1770

The term galley can refer to any ship propelled primarily by man-power, using oars. Most galleys also use masts and sails as a secondary means of propulsion. Various types of galleys dominated naval warfare in the Mediterranean from the time of Homer to the development of effective naval gunnery around the 15th and 16th centuries. Galleys fought in the wars of ancient Persia, Greece, Carthage and Rome until the 4th century. After the fall of the Roman Empire, galleys saw continued, if somewhat reduced, use by the Byzantine Empi ...

Including:

• Galley - Ancient galleys
• Galley - The first galleys
• Galley - Penteconters
• Galley - Triremes
• Galley - Quinqueremes and polyremes
• Galley - Later galleys
• Galley - Medieval galleys in northern Europe
• Galley - The Renaissance
• Galley - The last galleys
• Galley - Other links
• Galley - Other meanings

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August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. August 1 - Events. 527 - Justinian I becomes Byzantine Emperor. 607 - Ono no Imoko is dispatched as envoy to the Sui court in China (Traditional Japanese date: July 3, 607). 1291 - The Swiss Confederation is formed. 1492 - Ferdinand and Isabella drive the Jews out of Spain. 1461 - Edward IV is crowned king of England. 1498 - Christop ...

Including:

• August 1 - Events
• August 1 - Births
• August 1 - Deaths
• August 1 - Holidays and observances

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Benjamin Kennicott (April 4, 1718 – September 18, 1783), was an English churchman and Hebrew scholar. He was born at Totnes, Devon. He succeeded his father as master of a charity school, but the generosity of some friends enabled him to go to Wadham College, Oxford, in 1744, and he distinguished himself in Hebrew and divinity. While an undergraduate he published two dissertations, On the Tree of Life in Paradise, with some Observations on the Fall of Man, and On the Oblations of Cain and Abel, which obtained him ...

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The Indigenous Australians are the first inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands, continuing their presence during European settlement. The term includes the various indigenous peoples commonly known as Aborigines, whose traditional lands extend throughout mainland Australia, Tasmania and numerous offshore islands, and also the Torres Strait Islanders whose lands are centred on the Torres Strait Islands which run between northernmost Australia and the island of New Guinea. Indigenous ...

Including:

• Indigenous Australians - Definitions
• Indigenous Australians - Origins
• Indigenous Australians - Before European settlement
• Indigenous Australians - Impact of European settlement
• Indigenous Australians - Adaptation
• Indigenous Australians - The path to reconciliation: 1950-2005
• Indigenous Australians - Issues facing Indigenous Australians today
• Indigenous Australians - Health
• Indigenous Australians - Education
• Indigenous Australians - Crime
• Indigenous Australians - Unemployment
• Indigenous Australians - Substance abuse
• Indigenous Australians - Mainland Australia
• Indigenous Australians - Clans groups and communities
• Indigenous Australians - Culture
• Indigenous Australians - Mythology
• Indigenous Australians - Languages
• Indigenous Australians - Music
• Indigenous Australians - Art
• Indigenous Australians - Traditional recreation
• Indigenous Australians - Tiwi Islands & Groote Eylandt
• Indigenous Australians - Tasmania
• Indigenous Australians - Torres Strait Islanders
• Indigenous Australians - Population
• Indigenous Australians - Prominent Indigenous Australians

Read more here: » Indigenous Australians: Encyclopedia - Indigenous Australians

Bandy is a winter sport, where a ball is hit with a stick. It is an ancestor of ice hockey. It likely descended from shinty and in turn field hockey. Bandy is played outdoors on a sheet of ice, and has rules that are similar to soccer. It is now played in a few nations, including Sweden, Russia, Finland, Norway, Belarus, The Netherlands, Estonia, Hungary, Canada, United States and Kazakhstan. Bandy was the demonstration sport at the VI Olympic Winter Games in 1952 (Oslo, Norway). World Championships for men are held every year. ...

Including:

• Bandy - Bandy in Britain
• Bandy - Bandy in Russia

Read more here: » Bandy: Encyclopedia - Bandy

April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). There are 250 days remaining. April 25 - Events. 1607 - Eighty Years' War: Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. 1707 - An Allied Austrian army is defeated by Bourbon army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession. 1719 - Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe is published. 1792 - Highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier becomes t ...

Including:

• April 25 - Events
• April 25 - Births
• April 25 - Deaths
• April 25 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 25: Encyclopedia - April 25

Paul Henry Thiry, baron d'Holbach (1723 [1] - 1789 [2]) was an homme de lettres, philosophe and encyclopédiste. He was born Paul Heinrich Dietrich in Edesheim, Germany. D'Holbach's mother (née Holbach) was the daughter of the Prince-Bishop's tax collector. His father, Johann Jakob Thiry, was a wine-grower. The young Paul Henry's studies were financed ...

Including:

• Baron d'Holbach - Bibliography
• Baron d'Holbach - Notes
• Baron d'Holbach - Literature

Read more here: » Baron d'Holbach: Encyclopedia - Baron d'Holbach

The Most Noble Augustus Henry FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, KG, PC (28 September 1735–14 March 1811) was a British Whig statesman of the Georgian era. He was one of a handful of dukes that served as Prime Minister. He was a son of Lord Augustus FitzRoy and Elizabeth Cosby, daughter of Colonel William Cosby, who served as a colonial Governor of New York. His father was the third son of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton and Lady Henrietta Somerset, which made FitzRoy a great-grandson of both Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafto ...

Including:

• Augustus FitzRoy 3rd Duke of Grafton - The Duke of Grafton's Government

Read more here: » Augustus FitzRoy 3rd Duke of Grafton: Encyclopedia - Augustus FitzRoy 3rd Duke of Grafton

The naval Battle of Chesma took place on 5-7 July 1770 near and in Chesma (Turkish: Çeşme) Bay, in the area between Asia Minor and the island of Chios, the site of a number of past naval battles between Turkey and Venice. It was part of the Orlov Revolt of 1769, a precursor to the later Greek War of Independence (1821-29), and the first of a number of disastrous fleet battles for Turkey against Russia. The Russo-Turkish War had begun in 1768, and Russia sent several squadrons from the Baltic Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to dr ...

Including:

• Battle of Chesma - Significance
• Battle of Chesma - Notes
• Battle of Chesma - References

Read more here: » Battle of Chesma: Encyclopedia - Battle of Chesma

The Bantu refer to over 400 different ethnic groups in Africa, from Cameroon to South Africa, united by a common language family, the Bantu languages, and in many cases common customs. Black South Africans were at times officially called "Bantus" by the apartheid regime. Nowadays in South Africa, the term "Bantu" is no longer used to refer to a people. The more common and polite term is "Black" and in fact legislation and documents from the South African government replaced "Bantu" with "Black". In South African contexts, the t ...

Including:

• Bantu - History
• Bantu - Bantu in South Africa
• Bantu - History
• Bantu - Social organization
• Bantu - Ethnic partitioning
• Bantu - Culture
• Bantu - Food acquisition
• Bantu - House types
• Bantu - Faith
• Bantu - Literature

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August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. August 3 - Events. 8 - Roman general Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. 435 - Deposed Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of the Christological "heresy" (at the time) known as Nestorianism, was exiled by Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt. 1492 - Christopher Columbus sets sail f ...

Including:

• August 3 - Events
• August 3 - Births
• August 3 - Deaths
• August 3 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 3: Encyclopedia - August 3

The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as "John Company", was a joint-stock company of investors, which was granted a Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intent to favour trade privileges in India. The Royal Charter effectively gave the newly created Honourable East India Company a monopoly on all trade in the East Indies. The Company transformed from a commercial trading venture to one which virtually ruled India as it acquired auxiliary governmental and military functions, until t ...

Including:

• British East India Company - Flags
• British East India Company - Impact
• British East India Company - History
• British East India Company - The foundation years
• British East India Company - Footholds in India
• British East India Company - Expansion
• British East India Company - The road to a complete monopoly
• British East India Company - The Basis of the Monopoly
• British East India Company - Regulation of the company's affairs
• British East India Company - The end
• British East India Company - East India Club
• British East India Company - Notes

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Ludwig van Beethoven (baptized 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer of classical music, who lived predominantly in Vienna, Austria. He was a major musical figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. Beethoven is widely regarded as one of history's greatest composers. His reputation has inspired — and in many cases intimidated — composers, musicians, and audiences who were to come after him. Among his most widely-recognized works are his Fifth, Sixth and Ninth symphonies; the P ...

Including:

• Ludwig van Beethoven - Life and work
• Ludwig van Beethoven - Musical style and innovations
• Ludwig van Beethoven - Personal beliefs and their musical influence
• Ludwig van Beethoven - Beethoven the Romantic?
• Ludwig van Beethoven - Grosse Fuge manuscript
• Ludwig van Beethoven - Media

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Bathinda is a city in Punjab state of northwestern India. It is the administrative headquarters of Bathinda District. Climate: Summer temperatures can be as high as 50 °C (122°F); and winter temperatures as low as 0 °C (32°F). The weather is generally dry. Rainfall is primarily from the southwest, due to the monsoon, and lasts from mid-July to mid-September. The City of Bathinda boasts of one of the largest Railway Junctions of northern India and the largest Cantonement (military area) of Asia and is kn ...

Including:

• Bathinda - History

Read more here: » Bathinda: Encyclopedia - Bathinda

The American Revolution is the series of events, ideas, and changes that resulted in the political separation of thirteen colonies in North America from the British Empire and the creation of the United States of America. The American War of Independence (1775–1783) was one part of the revolution, but the revolution by the Americans began before the first shot was fired at Lexington and Concord and continued after the British surrender at Yorktown. Years later, in 1818, John Adams wrote: "The Revolution was effected before the War commenced," and " ...

Including:

• American Revolution - Origins
• American Revolution - Philosophy and radical thought
• American Revolution - Religious trends
• American Revolution - Road to rebellion
• American Revolution - Economic disputes 1760-70
• American Revolution - Western land dispute
• American Revolution - Crises 1772-75
• American Revolution - Choosing sides
• American Revolution - Class differences among the Patriots
• American Revolution - Women
• American Revolution - Writing the state constitutions
• American Revolution - War for independence 1775-83
• American Revolution - America after the war
• American Revolution - The impact on British North America
• American Revolution - Revolution beyond America
• American Revolution - Legacy and interpretations
• American Revolution - Scholarly Secondary Sources

Read more here: » American Revolution: Encyclopedia - American Revolution

Jim Jeffords (I) Vermont is a U.S. state located in New England. The state ranks 43rd in land area (9,250 square miles), and its population (608,827) ranks as the second smallest of the 50 states. As the only New England state with no coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, Vermont is noted mainly for the Green Mountains in the west and Lake Champlain in the northwest. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York to the west, and ...

Including:

• Vermont - Geography
• Vermont - History
• Vermont - Law and government
• Vermont - Politics
• Vermont - State government
• Vermont - Federal representation
• Vermont - Culture
• Vermont - Economy
• Vermont - Demographics
• Vermont - Population
• Vermont - Race and Sex
• Vermont - Rankings
• Vermont - Ethnicity
• Vermont - Religion
• Vermont - Important cities and towns
• Vermont - Education
• Vermont - Crime
• Vermont - State song and symbols
• Vermont - Sources and further reading

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History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominations Chris ...

Including:

• Shakers - Origin of the name
• Shakers - Wardley predecessors
• Shakers - Ann Lee
• Shakers - First Shaker society
• Shakers - Communalism under Joseph Meacham
• Shakers - Expansion and Contraction
• Shakers - Communal spiritual family
• Shakers - Revelations and visions
• Shakers - Culture of work
• Shakers - Culture and artifacts
• Shakers - Shaker music
• Shakers - Modern-day Shakers
• Shakers - Shaker Trust
• Shakers - Reference

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Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths See also 1826 in the United States. 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). 1826 - Events. February 8 - Argentina. Unitarian Bernardino Rivadavia becomes the first President of the country. February 11 - University College London is ...

Including:

• 1826 - Events
• 1826 - Births
• 1826 - Exact month/day of birth unknown
• 1826 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1826: Encyclopedia - 1826

In the 18th Century the philosophies of The Enlightenment would begin to have dramatic effect, and the landmark works of philosophers such as Immanuel Kant and Jean-Jacques Rousseau would have an electrifying effect on a new generation of thinkers. In the late 18th century a movement known as Romanticism would seek to combine the formal rationality of the past, with a greater and more immediate emotional and organic sense of the world. Key ideas that would spark this change are evolution argued by Erasmus Darwin and Johann Wolfgang von Goeth ...

Including:

• 19th-century philosophy - Brief Historical Outline
• 19th-century philosophy - Influences from the Late Enlightenment
• 19th-century philosophy - List of Philosophers

Read more here: » 19th-century philosophy: Encyclopedia - 19th-century philosophy

June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. June 6 - Events. 1508 - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year truce and cede several territories to Venice 1513 - Italian Wars: Battle of Novara. Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis de la Tremoille, forcing the French to abandon Milan. Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored.Including:

• June 6 - Events
• June 6 - Births
• June 6 - 1236 to 1899
• June 6 - 1900 to 1999
• June 6 - Deaths
• June 6 - 1393 to 1899
• June 6 - 1900 to 1999
• June 6 - 2000 onwards
• June 6 - Holidays and observances

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By category Medieval 16th Century - 17th Century 18th Century -19th Century 20th Century - Contemporary Chronological list Writers by category Novelists - Playwrights Poets - Essayists Short Story Writers Jean-Jacques Rousseau (June 28, 1712 – July 2, 1778) was a Franco-Swiss philosopher, writer, political theorist, and self-taught composer of The Age of Enlightenment. Rousseau's political ideas influenced the French Revolution, the development of socialist theory, ...

Including:

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Biography of Rousseau
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Philosophy of Rousseau
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Nature vs. society
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Political theory
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Education
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Religion
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Legacy
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Notes
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Major works
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Online texts

Read more here: » Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Encyclopedia - Jean-Jacques Rousseau