The Most Noble Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. 1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman, widely considered one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century. Commissioned an Ensign in the British Army, he would rise to prominence in the Napoleonic Wars, eventually reaching the rank of Field Marshal. Wellington commanded the Allied forces during the Peninsular War, pushing the French Army out of Portugal and Spain and reaching southern Fran ...

Including:

• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Early life
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Napoleonic Wars
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Wellington as soldier
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Later life
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Titles & Honours
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Peerage of the United Kingdom
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - British & Irish Honours
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - International Honours & Titles
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Nicknames
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Trivia
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - The Duke of Wellington's Government January 1828–November 1830
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - The Duke of Wellington's Caretaker Government November 1834–December 1834
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - References
• Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - External links

Read more here: » Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington: Encyclopedia - Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington

Astoria is the county seat of Clatsop County, OregonGR6, situated near the mouth of the Columbia River. It was named after the American investor John Jacob Astor. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 9,813. Astoria Oregon - History. The Lewis and Clark Expedition spent the winter of 1805-1806 at Fort Clatsop, a small log structure south and west of modern day Astoria. The expedition had hoped a ship would come by to take them back east, but instead endured a ...

Including:

• Astoria Oregon - History
• Astoria Oregon - Geography
• Astoria Oregon - Demographics
• Astoria Oregon - Tourist attractions
• Astoria Oregon - Colleges and universities

Read more here: » Astoria Oregon: Encyclopedia - Astoria Oregon

August 23 is the 235th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (236th in leap years), with 130 days remaining. August 23 - Events. 1305 - William Wallace is executed. 1328 - Battle of Kassel: French troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers 1328 - King Philip VI of France is crowned. 1541 - French explorer Jacques Cartier lands near Quebec City in his third voyage to Canada. 1566 - Calvinists are granted rights in the NetherlandsIncluding:

• August 23 - Events
• August 23 - Births
• August 23 - Deaths
• August 23 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 23: Encyclopedia - August 23

The collective term Austrian Crown Jewels or insignia (de: Insignien und Kleinodien) denotes the regalia and vestments worn by the Holy Roman Emperor, and later the Austrian Emperor during the coronation ceremony and at various other state functions. The term refers to the following objects: the crowns, sceptres, orbs, swords, rings, crosses, holy relics, and the royal robes, as well ...

Including:

• Austrian Crown Jewels - The insignia of the Austrian hereditary homage
• Austrian Crown Jewels - The Empire of Austria
• Austrian Crown Jewels - The Habsburg-Lorraine Household Treasure
• Austrian Crown Jewels - The Holy Roman Empire
• Austrian Crown Jewels - The Burgundian Inheritance and the Order of the Golden Fleece
• Austrian Crown Jewels - The Ecclesiastical Treasury

Read more here: » Austrian Crown Jewels: Encyclopedia - Austrian Crown Jewels

August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. August 15 - Events. 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, in which Roland is killed 927 - The Saracens conquered and destroyed Taranto 1057 - King MacBeth of Scotland is killed during the Battle of Lumphanan by the forces of King Malcolm III. 1185 - The cave city of Vardzia was consecrated by Queen Tamar of Georgia 1309 - The city of Rhodes ...

Including:

• August 15 - Events
• August 15 - Births
• August 15 - Deaths
• August 15 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 15: Encyclopedia - August 15

August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. August 2 - Events. 338 BC - Rise of Macedon: Philip II of Macedon crushes Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea. 216 BC - Punic Wars: In the Battle of Cannae, Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro in what is considered one of the great masterpieces of the tactical art. 461 - Majorian resig ...

Including:

• August 2 - Events
• August 2 - Births
• August 2 - Deaths
• August 2 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 2: Encyclopedia - August 2

Bakı (Azerbaijani: Bakı), also known as Baku, is the capital of Azerbaijan. It is located on the southern shore of the Apsheron Peninsula, at 40°23′N 49°52′E. Modern Baku consists of three parts: the Old Town (İçəri Şəhər), the boomtown and the Soviet-built town. Population (2003 census): 1,900,000. About 3 million people in metropolitan area (due to large numbers of ...

Including:

• Baku - History
• Baku - Climate
• Baku - Economy
• Baku - Famous people from Baku

Read more here: » Baku: Encyclopedia - Baku

Belgrade (listen ▶ (help·info)), is the capital of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–Present). It is one of the oldest cities in Europe settled in the 3rd century BC by the Celts before becoming the Roman settlement of Singidunum. The name Beograd (Belgrade) has been first mentioned back in year 878. It has been the capital of Serbia sinc ...

Including:

• Belgrade - History
• Belgrade - Geography
• Belgrade - Climate
• Belgrade - Tourism
• Belgrade - Municipalities
• Belgrade - Transportation
• Belgrade - Architecture
• Belgrade - Museums
• Belgrade - Media
• Belgrade - Radio stations:
• Belgrade - Television Stations:
• Belgrade - Internet Service Providers
• Belgrade - Production:
• Belgrade - Press agencies:
• Belgrade - Names
• Belgrade - Education
• Belgrade - Sport and recreation
• Belgrade - Night life
• Belgrade - Received decorations
• Belgrade - Twin cities
• Belgrade - Quotations

Read more here: » Belgrade: Encyclopedia - Belgrade

Bayreuth is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Frankish Alb and the Fichtelgebirge. It is the capital of Upper Franconia. Population: 74.392 (2004). Bayreuth - History. The city is believed to have been founded by the Counts of Andechs on an unknown date in the Middle Ages and was first mentioned in 1194. The city centre still possesses the typical structure of a Bavarian street market: the settlement is grouped around a road widening into a square; the Town H ...

Including:

• Bayreuth - History
• Bayreuth - Richard Wagner and Bayreuth
• Bayreuth - Sights
• Bayreuth - City partnerships:
• Bayreuth - Famous Citizens
• Bayreuth - Economy and traffic

Read more here: » Bayreuth: Encyclopedia - Bayreuth

2 Population sans doubles comptes, i.e. not counting those people already counted in another commune (such as students and military personal). Bayonne (Basque: Baiona; Spanish: Bayona) is a city and commune of southwest France at the confluence of the Nive and Adour rivers, in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques département, of which it is a sous-préfecture. Bayonne has a population of 42,000. It is, together with nearby Anglet and Biarritz, part of "BAB", an urban ar ...

Including:

• Bayonne - History
• Bayonne - Description
• Bayonne - Culture and sport
• Bayonne - Economy and products
• Bayonne - Communications
• Bayonne - Famous residents
• Bayonne - Civic information

Read more here: » Bayonne: Encyclopedia - Bayonne

Bell is a city located in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 36,664. Bell is located on the west bank of the Los Angeles River and is situated north of South Gate. Bell Gardens lies to its east. In March of 2000, Bell gained worldwide publicity, as the media announced that a shipment of 55 Oscar statuettes were stolen from a trucking company loading dock in the City of Bell. In addition to the Los Angeles and Bell police departments, FBI art-theft expe ...

Including:

• Bell California - History
• Bell California - Government
• Bell California - Geography
• Bell California - Demographics
• Bell California - Education
• Bell California - Famous natives and residents

Read more here: » Bell California: Encyclopedia - Bell California

Benjamin McCulloch (November 11, 1811–March 7, 1862) was a soldier in the Texas Revolution, Texas Ranger, U.S. marshal, and brigadier general in the army of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. Benjamin McCulloch - Early life. He was born 11 November 1811 in Rutherford County, Tennessee, one of twelve children and the fourth son of Alexander McCulloch and Frances Fisher LeNoir. His father, a Yale University graduate, was an officer on Brig. Gen. John Coffee's staff during the Creek War of ...

Including:

• Benjamin McCulloch - Early life
• Benjamin McCulloch - Texas career
• Benjamin McCulloch - War with Mexico
• Benjamin McCulloch - Civil War
• Benjamin McCulloch - Sources & additional reading

Read more here: » Benjamin McCulloch: Encyclopedia - Benjamin McCulloch

Benjamin Stoddert (1751 – 13 December 1813) was the first United States Secretary of the Navy from May 1, 1798 to March 31, 1801. Stoddert was born in Charles County, Maryland, in 1751, and educated as a merchant. He served as a captain in the Pennsylvania cavalry and later as secretary to the Continental Board of War during the American War of Independence. In 1781, he married Rebecca Lowndes, daughter of a Maryland merchant, and set up in the mercantile business in Georgetown, Maryland, a town that later became pa ...

Including:

• Benjamin Stoddert - Sources

Read more here: » Benjamin Stoddert: Encyclopedia - Benjamin Stoddert

Dr. Benjamin Rush (December 24, 1745–April 19, 1813) was a Founding Father of the United States. Rush lived in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and was a physician, writer, educator, and humanitarian. He also was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and attended the Continental Congress. Later in life, he became a professor of medical theory and clinical practice at the University of Pennsylvania. Despite having a wide influence on the development of American government, he is not as widely known as many of his American contemporaries. Rush was also ...

Including:

• Benjamin Rush - Constitutional Ideas
• Benjamin Rush - Corps of Discovery
• Benjamin Rush - Religious views and vision
• Benjamin Rush - Controversial theories
• Benjamin Rush - Contributions to Medicine

Read more here: » Benjamin Rush: Encyclopedia - Benjamin Rush

The Battle of Leipzig or the Battle of the Nations (16-19 October 1813) was the largest conflict in the Napoleonic Wars and the most decisive defeat suffered by Napoleon Bonaparte. Battle of Leipzig - Prelude. Following Napoleon's disastrous campaign in Russia and his defeats in the Peninsular War, the anti-French forces had cautiously regrouped as the Sixth Coalition, comprising Britain, Russia, Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden and certain smaller German states. In total, the Coalition coul ...

Including:

• Battle of Leipzig - Prelude
• Battle of Leipzig - The battle
• Battle of Leipzig - The aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of Leipzig: Encyclopedia - Battle of Leipzig

The Battle of Lützen was the first major engagement of the War of the Sixth Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars. Following the disaster of Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812, a new Coalition formed against Napoleon I of France. In response to this, he hastily assembled an army of just over 200,000 comprised largely of inexperienced, barely trained recruits and severely short of horses (A consequence of the Russian fiasco, where most of his veteran troops and horses had perished). He crossed the Rhine into Germany to link up with remn ...

Including:

• Battle of Lützen 1813 - Prelude
• Battle of Lützen 1813 - The Battle
• Battle of Lützen 1813 - Aftermath
• Battle of Lützen 1813 - References and links

Read more here: » Battle of Lützen 1813: Encyclopedia - Battle of Lützen 1813

Barranquilla is the major industrial city on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. It lies at the mouth of the Magdalena River. It is known as Colombia's' Golden Gate (Spanish: La Puerta de Oro de Colombia). Its settlement or foundation can be traced back to at least 1629. However, its residents have come to traditionally commemorate the city's "birthday", when Barranquilla was legally erected as a village, April 7, 1813. As Barranquilla became an important port it also served as a haven f ...

Including:

• Barranquilla - Climate
• Barranquilla - Education
• Barranquilla - Culture
• Barranquilla - Sister City
• Barranquilla - Famous barranquilleros

Read more here: » Barranquilla: Encyclopedia - Barranquilla

Arnhem is a municipality and a city in the east of the Netherlands, located on the Lower Rhine, and the capital of the Gelderland province. Arnhem - History. Arnhem, first mentioned in 893 as Oppidium Arnoldi Villa had its real origins in 1233 when Otto II, count of Guelders, conferred city rights on the town, which had belonged to the abbey of Prüm, settled in and fortified it. Arnhem entered the Hanseatic League in 1443. In 1473 it was captured by Charles ...

Including:

• Arnhem - History
• Arnhem - The Battle of Arnhem
• Arnhem - Places of interest
• Arnhem - Constructions
• Arnhem - Notable people
• Arnhem - Transport
• Arnhem - Population centres
• Arnhem - Trivia

Read more here: » Arnhem: Encyclopedia - Arnhem

Barthold Georg Niebuhr (August 27, 1776 – January 2, 1831) was a German statesman and historian. Son of Carsten Niebuhr, he was born at Copenhagen. From the earliest age young Niebuhr manifested extraordinary precocity, and from 1794 to 1796, being already a finished classical scholar and acquainted with several modern languages, he studied at the University of Kiel. After quitting the university he became private secretary to Count Schimmelmann, Danish minister of finance. But in 1798 he gave up this appointment and travelled in Great Britain, spending a ...

Read more here: » Barthold Georg Niebuhr: Encyclopedia - Barthold Georg Niebuhr

  Araba/Álava: 279,000   Bizkaia/Vizcaya: 1,160,000   Gipuzkoa/Guipúzcoa: 684,000   Nafarroa/Navarra: 560,000 France: 730,000 (1993) United States: 47,956 (1990) Argentina: 3,600,000 have Basque origin (2004, est.) Uruguay: 35,000 have Basque origin (2004, est.) Spanish monoglots: 1,525,000 (est.) French monoglots: 654,000 (est.) Basque + Spanish: 600,000 (est.) Basque + French: 76,200 (1991) other: ? The Basques are ...

Including:

• Basque people - Etymology of the word Basque
• Basque people - History
• Basque people - Origin of the Basques
• Basque people - Roman rule
• Basque people - Middle Ages
• Basque people - From the Renaissance Era to the 19th Century
• Basque people - Modern history
• Basque people - The Basque diaspora
• Basque people - Basques in the United States
• Basque people - Geography and distribution
• Basque people - Political conflicts
• Basque people - Language
• Basque people - Political status
• Basque people - Culture
• Basque people - Language
• Basque people - Religion
• Basque people - Sports
• Basque people - Classification
• Basque people - Genetics

Read more here: » Basque people: Encyclopedia - Basque people

The Battle of Komarów was one of the most important battles of the Polish-Bolshevik War. It took place on August 31, 1920, near the village of Komarowo (now Komarów) near Zamość. It was the biggest cavalry battle in the history of war since 1813 and the last great battle in which cavalry was used as such and not as mounted infantry. The Battle of Komarów was a complete disaster for the Russian 1st Cavalry Army, which sustained heavy casualties and barely avoided being totally surrounded. After the battle, the 1st Ca ...

Including:

• Battle of Komarów - History
• Battle of Komarów - Eve of the Battle
• Battle of Komarów - Initial clashes
• Battle of Komarów - Phase One
• Battle of Komarów - Phase Two
• Battle of Komarów - Results and casualties
• Battle of Komarów - Opposing forces
• Battle of Komarów - External link:

Read more here: » Battle of Komarów: Encyclopedia - Battle of Komarów