The Battle of Bautzen was fought on May 21, 1813, and resulted in a French victory by Napoléon Bonaparte over the Kingdom of Prussia under Count Gebhard von Blucher and Imperial Russia under Prince Peter Wittgenstein. Battle of Bautzen - Prelude. The Prusso-Russian army was in a full retreat following their defeat at the Battle of Lutzen. Finally, generals Wittgenstein and Blucher were ordered to stop at Bautzen by Tsar Alexander I and König Frederick William III. The Prusso-Russian army was nearly ...

Including:

• Battle of Bautzen - Prelude
• Battle of Bautzen - Battle
• Battle of Bautzen - Aftermath
• Battle of Bautzen - Links

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Badajoz (formerly Badajos), the capital of the Spanish province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, is situated close to the Portuguese frontier, on the left bank of the river Guadiana, and the Madrid-Lisbon railway. The population in 1990 was 126,781; in 2002 it was 136,851. Badajoz is the see of a bishop. It occupies a slight eminence, crowned by the ruins of a Moorish castle, and overlooking the Guadiana. A strong wall and bastions, with a broad moat and outworks, and forts on the surrounding height ...

Including:

• Badajoz - The Storming of Badajoz 1812
• Badajoz - Modern History
• Badajoz - Famous Sons
• Badajoz - Villages

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War and Peace (Война и мир [Voyna i mir], in original orthography Война и миръ) is an epic Russian novel by Leo Tolstoy, first published from 1865 to 1869, which tells the story of Russian society during the Napoleonic Era. It is usually described as one of Tolstoy's two major masterpieces (the other being Anna Karenina) as well as one of the world's greatest novels. The Russian words for "peace" (pre-1918: миръ) and "world" (pre-1918: міръ) are homonym ...

Including:

• War and Peace - Background
• War and Peace - Overview
• War and Peace - Main characters
• War and Peace - Adaptations
• War and Peace - English Translations

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The pound sterling is the official currency of the United Kingdom (UK). It is often simply called the pound, with "pound sterling" used mainly in formal contexts or when it is necessary to distinguish the unit of currency from others that have the same name (the term British pound is also often used for this purpose). The slang term quid is very common in the UK. The currency in general is sometimes called just sterling (e.g. "payment must be in sterling"). The pound was originally the value of one p ...

Including:

• Pound sterling - Subdivisions
• Pound sterling - Legal tender and regional issues
• Pound sterling - Value against other currencies
• Pound sterling - History
• Pound sterling - Before sterling
• Pound sterling - Sterling
• Pound sterling - The gold standard
• Pound sterling - Following the U.S. dollar
• Pound sterling - Decimalisation
• Pound sterling - Following the German mark
• Pound sterling - Following the European currency unit
• Pound sterling - Following inflation targets
• Pound sterling - The euro
• Pound sterling - On the value of British money
• Pound sterling - External link

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Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). 1851 - Events. January 23 - The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in Oregon is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning. March 1 - Victor Hugo gives spee ...

Including:

• 1851 - Events
• 1851 - Undated
• 1851 - Births
• 1851 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1851: Encyclopedia - 1851

The Ambans were Chinese Imperial representatives in Tibet. They took orders from the Chinese emperor and were his de facto embassy in Tibet. This post was regulary held by one or two officers, either a Chinese, a Mongol, or a Manchurian. This post has existed since 1727, but under different titles. The Ambans regularly used, or tried to use their influence in Tibetian politics. Of the 79 Ambans, there have only been two that were Chinese: Tjing Wen between 1861 and 1869 and Ching Shan in 1900. At least fifteen Mongolians ...

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Acceptance Anger Anticipation Boredom Disgust Envy Fear Guilt Hate Hope Joy Jealousy Love Remorse Sadness Sorrow Surprise Angst is a German, Dutch and nordic word for fear or anxiety. It is used in English to describe an intense feeling of internal emotional strife. A different but related meaning is attributed to Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855). Kierkegaard used the word angst (Danish, ...

Including:

• Angst - Angst in contemporary music

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Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–1809), author of the United States Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founders of the United States. He was the eponym of Jeffersonian democracy. Major events during his presidency include the Louisiana Purchase (1803), the Embargo Act of 1807, and the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806). A political philosopher who promoted classical liberalism, republicanism, and the separation of churc ...

Including:

• Thomas Jefferson - Early life and education
• Thomas Jefferson - Political career to 1800
• Thomas Jefferson - Presidency
• Thomas Jefferson - Inauguration
• Thomas Jefferson - Events during his Presidency
• Thomas Jefferson - Cabinet
• Thomas Jefferson - Supreme Court appointments
• Thomas Jefferson - States admitted to the Union
• Thomas Jefferson - Father of a university
• Thomas Jefferson - Jefferson's death
• Thomas Jefferson - Personal characteristics and views
• Thomas Jefferson - Appearance and temperament
• Thomas Jefferson - Interests and activities
• Thomas Jefferson - Political philosophy
• Thomas Jefferson - Jeffersonian Democracy
• Thomas Jefferson - Religious views
• Thomas Jefferson - Jefferson and slavery
• Thomas Jefferson - The Sally Hemings controversy
• Thomas Jefferson - Monuments and memorials
• Thomas Jefferson - Trivia

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Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich (8 September 1774 - 9 February 1824) was a Catholic Augustinian nun, stigmatic, and ecstatic. She was born in Flamsche, near Coesfeld, in the Diocese of Münster, Westphalia, Germany and died in Dülmen. On October 3, 2004, Pope John Paul II officially beatified her, giving her the title "Blessed". (It is worth noting that her writings were not considered in the beatification process, since they were all dictated to Klemens Brentano, who may have t ...

Including:

• Anne Catherine Emmerich - Life
• Anne Catherine Emmerich - The Dolorous Passion

Read more here: » Anne Catherine Emmerich: Encyclopedia - Anne Catherine Emmerich

1863 (MDCCCLXIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar). Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1863 - Events. 1863 - January. January 1 - Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the second year of the American Civil War making slavery's abolition in the rebel states an official war goal.Including:

• 1863 - Events
• 1863 - January
• 1863 - February
• 1863 - March
• 1863 - April
• 1863 - May
• 1863 - June
• 1863 - July
• 1863 - August
• 1863 - September
• 1863 - October
• 1863 - November
• 1863 - December
• 1863 - Unknown dates
• 1863 - Ongoing Events
• 1863 - Births
• 1863 - Deaths

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Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). 1874 - Events. 1874 - January - April. January 1 - New York City annexes The Bronx January 23 - Marriage of the Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria, to Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, only daughter of Emperor Alexander III of Russia. January 23 - Cam ...

Including:

• 1874 - Events
• 1874 - January - April
• 1874 - May - August
• 1874 - September - December
• 1874 - Unknown date
• 1874 - Births
• 1874 - January to June
• 1874 - July to December
• 1874 - Deaths

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Abolitionism was a political movement that sought to abolish the practice of slavery and the worldwide slave trade. It began during the period of the Enlightenment and grew to large proportions in several nations during the 19th century, largely succeeding in its goals. Abolitionism - National abolition movements. Abolitionism - United Kingdom and British Empire. See also Abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. Although slavery was never widely practised within Engl ...

Including:

• Abolitionism - National abolition movements
• Abolitionism - United Kingdom and British Empire
• Abolitionism - France
• Abolitionism - Russia
• Abolitionism - United States
• Abolitionism - National abolition dates
• Abolitionism - Modern day abolition
• Abolitionism - Commemoration of the abolition of slavery
• Abolitionism - Notable abolitionists
• Abolitionism - Modern usage

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The archaeological complex of Abu Simbel (Arabic أبو سنبل or أبو سمبل) comprises two massive rock temples in southern Egypt, on the western bank of Lake Nasser, some 290 km southwest of Aswan. It is part of the Nubian Monuments UNESCO World Heritage Site, which runs from Abu Simbel downriver as far as Philae (near Aswan). The twin temples were carved out of the mountainside under the rule of Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th century BC.Nubian neighbors and as a lasting monument to himself and hi ...

Including:

• Abu Simbel - History
• Abu Simbel - Construction
• Abu Simbel - Rediscovery
• Abu Simbel - Relocation
• Abu Simbel - Temples
• Abu Simbel - The greater temple
• Abu Simbel - The Smaller Abu Simbel Temple

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Admiral of the Fleet is a rank of the British Royal Navy and other navies, the equivalent of Fleet Admiral in the United States Navy. The rank evolved from the ancient sailing days of Royal Navy squadrons. Each squadron was designated a colour, that of Red, White, or Blue. Each coloured squadron was assigned an Admiral, who in turn had command over a Vice-Admiral and a Rear Admiral. The Admiral of the Fleet, therefore, commanded th ...

Including:

• Admiral of the Fleet Royal Navy - Admirals of the Fleet

Read more here: » Admiral of the Fleet Royal Navy: Encyclopedia - Admiral of the Fleet Royal Navy

June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. June 6 - Events. 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year truce and cede several territories to Venice 1513 - Italian Wars: Battle of Novara. Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis de la Tremoille, forcing the French to abandon Milan. Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored.Including:

• June 6 - Events
• June 6 - Births
• June 6 - 1236 to 1899
• June 6 - 1900 to 1999
• June 6 - Deaths
• June 6 - 1393 to 1899
• June 6 - 1900 to 1999
• June 6 - 2000 onwards
• June 6 - Holidays and observances

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In the 18th Century the philosophies of The Enlightenment would begin to have dramatic effect, and the landmark works of philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Jean-Jacques Rousseau would have an electrifying effect on a new generation of thinkers. In the late 18th century a movement known as Romanticism would seek to combine the formal rationality of the past, with a greater and more immediate emotional and organic sense of the world. Key ideas that would spark this change are evolution argued by Erasmus Darwin and Johann Wolfgang von Goeth ...

Including:

• 19th-century philosophy - Brief Historical Outline
• 19th-century philosophy - Influences from the Late Enlightenment
• 19th-century philosophy - List of Philosophers

Read more here: » 19th-century philosophy: Encyclopedia - 19th-century philosophy

1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). It was the first year and start of the of the 20th Century. 1901 - Events. 1901 - January-March. January 1 - World celebrates what is regarded as the start of the new century. (Zero-ists' argument that new century should be celebrated in 1900 rejected worldwide). January 1 - ...

Including:

• 1901 - Events
• 1901 - January-March
• 1901 - April-June
• 1901 - July-September
• 1901 - October-December
• 1901 - Unknown dates
• 1901 - Births
• 1901 - January-March
• 1901 - April-June
• 1901 - July-September
• 1901 - October-December
• 1901 - Deaths
• 1901 - Nobel Prizes

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The 19th century lasted from 1801 to 1900 in the Gregorian calendar (using the Common Era system of year numbering). Historians sometimes define a "Nineteenth Century" historical era stretching from 1815 (The Congress of Vienna) to 1914 (The outbreak of the First World War); alternatively, Eric Hobsbawm defined the "Long Nineteenth Century" as spanning the years 1789 to 1914. During this century, the Spanish, Portuguese, and Ottoman empires began to crumble and the Holy Roman and Mughal empires ceased. Following t ...

Including:

• 19th century - Europe
• 19th century - Americas
• 19th century - Other regions
• 19th century - Events
• 19th century - 1800s
• 19th century - 1810s
• 19th century - 1820s
• 19th century - 1830s
• 19th century - 1840s
• 19th century - 1850s
• 19th century - 1860s
• 19th century - 1870s
• 19th century - 1880s
• 19th century - 1890s
• 19th century - Significant people
• 19th century - Anthropology
• 19th century - Painters
• 19th century - Music
• 19th century - Literature
• 19th century - Science
• 19th century - Philosophy and religion
• 19th century - Politics
• 19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 19th century - Decades and years

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Antoine-Augustin Parmentier (Montdidier August 12, 1737 – December 13, 1813) is remembered as a vocal promoter of cultivating the potato as a food source (for humans) in France and throughout Europe. However, this was not his only contribution to nutrition and health: he was responsible for the first mandatory smallpox vaccination campaign (under Napoleon starting in 1805, when he was Inspector-General of the Health Service), he was a pioneer in the extraction of sugar from sugar beets, he founded a school of breadmaking, ...

Including:

• Antoine-Augustin Parmentier - Dishes named after Antoine-Augustin Parmentier
• Antoine-Augustin Parmentier - Sources

Read more here: » Antoine-Augustin Parmentier: Encyclopedia - Antoine-Augustin Parmentier

April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). There are 265 days remaining. April 10 - Events. 1741 - Prussia defeats Austria in the Battle of Mollwitz 1815 - Mount Tambora eruption covers several islands with ash in Indonesia. 1816 - The U.S. government approved the creation of a Second Bank of the United States. 1865 - American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General R ...

Including:

• April 10 - Events
• April 10 - Births
• April 10 - Deaths
• April 10 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 10: Encyclopedia - April 10

This page indexes the individual year in architecture pages. Each year is annotated with a significant event as a reference point. 21st century in architecture: 2000s 20th century in architecture: 1900s - 1910s - 1920s - 1930s - 1940s - 1950s - 1960s - 1970s - 1980s - 1990s 19th century in architecture: 1800s - 1810s - 1820s - 1830s - 1840s - 1850s - 1860s - 1870s - 1880s - 1890s ...

Including:

• Architecture timeline - 2000s
• Architecture timeline - 1990s
• Architecture timeline - 1980s
• Architecture timeline - 1970s
• Architecture timeline - 1960s
• Architecture timeline - 1950s
• Architecture timeline - 1940s
• Architecture timeline - 1930s
• Architecture timeline - 1920s
• Architecture timeline - 1910s
• Architecture timeline - 1900s
• Architecture timeline - 1890s
• Architecture timeline - 1880s
• Architecture timeline - 1870s
• Architecture timeline - 1860s
• Architecture timeline - 1850s
• Architecture timeline - 1840s
• Architecture timeline - 1830s
• Architecture timeline - 1820s
• Architecture timeline - 1810s
• Architecture timeline - 1800s
• Architecture timeline - 1790s
• Architecture timeline - 1780s
• Architecture timeline - 1770s
• Architecture timeline - 1760s
• Architecture timeline - 1750s
• Architecture timeline - 1740s
• Architecture timeline - 1730s
• Architecture timeline - 1720s
• Architecture timeline - 1710s
• Architecture timeline - 1700s
• Architecture timeline - 17th century
• Architecture timeline - 16th century
• Architecture timeline - 15th century
• Architecture timeline - 14th century
• Architecture timeline - 13th century
• Architecture timeline - 12th century
• Architecture timeline - 11th century
• Architecture timeline - 1st millennium AD
• Architecture timeline - 1st millennium BC
• Architecture timeline - 2nd millennium BC
• Architecture timeline - 3rd millennium BC
• Architecture timeline - Neolithic

Read more here: » Architecture timeline: Encyclopedia - Architecture timeline

Ontario is the most populous and second-largest in area of Canada's ten provinces. It is found in east-central Canada. Its capital is Toronto. Ottawa, the capital of Canada, is also located in Ontario. As of July 1, 2005 there are 12,541,410 Ontarians (resident of Ontario), representing approximately 37.9% of the total Canadian population and an area of 1,076,395km² (415,598 sq. mi.). Ontario - Geography. Further information: List of Ontario counties Ontario is bounded on the nor ...

Including:

• Ontario - Geography
• Ontario - Demographics
• Ontario - Weather
• Ontario - Economy
• Ontario - Agriculture
• Ontario - History
• Ontario - Pre-1867
• Ontario - From 1867 to 1896
• Ontario - From 1896 to the present
• Ontario - Government
• Ontario - Politics
• Ontario - Territorial evolution 1788-1899

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