1790s

1790s - Events and Trends. French Revolution (1789 - 1799). It is considered to have effectively ended on November 9, 1799 when a successful coup d'état places Napoléon Bonaparte in control of France. French inventor Claude Chappe first demonstrates a practical semaphore system (1792). Use of the system will eventually expand to include the whole of France. This is considered to be the first practical telecommunications system. 1790s - World Leaders. < ...

Including:

• 1790s - Events and Trends
• 1790s - World Leaders

Read more here: » 1790s: Encyclopedia - 1790s

Catherine the Great (April 21, 1729—November 6, 1796 (O.S.)), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka of Anhalt-Zerbst, reigned as Empress of Russia from June 28, 1762 to her death. A cousin to Gustav III of Sweden and Charles XIII of Sweden, Catherine is referred to as an "enlightened monarch" (also referred to as an "enlightened despot"), though some argue that this title is exaggerated. A German Princess, Sophie Augusta Fredericka (nicknamed Figchen) was born in Stettin to Christian Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst, ...

Including:

• Catherine II of Russia - Internal policies
• Catherine II of Russia - Foreign affairs
• Catherine II of Russia - Arts and culture
• Catherine II of Russia - Personal life
• Catherine II of Russia - Trivia
• Catherine II of Russia - List of great Catharinians

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The Southern United States or the South constitutes a distinctive region covering a large portion of the United States. Due to the region's unique cultural and historic heritage, the South has developed its own customs, literature, musical styles (such as country music and jazz), and cuisine. The South has also been prominently involved in numerous issues faced by the United States as a whole, including the American Revolutionary War, War of 1812, slavery, the American Civil War, and Presidential politics (with the majority of ...

Including:

• Southern United States - Geography
• Southern United States - Major metropolitan areas
• Southern United States - History
• Southern United States - Politics
• Southern United States - Presidential history
• Southern United States - Other politicians and political movements
• Southern United States - Culture
• Southern United States - Religion
• Southern United States - Southern Dialect
• Southern United States - Cuisine
• Southern United States - Literature
• Southern United States - Music
• Southern United States - Sports
• Southern United States - Film
• Southern United States - Cultural Variations
• Southern United States - Race relations
• Southern United States - Symbolism of the South
• Southern United States - Today's South: The New South
• Southern United States - GDP

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The Battle of the Boyne was a turning point in the Williamite war in Ireland between the deposed King James II of England and VII of Scotland and his son-in-law and successor, William, for the English, Scottish and Irish thrones. It took place on July 1, 1690 (as a consequence of the adoption of the Gregorian calendar the battle is now commemorated on July 12) just outside of the town of Drogheda on Ireland's east coast. Though not militarily decisive, its symbolic importance has made it one of the most infamous battles in British and ...

Including:

• Battle of the Boyne - A sectarian battle?
• Battle of the Boyne - The competing sides
• Battle of the Boyne - Commanders
• Battle of the Boyne - Armies
• Battle of the Boyne - The Battle
• Battle of the Boyne - Aftermath
• Battle of the Boyne - Commemoration of the Battle
• Battle of the Boyne - The Twelfth in Ireland today
• Battle of the Boyne - The battlefield today
• Battle of the Boyne - Sources

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The royal burgh of Annan stands on the River Annan nearly 2 miles from its mouth, 15 miles from Dumfries, in the region of Dumfries and Galloway on the Solway Firth in the south of Scotland. Annan is a well-built town, red sandstone being the material mainly used. Among its public buildings is the excellent Annan Academy of which the writer Thomas Carlyle was a pupil, a Georgian building now known as "Bridge House". The Town Hall, built in Victorian style in 1878, uses the local sandstone. Annan also features a Historic Resources Centre. In Port Street, so ...

Including:

• Annan Dumfries and Galloway - External link

Read more here: » Annan Dumfries and Galloway: Encyclopedia - Annan Dumfries and Galloway

An academy is an institution for the study of (usually) higher learning. The name Academy rose from Plato's Athenian school of philosophy, founded in approximately 385 BC. The term is also used for various other institutions in modern times (see below). Academy - The original Academy. Before the Akademeia was a school, however, even before Cimon enclosed its precincts with a wall (Plutarch Life of Cimon xiii:7), it contained a sacred grove of olive trees outside the city w ...

Including:

• Academy - The original Academy
• Academy - The revived neoplatonic Academy of Late Antiquity
• Academy - Modern use of the term academy
• Academy - Honorary Academy
• Academy - Research Academy
• Academy - English school type
• Academy - Reference

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The Bretton Woods system of international monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states. The Bretton Woods system was the first example in world history of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent nation-states. Preparing to rebuild the international economic system as World War II was still raging, 730 delegates from all 44 Allied nations gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in the town of B ...

Including:

• Bretton Woods system - The origins of the Bretton Woods System
• Bretton Woods system - The experiences of the Great Depression
• Bretton Woods system - The rise of U.S. hegemony
• Bretton Woods system - The design of the Bretton Woods system
• Bretton Woods system - Informal regimes
• Bretton Woods system - Formal regimes
• Bretton Woods system - Readjusting the Bretton Woods system
• Bretton Woods system - The dollar shortages and the Marshall Plan
• Bretton Woods system - Bretton Woods and the Cold War
• Bretton Woods system - The Late Bretton Woods System
• Bretton Woods system - The U.S. balance of payments crisis 1958–68
• Bretton Woods system - Structural changes underpinning the decline of international monetary management
• Bretton Woods system - The paralysis of international monetary management
• Bretton Woods system - Conclusions
• Bretton Woods system - Notes and references

Read more here: » Bretton Woods system: Encyclopedia - Bretton Woods system

The swastika (from Sanskrit svastika) is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles either left-facing (卍) or right-facing (卐). It is traditionally oriented so that a main line is horizontal, though it is occasionally rotated at forty-five degrees, and the Hindu version is often decorated with a dot in each quadrant. ...

Including:

• Swastika - Overview
• Swastika - Etymology and alternative names
• Swastika - History
• Swastika - Adoption of the swastika in the West
• Swastika - Geometry and symbolism
• Swastika - Sauwastika
• Swastika - Art and architecture
• Swastika - Religion and mythology
• Swastika - Hinduism
• Swastika - Buddhism
• Swastika - Jainism
• Swastika - The Abrahamic religions
• Swastika - Other Asian traditions
• Swastika - Native American traditions
• Swastika - Pre-Christian European traditions
• Swastika - Asatru
• Swastika - Early 20th century
• Swastika - Europe
• Swastika - North America
• Swastika - Nazi Germany
• Swastika - Taboo in Western countries
• Swastika - Apperance in Media

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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800 in the Gregorian calendar. European history scholars will sometimes specifically refer to the 18th century as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution. 18th century - Events. 18th century - 1700s. 1701-1714: War of the Spanish Succession 1703: Saint Petersb ...

Including:

• 18th century - Events
• 18th century - 1700s
• 18th century - 1710s
• 18th century - 1720s
• 18th century - 1730s
• 18th century - 1740s
• 18th century - 1750s
• 18th century - 1760s
• 18th century - 1770s
• 18th century - 1780s
• 18th century - 1790s
• 18th century - Significant people
• 18th century - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 18th century - Decades and years

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In the 1790s, the threat of invasion of England was high, with the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. In order to maximise the country's defences, a number of volunteer regiments were raised in many counties by yeomen. These regiments became known as the Yeomanry. While this was certainly true in most cases it was also the fact that the new regiments were sometimes used to in support of the civil authority to fight rebellion as in the Irish rebellion or suppress civil unrest — as in the Peterloo Massacre; s ...

Including:

• Yeomanry - Current Yeomanry Regiments
• Yeomanry - Royal Armoured Corps
• Yeomanry - Infantry
• Yeomanry - Royal Signals
• Yeomanry - Royal Artillery
• Yeomanry - Royal Engineers
• Yeomanry - Royal Logistic Corps
• Yeomanry - Army Medical Services
• Yeomanry - Yeomanry Regiments with more than one unit

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The Crown of Napoleon was a coronation crown manufactured for the self-proclaimed Emperor Napoleon I of France. He used it in his coronation on December 2, 1804. Napoleon called his new crown the Crown of Charlemagne, the name of the ancient royal coronation crown of France that had been destroyed in the French Revolution, a name which allowed him to compare himself to the famed mediæval monarch Charlemagne, King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor. Crown of Napoleon - Origins. The French Revolutio ...

Including:

• Crown of Napoleon - Origins
• Crown of Napoleon - Usage
• Crown of Napoleon - Design
• Crown of Napoleon - After the Empire
• Crown of Napoleon - Sale of the French Crown Jewels

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The "Democratic-Republican Party" is the label formerly given by historians to one of the first two American political parties during the First Party System, 1792-1824. Contemporaries referred to it as simply the "Republican Party", which in 2006 has become the preferred term among scholars. In the 20th century historians and textbooks sometimes called it the "Democratic-Republican Party" or the "Jeffersonian Republicans". Democratic-Republican Party United States - History. The Republican Par ...

Including:

• Democratic-Republican Party United States - History
• Democratic-Republican Party United States - Republican presidents
• Democratic-Republican Party United States - Candidates
• Democratic-Republican Party United States - Modern claims to Democratic-Republican heritage

Read more here: » Democratic-Republican Party United States: Encyclopedia - Democratic-Republican Party United States

A dandy is a man who places particular importance upon physical appearance, refined language, and the cultivation of leisurely hobbies. Some dandies, especially in Britain in the late 18th and 19th century, often strove to affect aristocratic values even though many came from common backgrounds. The practice of dandyism first appeared in the revolutionary 1790s, both in London and Paris. The dandy cultivated a skeptical reserve, to such extremes that the novelist George Meredith, no dandy himself, was of the opinion that "Cynic ...

Including:

• Dandy - Etymology
• Dandy - Beau Brummell and early British dandyism
• Dandy - Dandyism in France
• Dandy - Later Dandyism
• Dandy - Female Dandies
• Dandy - Quotations

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A coat (a term frequently interchangeable with jacket) is an outer garment worn by both men and women, for warmth or fashion. Coats typically have long sleeves and open down the front, closing by means of buttons, zippers, hook-and-loop fasteners, a belt, or a combination of these. The term jacket is reserved for a hip-length or shorter garment, while coat can be used for a garment of any length. Coat clothing - History of the coat. Coat is one of the basic clothing catego ...

Including:

• Coat clothing - History of the coat
• Coat clothing - Types of coats
• Coat clothing - Coats of the 18th and 19th centuries
• Coat clothing - Modern coats and jackets
• Coat clothing - External references

Read more here: » Coat clothing: Encyclopedia - Coat clothing

Over the past few decades, the world has witnessed the dramatic growth of the Christian faith in South Korea. Almost a third of the population professed to be Christian in the year 2000, and Seoul, the capital, contained eleven of the world's twelve largest Christian congregations. The impact of Christianity on the Korean culture has been considerable, and is partly responsible for a steady decline in the membership and influence of Buddhism, Shamanism and Confucianism, which have traditionally had deep roots in Korean culture. South ...

Including:

• Christianity in Korea - Early failures: 1593-1784
• Christianity in Korea - Underpinnings of Christian growth
• Christianity in Korea - Academic sympathy—the Shilhak school
• Christianity in Korea - Lay leadership
• Christianity in Korea - Parallels in Korean tradition
• Christianity in Korea - Use of the Korean alphabet
• Christianity in Korea - Protestantism and the founding of modern educational institutions
• Christianity in Korea - Idenfication with Korean nationalism
• Christianity in Korea - The impact of Christianity on Korean society
• Christianity in Korea - Education and literacy
• Christianity in Korea - Economic effects
• Christianity in Korea - Social relationships
• Christianity in Korea - Minjung theology and the human rights struggle
• Christianity in Korea - Summary
• Christianity in Korea - Looking ahead
• Christianity in Korea - Sources
• Christianity in Korea - Numbered references
• Christianity in Korea - Bibliography

Read more here: » Christianity in Korea: Encyclopedia - Christianity in Korea

The Cascade Range is a mountainous region famous for its chain of tall volcanoes called the High Cascades that run north-south along the west coast of North America from British Columbia to the Shasta Cascade area of northern California. The small part of the range in British Columbia is called the Cascade Mountains or Canadian Cascades. The Cascades are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, the ring of volcanoes around the Pacific Ocean. All of the known historic eruptions in the contiguous United States have ...

Including:

• Cascade Range - History
• Cascade Range - Geography
• Cascade Range - Human uses
• Cascade Range - High Cascades
• Cascade Range - Protected areas
• Cascade Range - National parks
• Cascade Range - National monuments
• Cascade Range - Provincial Parks

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A piano is a keyboard instrument, widely used in western music for solo performance, chamber music, and accompaniment, and also as a convenient aid to composing and rehearsal. The piano produces sound by striking metal strings with felt hammers. These vibrations are amplified by transmission to a soundboard by a bridge. The word piano is a shortened form of the word "pianoforte", which is seldom used except in formal language. It is derived from the original Italian name for the instrument, clavicembalo col pia ...

Including:

• Piano - Early history
• Piano - Development of the modern piano
• Piano - History and musical performance
• Piano - The modern piano
• Piano - Types
• Piano - Keyboard
• Piano - Pedals
• Piano - Materials
• Piano - Care and maintenance
• Piano - Role of the piano
• Piano - Related lists
• Piano - Other types of pianos
• Piano - Related instruments

Read more here: » Piano: Encyclopedia - Piano

The Aleutian Islands (possibly from Chukchi aliat, "island") are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming an island arc situated in the Northern Pacific Ocean, occupying an area of 6,821 sq mi (17,666 sq km) and extending about 1,200 mi (1,900 km) westward from the Alaska Peninsula toward the Kamchatka Peninsula. Crossing longitude 180°, they are the westernmost part of the United States (and technically also the easternmost; see Extreme points of the United States). Nearly all of the archipelago is part ...

Including:

• Aleutian Islands - Geography
• Aleutian Islands - Climate
• Aleutian Islands - Economy
• Aleutian Islands - Demographics
• Aleutian Islands - History
• Aleutian Islands - Miscellaneous

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After more than 400 years of power, in 1767, the Kingdom of Ayutthaya was brought down by invading Burmese armies, its capital burned, and the territory split. General Taksin managed to reunite the Thai kingdom from his new capital of Thonburi and declared himself king in 1769. However, Taksin allegedly became mad, and he was deposed, taken prisoner, and executed in 1782.General Chakri succeeded him in 1782 as Rama I, the first king of the Chakri dynasty. In the same year he founded the new capital city at Bangkok, across the Chao Phraya riv ...

See also:

History of Thailand, History of Thailand - Early history, History of Thailand - Sukhothai and Lannathai, History of Thailand - Ayutthaya, History of Thailand - Bangkok period, History of Thailand - Military rule, History of Thailand - Democracy

Read more here: » History of Thailand: Encyclopedia II - History of Thailand - Bangkok period

Further information: History of socialism in Great Britain, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]], and See also:

History of socialism, History of socialism - Early socialists, History of socialism - Marxism and the socialist movement, History of socialism - Social Democracy to 1917, History of socialism - Socialism and Communism 1917-39, History of socialism - Social Democracy 1945-70, History of socialism - The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe 1945-1985, History of socialism - Final Years for the Soviet Union 1985-91, History of socialism - Socialism in China 1945-65, History of socialism - Socialism in China Since the Cultural Revolution, History of socialism - The New Left and the Old in Academia, History of socialism - The radicalization of psychoanalysis, History of socialism - Structuralism, History of socialism - Deconstruction, History of socialism - Feminism, History of socialism - criticism of the new left by the old, History of socialism - Third World Socialism, History of socialism - The Crisis of Socialism, History of socialism - Relevant articles

Read more here: » History of socialism: Encyclopedia II - History of socialism - Early socialists