman Emperor in medieval times; later the free city became the principality of Prüm, occupying large portions in the north. The southwest including t ...

Including:

Bitburg-Prüm - History Bitburg-Prüm - Geography Bitburg-Prüm - Coat of arms Bitburg-Prüm - Towns and municipalities

Read more here: » Bitburg-Prüm: Encyclopedia - Bitburg-Prüm

Benevento is a town and archiepiscopal see of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, 32 miles northeast of Naples. It is situated on a hill 400 ft. above sea-level at the confluence of the Calore and Sabbato. Estimated population in 1997 was 63,568. Benevento occupies the site of the ancient Beneventum, originally Maleventum or more correctly Maloeis (derived from the Greek word for apple malon). The Romans' theory that it meant "the site of bad wind" is no longer considered by histor ...

Including:

Benevento - History
Benevento - Benevento in antiquity Benevento - Duchy of Benevento Benevento - Papal Benevento
Benevento - Sights Benevento - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Benevento: Encyclopedia - Benevento

George Boole [buːl], (November 2, 1815 Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England – December 8, 1864 Ballintemple, County Cork, Ireland) was a mathematician and philosopher. As the inventor of Boolean algebra, the basis of all modern computer arithmetic, Boole is regarded in hindsight as one of the founders of the field of computer science, although computers did not exist in his day (see "Legacy" section below). George Boole - Biography. George HOMA Boole ...

Including:

George Boole - Biography George Boole - Legacy George Boole - Secondary literature

Read more here: » George Boole: Encyclopedia - George Boole

Bonn is a city in Germany (19th largest), in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the north of the Siebengebirge. It was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990. From 1288 to 1803 it was the residence of the Archbishops and Prince-electors of Cologne. Bonn - History. The history of the city dates back to Roman times. About 10 BC the Romans constructed a bridge across the Rhine close to a place called "Bonna". After the Roman de ...

Including:

Bonn - History Bonn - Districts Bonn - Buildings and structures Bonn - Transportation Bonn - Nightlife Bonn - Twin towns

Read more here: » Bonn: Encyclopedia - Bonn

Of Corsican origin, the Bonaparte (originally Buonaparte) family is the family of Napoleon I, who was elected as first consul of France on November 10, 1799 with the help of his brother, Lucien Bonaparte, president of the Council of Five Hundred at Saint-Cloud. Napoleon I was crowned Emperor of France 1804-1814, 1815; the Bonaparte family also provided kings of Spain, Naples, Holland and Westphalia, and a second French Emperor, Napoleon III. Supporters of the Bonaparte family's claim to the throne of France are known as ...

Including:

Bonaparte - The family tree Bonaparte - Current descendants Bonaparte - External link

Read more here: » Bonaparte: Encyclopedia - Bonaparte

Biel/Bienne is a city in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is located on the language boundary and is throughout bilingual. Biel is the German name for the town, Bienne its French counterpart. The town is often referred to in both languages simultaneously. Since January 1, 2005, the official name is "Biel/Bienne". The town is located in the north eastern shores of Lake Biel (Bielersee, Lac de Bienne). The city of Bern lies southeast of Biel/Bienne (30 minutes by train). The origin of the town has ...

Including:

Biel/Bienne - Twinning Biel/Bienne - Gallery

Read more here: » Biel/Bienne: Encyclopedia - Biel/Bienne

Biedermeier refers to work in the fields of literature, music, the visual arts and interior design in the period between the years 1815 (Vienna Congress), the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and 1848, the year of the European revolutions and contrasts with the Romantic era which preceded it. Biedermeier - Literature and Music. The term Biedermeier comes from the pseudonym Gottlieb Biedermaier, taken by Joseph Victor von Scheffel in 1848 from the poems Biedermanns Abendgemütlichkeit (Biedermann's ...

Including:

Biedermeier - Literature and Music Biedermeier - Architecture

Read more here: » Biedermeier: Encyclopedia - Biedermeier

The Bethlem Royal Hospital of London, which has been variously known as Bethlem Hospital, Bethlehem Hospital and Bedlam, is the world's oldest psychiatric hospital. Bethlem Royal Hospital - History of Bethlem. Bethlem has been a part of London since 1247, first as a priory for the sisters and brethren of the order of the Star of Bethlehem. Its first site was in Bishopsgate Street (where Liverpool Street station now stands). In 1330 it is mentioned as a hospital, and it is documented that in 1403 some ...

Including:

Bethlem Royal Hospital - History of Bethlem Bethlem Royal Hospital - Bethlem Royal today Bethlem Royal Hospital - Museum and Archives Bethlem Royal Hospital - Notable patients of Bethlem hospital

Read more here: » Bethlem Royal Hospital: Encyclopedia - Bethlem Royal Hospital

Bernard Cornwell is a prolific and popular British historical novelist. He was born in London in 1944. His father was a Canadian airman; his mother English, a member of the Women's Auxiliary Air Force. He was given up for adoption and brought up in Essex by the Wiggins family, who were part of the Peculiar People, a strict Protestant sect who banned frivolity of all kinds and even medicine. He was sent away to boarding school, attended the University of London and after graduating worked for BBC Television as a director. He mar ...

Including:

Bernard Cornwell - Series
Bernard Cornwell - The SHARPE series in historical date order Bernard Cornwell - Sharpe TV Movies Bernard Cornwell - The STARBUCK Chronicles Bernard Cornwell - The Warlord Chronicles Bernard Cornwell - The GRAILQUEST novels Bernard Cornwell - The Saxon Stories Bernard Cornwell - Crowning Mercy written with Susannah Kells Bernard Cornwell - The Thrillers
Bernard Cornwell - Other novels

Read more here: » Bernard Cornwell: Encyclopedia - Bernard Cornwell

Beowulf (c. 700-1000 AD), is a traditional heroic epic poem. 3,182 lines — longer than any other Old English poem — it represents about 10% of the extant corpus of Old English poetry. The poem is untitled in the manuscript, but has been known as Beowulf since the early 19th century. Beowulf - Background and origins. Beowulf is one of the oldest surviving epic poems in what is identifiable as an early form of the English language (the oldest surviving text in Old English is Caedmon's ...

Including:

Beowulf - Background and origins Beowulf - Themes and story Beowulf - Old English glossaries and modern English translations Beowulf - Form Beowulf - Influence upon contemporary works and pop culture
Beowulf - Literature Beowulf - Films Beowulf - Additional film television & music Beowulf - Games Beowulf - Comics

Read more here: » Beowulf: Encyclopedia - Beowulf

The Bible Christian Church was a Methodist church. It was founded by William O'Bryan, a Wesleyan Methodist preacher, on 1815-10-18 in North Cornwall, with the first society, just 22 members, meeting at Lake Farm in Shebbear, Devon. Primarily concentrated in Cornwall and Devon, the church sent missionaries all over England. By 1820, missions had been established in the Channel Islands and in Kent. By 1831, ministers were being sent to Prince Edward Island and Ontario, and a mission was established in Canada in 1845. Many of the ...

Read more here: » Bible Christian Church: Encyclopedia - Bible Christian Church

The Bible Student movement is a religious movement that sprang from the teachings and ministry of Pastor Charles Taze Russell, whose followers generally call themselves "Bible Students"). Following a schism after Russell’s death, several offshoot groups formed, some of which have today moved away from the doctrines of Pastor Russell. The most prominent group of the movement today is the Jehovah's Witnesses, although there are still thousands of Bible Students worldwide. Bible Student movement - Early History. Including:

Bible Student movement - Early History Bible Student movement - The Jehovah's Witnesses Bible Student movement - The New Covenant Bible Students Bible Student movement - The Associated Bible Students Bible Student movement - The Layman's Home Missionary Movement Bible Student movement - Other groups

Read more here: » Bible Student movement: Encyclopedia - Bible Student movement

Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814, the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. The ensuing period is called the Restauration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church as a power in French politics. Bourbon Dynasty Restored - Louis XVIII 1814-1824. Louis XVIII's restoration to the throne in 1814 was effected largely through the support of Napoleon's former foreign min ...

Including:

Bourbon Dynasty Restored - Louis XVIII 1814-1824 Bourbon Dynasty Restored - Charles X 1824 – 1830 Bourbon Dynasty Restored - The Fall of the Restoration 1827-1830 Bourbon Dynasty Restored - The Four Ordinances Bourbon Dynasty Restored - Louis-Phillipe and the House of Orleans Bourbon Dynasty Restored - Sources

Read more here: » Bourbon Dynasty Restored: Encyclopedia - Bourbon Dynasty Restored

(1st millennium – 2nd millennium – 3rd millennium – other millennia) 2nd millennium - Events. European crusades in Middle East Mongol Empires in Asia The Black Death The Renaissance in Europe The Protestant Reformation The agricultural and industrial revolutions The rise of nationalism and the nation state European discovery of the Americas and Australia and their colonization European colonization and decolonization in Afri ...

Including:

2nd millennium - Events 2nd millennium - Significant persons 2nd millennium - Inventions Discoveries Introductions 2nd millennium - Centuries and Decades

Read more here: » 2nd millennium: Encyclopedia - 2nd millennium

The 19th century lasted from 1801 to 1900 in the Gregorian calendar (using the Common Era system of year numbering). Historians sometimes define a "Nineteenth Century" historical era stretching from 1815 (The Congress of Vienna) to 1914 (The outbreak of the First World War); alternatively, Eric Hobsbawm defined the "Long Nineteenth Century" as spanning the years 1789 to 1914. During this century, the Spanish, Portuguese, and Ottoman empires began to crumble and the Holy Roman and Mughal empires ceased. Following t ...

Including:

19th century - Europe 19th century - Americas 19th century - Other regions 19th century - Events
19th century - 1800s 19th century - 1810s 19th century - 1820s 19th century - 1830s 19th century - 1840s 19th century - 1850s 19th century - 1860s 19th century - 1870s 19th century - 1880s 19th century - 1890s
19th century - Significant people
19th century - Anthropology 19th century - Painters 19th century - Music 19th century - Literature 19th century - Science 19th century - Philosophy and religion 19th century - Politics
19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions 19th century - Decades and years

Read more here: » 19th century: Encyclopedia - 19th century

The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty held thrones in Spain and southern Italy; other Bourbons held important duchies. Spain currently has a Bourbon monarch. Bourbon monarchs ruled Navarre (from 1555) and France (from 1589 until the 1792 overthrow of the monarchy during the French Revolution. Restored briefly in 1814 and definitively in 1815 after the fall of the First French Empire, the sen ...

Including:

House of Bourbon - Origin of the House of Bourbon House of Bourbon - The rise of Henry IV House of Bourbon - The Early Bourbon Kings of France House of Bourbon - Early Bourbons of Spain and Italy House of Bourbon - The Bourbons During the French Revolution House of Bourbon - The Bourbon Restoration in France and its aftermath House of Bourbon - Later Bourbon monarchs outside France House of Bourbon - List of Bourbon rulers
House of Bourbon - Monarchs of France House of Bourbon - Monarchs of Spain House of Bourbon - Other signifigant Bourbon branches

Read more here: » House of Bourbon: Encyclopedia - House of Bourbon

The Canton of Geneva is the westernmost canton or state of Switzerland, surrounded on almost all sides by France and centered around the city of Geneva. The official name of this canton is République et Canton de Genève. Like some other Swiss cantons (Ticino, Neuchâtel, Jura) this canton calls itself a republic, as part of the Swiss confederation. The canton of Geneva is located in the south western corner of Switzerland. Thanks to its capital, the canton of Geneva is one of the most cosmopolitan ...

Including:

Canton of Geneva - Geography Canton of Geneva - Religion Canton of Geneva - Economy Canton of Geneva - International organizations Canton of Geneva - Education Canton of Geneva - Transport Canton of Geneva - Constitution Canton of Geneva - History Canton of Geneva - Famous people Canton of Geneva - Municipalities

Read more here: » Canton of Geneva: Encyclopedia - Canton of Geneva

Canandaigua is a city located in Ontario County, New York, USA, of which it is the county seat. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 11,264. The name Canandaigua is derived from the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) word "Kanandarque" which means "chosen spot." Contrary to popular belief, it means "chosen spot" as in "spot where people chose to settle", not exactly meaning a perfect place to live. The City of Canandaigua is centrally located in the county. Canandaigua is located on US Route 20. Parts of six neighboring t ...

Including:

Canandaigua city New York - History Canandaigua city New York - Geography Canandaigua city New York - Demographics Canandaigua city New York - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Canandaigua city New York: Encyclopedia - Canandaigua city New York

Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz (June 1, 1780 - November 16, 1831) was a Prussian general and influential military theorist. He is most famous for his military treatise Vom Krieg, translated into English as On War. Carl von Clausewitz - Life and Times of Carl von Clausewitz. Carl von Clauswitz was born in Magdeburg, Prussia in 1780, of Polish descent. Clausewitz's father was an officer in the Prussian Army; Carl entered the Prussian military service at the age of twelve years, eventually ...

Including:

Carl von Clausewitz - Life and Times of Carl von Clausewitz Carl von Clausewitz - Distinguishing Military Philosophers from Military Systems Carl von Clausewitz - Principal ideas Carl von Clausewitz - Influence Carl von Clausewitz - Name Carl von Clausewitz - Notes Carl von Clausewitz - Bibliography

Read more here: » Carl von Clausewitz: Encyclopedia - Carl von Clausewitz