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17th century BC | A Wisdom Archive on 17th century BC | | 17th century BC A selection of articles related to 17th century BC | |
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17th century BC, 17th century BC, 17th century BC - Events, 17th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions, 17th century BC - Overview, 17th century BC - Significant persons
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 17th century BC | | | |  17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Greeks - Identity of the Greek people
Greeks - Classical and Roman.
Herodotus states that the Athenians declared, before the battle of Plataea, that they would not go over to Mardonius, because in the first place, they were bound to avenge the burning of the Acropolis; and, secondly, they would not betray their fellow Greeks, to whom they were bound by:
A common language1 (the use of one of the dialects of the Greek language)
Common blood2 (descent from Hellen, son of Deucalion)
Common shrines, statues and sacrifices (practice of the ancient Greek religion)3 and ...
See also:Greeks, Greeks - Identity of the Greek people, Greeks - Classical and Roman, Greeks - Byzantine and Ottoman, Greeks - Modern independence, Greeks - Names used for the Greek people, Greeks - History of the Greeks, Greeks - Greeks around the world, Greeks - Timeline of Greek migrations, Greeks - Footnotes, Greeks - Miscellaneous topics Read more here: » Greeks: Encyclopedia II - Greeks - Identity of the Greek people |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - History of the Hittites - The New Kingdom With the reign of Tudhaliya I (who may actually not have been the first of that name; see also Tudhaliya), the Hittite Empire reëmerges from the fog of obscurity. During his reign (c. 1400), he again allied with Kizzuwadna, vanquished the Hurrian states of Aleppo and Mitanni, and expanded to the west at the expense of Arzawa (a Luwian state).
Another weak phase followed Tudhaliya I, and the Hittites' enemies from all directions were able to advance even to Hattusa and raze it. However, the Empire recovered its former glory under Supp ...
See also:History of the Hittites, History of the Hittites - Hattians and Hittites, History of the Hittites - Origins of the Hittite Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The Hittite Old Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The New Kingdom, History of the Hittites - Battle of Kadesh, History of the Hittites - Downfall and Demise of the Empire, History of the Hittites - The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms, History of the Hittites - Timeline Read more here: » History of the Hittites: Encyclopedia II - History of the Hittites - The New Kingdom |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Bread - Composition and Chemistry
Bread - Formulation.
The amount of water and flour are the most significant measurements in a bread recipe, as they affect texture and crumb the most. Professional bakers use a system of percentages known as Bakers Percentage in their recipe formulations, and measure ingredients by weight instead of by volume. Measurement by weight is much more accurate and consistant that measure ...
See also:Bread, Bread - Etymology, Bread - History, Bread - Types, Bread - Composition and Chemistry, Bread - Formulation, Bread - Flour, Bread - Liquids, Bread - Leavening, Bread - Fats or shortenings, Bread - Breads across different cultures, Bread - Bread in Germany, Bread - French Style Baking, Bread - Denmark and Bread, Bread - Recipes, Bread - Trivia, Bread - Related patents Read more here: » Bread: Encyclopedia II - Bread - Composition and Chemistry |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Mycenaean language - Phonology and orthography The script differentiates five vowel qualities, a, e, i, o, u, the semi-vowels w and j (also transcribed as y), three liquids, m, n, r and seven occlusives, d, k, p, q, s, t, z.
Thus *khrusos, "gold" was spelled with the syllabic signs ku-ru-so, *gwous, "cow" with the ...
See also:Mycenaean language, Mycenaean language - Phonology and orthography, Mycenaean language - Corpus Read more here: » Mycenaean language: Encyclopedia II - Mycenaean language - Phonology and orthography |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Mycenaean language - Phonology and orthography The script differentiates five vowel qualities, a, e, i, o, u, the semi-vowels w and j (also transcribed as y), three liquids, m, n, r and seven occlusives, d, k, p, q (the usual transcription for all labiovelars), s, t, z (which includes [kʲ] [gʲ] and [dʲ], sounds which later became greek ζ).
Thus *khrusos, "gold" was spelled with the syllabic signs ku-ru-so, *gwous, "cow" with the ...
See also:Mycenaean language, Mycenaean language - Phonology and orthography, Mycenaean language - Corpus Read more here: » Mycenaean language: Encyclopedia II - Mycenaean language - Phonology and orthography |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Arkaim - The site The site is generally dated to the 17th century BC. Earlier dates, up to the 20th century BC, have been proposed. It was a settlement of the Sintashta-Petrovka culture, associated with Indo-Iranians.
The site was discovered in 1987 by a team of Chelyabinsk scientists who were preparing the area to be flooded in order to create a reservoir, and examined in rescue excavations led by Gennadii Zdanovich. At first their findings were ignored by Soviet authorities, who planned to flood the site as they had flooded Sarkel earlier, but the at ...
See also:Arkaim, Arkaim - The site, Arkaim - Speculations, Arkaim - Swastika City, Arkaim - Observatory Read more here: » Arkaim: Encyclopedia II - Arkaim - The site |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - List of rulers of Elam - Old Period
List of rulers of Elam - Dynasty of Awan.
Three kings, names unknown (c. 2600 BC)
Peli? (c. 2500 BC)
Tata?
Ukku-Takhesh
Khishur
Shushun-Tarana
Napil-Khush
Kikku-siwe-temti
Lukh-ishshan (24th century BC)
Khishep-ratep (24th century BC)
Khelu (c. 2300 - 2280 BC)
Khita (c. 2280 - 2240 BC)< ...
See also:List of rulers of Elam, List of rulers of Elam - Old Period, List of rulers of Elam - Dynasty of Awan, List of rulers of Elam - Dynasty of Shimashki, List of rulers of Elam - Dynasty of Eparti, List of rulers of Elam - Middle Elamite period, List of rulers of Elam - Kidinuid Dynasty, List of rulers of Elam - Igihalkid Dynasty, List of rulers of Elam - Shutrukid Dynasty, List of rulers of Elam - Neo-Elamite Dynasty Read more here: » List of rulers of Elam: Encyclopedia II - List of rulers of Elam - Old Period |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Ancient Near East
Chariot - Egyptian.
The chariot, together with the horse itself, was introduced to Egypt during the reign of the Hyksos dynasty in the 16th century BC. In the remains of Egyptian and Assyrian art there are numerous representations of chariots, from which it may be seen with what richness they were sometimes ornamented. The chariots of the Egyptians and Assyrians, with whom the bow was the principle arm of attack, were richly mounted with quivers full of arrows. The Egyptians invented the yoke saddle for their chariot horses in ca. 1500 BC. The best preserved examples of Egyptian chariots are th ...
See also:Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Ancient Near East |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Russian Tachanka It might be said that the chariot was briefly revived during the Russian civil war of 1918–1920, when the "tachanka", a cart or wagon with a machine-gun mounted on it, enjoyed a limited tactical success in the Red Army. Since the gun had to be pointed away from the horses, it operated by firing in a direction opposite or lateral to the direction in which the tachanka was moving. One man drove the horses, while ...
See also:Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Russian Tachanka |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - History of the Hittites - The Hittite Old Kingdom The founding of the Hittite Empire is usually attributed to Hattusili I, who conquered the plain south of Hattusa, all the way to the outskirts of Yamkhad (modern-day Aleppo) in Syria. Though it remained for his heir, Mursili I, to conquer that city, Hattusili was clearly influenced by the rich culture he discovered in northern Mesopotamia, and founded a school in his capital to spread the cuneiform style of writing he encountered there.
Mursili continued the conquests of Hattusili, reaching through Mesopotamia and even ransacking Bab ...
See also:History of the Hittites, History of the Hittites - Hattians and Hittites, History of the Hittites - Origins of the Hittite Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The Hittite Old Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The New Kingdom, History of the Hittites - Battle of Kadesh, History of the Hittites - Downfall and Demise of the Empire, History of the Hittites - The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms, History of the Hittites - Timeline Read more here: » History of the Hittites: Encyclopedia II - History of the Hittites - The Hittite Old Kingdom |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - History of the Hittites - Hattians and Hittites Around 2000 BC, the region centered in Hattusa, that would later become the core of the Hittite kingdom, was inhabited by people with a distinct culture who spoke a non-Indo-European language. The name "Hattic" is used by Anatolianists to distinguish this language from the Indo-European Hittite language, that appeared on the scene at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC and became the administrative language of the Hittite kingdom over the next six or seven centuries. As noted above, "Hittite" is a modern convention for referring to this language. T ...
See also:History of the Hittites, History of the Hittites - Hattians and Hittites, History of the Hittites - Origins of the Hittite Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The Hittite Old Kingdom, History of the Hittites - The New Kingdom, History of the Hittites - Battle of Kadesh, History of the Hittites - Downfall and Demise of the Empire, History of the Hittites - The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms, History of the Hittites - Timeline Read more here: » History of the Hittites: Encyclopedia II - History of the Hittites - Hattians and Hittites |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Northern Europe The Trundholm sun chariot is dated to ca. 1400 BC (see Nordic Bronze Age). The horse drawing the solar disk runs on four wheels, and the Sun itself on two. All wheels have four spokes. The "chariot" consists solely of the solar disk, the axle, and the wheels, and it is unclear if the sun is imagined as being itself a chariot, or as riding in a chariot. The presence of a model of a horse-drawn vehicle on two spoked wheels in Northern Europe at suc ...
See also:Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Northern Europe |
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| | | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Bread - Trivia Bread is mentioned in the Lord's Prayer, where it may mean necessities in general.
Similarly, the word bread is now a commonly used around the world in English speaking countries as a synonym for money. Derived from the rhyming slang "Bread and honey".
The anime and manga Yakitate!! Japan chronicles the quest of a young baker to create a 'bread that tastes better than rice'; i.e., one that the Japanese people would accept as a staple food.
The phrase "the greatest thing since sliced bread", to mean something of superlative quality, is common in the UK and United States, there is al ...
See also:Bread, Bread - Etymology, Bread - History, Bread - Types, Bread - Composition and Chemistry, Bread - Formulation, Bread - Flour, Bread - Liquids, Bread - Leavening, Bread - Fats or shortenings, Bread - Breads across different cultures, Bread - Bread in Germany, Bread - French Style Baking, Bread - Denmark and Bread, Bread - Recipes, Bread - Trivia, Bread - Related patents Read more here: » Bread: Encyclopedia II - Bread - Trivia |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Central and Western Europe The only Etruscan chariot found intact dates to ca. 530 BC. It is decorated with bronze plates reminiscent of the Gundestrup cauldron. Its wheels have nine spokes. It was part of a chariot burial.
The Celts were famous chariot-makers, and the English word car is believed to be derived, via Latin carrum, from Gaulish karros (English chariot itself is from 13th century French charriote, an augmentative of the same word). Some 20 Iron Age chariot burials have been excavated in Britain, dating roughly fr ...
See also:Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Central and Western Europe |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Indo-Iranians The earliest chariots known are from the chariot burials of the Andronovo (Timber-Grave) sites of the Sintashta-Petrovka culture in modern Russia and Kazakhstan from around 2000 BC. This culture is at least partially derived from the earlier Yamna culture. It built heavily fortified settlements, engaged in bronze metallurgy on a scale hitherto unprecedented and practiced complex burial rituals reminiscent of Aryan rituals known from the Rigveda. The Sintashta-Petrovka chariot burials yield spoke-wheeled chariots. The Andronovo culture over t ...
See also:Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Indo-Iranians |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - China The earliest chariot burial site in China, discovered in 1933 at Hougang, Anyang of central China's Henan Province, dates to the rule of King Wu Ding of the Yin Dynasty (ca. 1200 BC). But chariots may have been known before, from as early as the Xia Dynasty (17th century BC) [1]. During the Shang dynasty, members of the royalty were buried with a complete household and servants, including a chariot, horses, and a charioteer. Shang chariot was often drawn by two horses, but four are occasionally found in burials. The crew consisted of an arch ...
See also:Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - China |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Northern Europe The Trundholm sun chariot is dated to ca. 1400 BC (see Nordic Bronze Age). The horse drawing the solar disk runs on four wheels, and the Sun itself on two. All wheels have four spokes. The "chariot" consist solely of the solar disk, the axle, and the wheels, and it is unclear if the sun is imagined as being itself a chariot, or as riding in a chariot. The presence of a model of a horse-drawn vehicle on two spoked wheels in Northern Europe at suc ...
See also:Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Northern Europe |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Language and literature See main articles: Phoenician language, Phoenician alphabet, Alphabet.
Though the Phoenicians are credited with developing the Phoenician alphabet, their alphabet is actually what is termed an abjad (different from an alphabet, in that it contains no vowels). The Phoenician abjad, first making its appearance in the 11th century BC, evolved out of the proto-Canaanite abjad, that originated around the 17th century BC. A cuneiform abjad originated to the north in Ugarit, a Canaanite city of northern Syr ...
See also:Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Origins, Phoenicia - The cultural and economic empire, Phoenicia - Phoenician trade, Phoenicia - Decline, Phoenicia - Persian and Hellenistic Phoenicia, Phoenicia - Important Phoenician cities and colonies, Phoenicia - Language and literature, Phoenicia - External links, Phoenicia - Phoenicians in the Bible Read more here: » Phoenicia: Encyclopedia II - Phoenicia - Language and literature |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Central and Western Europe The only Etruscan chariot found intact dates to ca. 530 BC. It is decorated with bronze plates reminiscent of the Gundestrup cauldron. Its wheels have nine spokes. it was part of a chariot burial.
The Celts were famous chariot-makers, and the English word car is believed to be derived, via Latin carrum, from Gaulish karros (English chariot itself is from 13th century French charriote, an augmentative of the same word). Some 20 Iron Age chariot burials have been excavated in Britain, dating roughly fr ...
See also:Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Central and Western Europe |
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| | | | | 17th century BC: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Classical Antiquity
Chariot - Greece.
The classical Greeks had a (still not very effective) cavalry, and the rocky terrain of the Greek mainland was unsuited for wheeled vehicles. In spite of this, the chariot retained a high status, memories of its era were handed down in epic poetry, and they were used for races at the Olympic and Panathenaic Games.
Greek chariots were made to be drawn by two horses attached to a central pole. If two additional horses were added, they were attached on each side of the main pair by a single ...
See also:Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Classical Antiquity |
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