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1709 | A Wisdom Archive on 1709 | | 1709 A selection of articles related to 1709 | |
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1709, 1709, 1709 - Births, 1709 - Deaths, 1709 - Events, 1709 - Ongoing events
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1709 | | | | | |  1709: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Nakamikado - LifeIn 1708, he became Crown Prince. In 1709, upon the abdication of Emperor Higashiyama, he became Emperor. Because of his youth, first his father, the retired Emperor Higashiyama, and then his grandfather, the retired Emperor Reigen ruled in his name.
His reign corresponded to the period from the sixth shōgun, Tokugawa Ienobu, to the eighth shōgun, Tokugawa Yoshimune. During this period, relations with the Bakufu were fairly good. Talk of a marriage between Imperial Princess ??-no-miya Yoshiko (八十宮吉子内親王), daughter of Retired Emperor Reigen and the seventh shōgun, Tokugawa Ietsug ...
See also:Emperor Nakamikado, Emperor Nakamikado - Genealogy, Emperor Nakamikado - Life, Emperor Nakamikado - Eras of his reign Read more here: » Emperor Nakamikado: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Nakamikado - Life |
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| | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - List of the Kings of Georgia - Ancient Iberia Iberia was a Greek-Roman name of the ancient kingdom of Kartli in what is now Eastern Georgia which began about 302 BC and fell to the Byzantines and Persians in 580.
List of the Kings of Georgia - Pharnavazians.
Pharnavaz I (ca 302-237 BC)
Saurmag I (ca 237-162 BC)
Mirian I (ca 162-112 BC)
Pharnajom (ca 112-93 BC)
List of the Kings of Georgia - Arsacids.
Arshak I (ca 93-81 BC)
Artag (ca 81 ...
See also:List of the Kings of Georgia, List of the Kings of Georgia - Ancient Iberia, List of the Kings of Georgia - Pharnavazians, List of the Kings of Georgia - Arsacids, List of the Kings of Georgia - Nimrodids or Second Pharnavazian dynasty, List of the Kings of Georgia - Chosroids, List of the Kings of Georgia - Interregnum, List of the Kings of Georgia - Prince of Iberia, List of the Kings of Georgia - House of Bagrationi, List of the Kings of Georgia - Princes and Kings of Kartli, List of the Kings of Georgia - King of All Georgia, List of the Kings of Georgia - King of Kartli, List of the Kings of Georgia - King of Kartli and Kakheti Read more here: » List of the Kings of Georgia: Encyclopedia II - List of the Kings of Georgia - Ancient Iberia |
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| | | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Provençal literature - Origin It was in the 11th century, and at several places in the extensive territory whose limits have been described in the foregoing account of the Provençal language, that Provençal literature first made its appearance. It took poetic form; and its oldest monuments show a relative perfection and a variety from which it may be concluded that poetry had already received a considerable development. The oldest poetic text, of which the date and origin are not surely determined, is said to be a Provençal burden (Fr. refrain) attached to a La ...
See also:Provençal literature, Provençal literature - Introduction, Provençal literature - Origin, Provençal literature - Poetry of the Troubadours, Provençal literature - France, Provençal literature - Spain, Provençal literature - Italy, Provençal literature - Form, Provençal literature - Narrative Poetry, Provençal literature - Didactic and Religious Poetry, Provençal literature - Drama, Provençal literature - Felibrige Read more here: » Provençal literature: Encyclopedia II - Provençal literature - Origin |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Tokugawa Ietsugu - The Early Years of Shogun Ietsugu 1713-1715 Since Shogun Ietsugu was still a toddler and not old or able enough to rule, he, like his father, was put under the protection and advice of Confucian scholar Arai Hakuseki. Two problems were addressed during Ietsugu's reign: currency reform and foreign trade in Kyushu. Ietsugu did not take much care of the country's matters - his advisors, namely Arai Hakuseki, addressed them.
In 1713, prices were rising. Thus, after various proposals (most after the death of Ienobu) submitted to Shogun Ietsugu and Hakuseki, it was decided that a new ...
See also:Tokugawa Ietsugu, Tokugawa Ietsugu - Early Life 1709-1713, Tokugawa Ietsugu - The Early Years of Shogun Ietsugu 1713-1715, Tokugawa Ietsugu - Foreign Matters 1716, Tokugawa Ietsugu - Death of Shogun Ietsugu 1716 Read more here: » Tokugawa Ietsugu: Encyclopedia II - Tokugawa Ietsugu - The Early Years of Shogun Ietsugu 1713-1715 |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Scots Guards - The Early Years The regiment traces its origins back to 1642 when, by order of King Charles I, the regiment was raised by Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll for service in Ireland, and was known as the Marquis of Argyll's Royal Regiment. It spent a number of years there where they performed a variety of duties, but in the mid-1640s, during the English Civil War, the regiment took part in the fight against James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose who was fighting on the side of Charles I. In 1646, Montrose left ...
See also:Scots Guards, Scots Guards - The Early Years, Scots Guards - A Grand Alliance, Scots Guards - Wars of Succession, Scots Guards - Seven Years War, Scots Guards - Seeing the New World, Scots Guards - The French Revolutionary Wars, Scots Guards - Napoleonic War History Read more here: » Scots Guards: Encyclopedia II - Scots Guards - The Early Years |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Samuel Johnson - Life and work The son of a poor bookseller, Johnson was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire. He attended Lichfield Grammar School. A few weeks after he turned nineteen, on October, 31st 1728, he entered Pembroke College, Oxford; he was to remain there for thirteen months. Though he was a formidable student, poverty forced him to leave Oxford without taking a degree. He attempted to work as a teacher and schoolmaster; initially turned down by Revd. Samuel Lea MA (headmaster of Adams' Grammar School) he found work at a school in Stourbridge, but these ventures were not successful. At the age of twenty-five, he married Elizabeth "Tet ...
See also:Samuel Johnson, Samuel Johnson - Life and work, Samuel Johnson - Major works, Samuel Johnson - Biography Criticism Lexicography Prose, Samuel Johnson - Essays Pamphlets Periodicals, Samuel Johnson - Poetry, Samuel Johnson - Notes Read more here: » Samuel Johnson: Encyclopedia II - Samuel Johnson - Life and work |
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| | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Dresden - History
Dresden - Early and pre-war history.
An ancient Slavic settlement known as Drežďany ("alluvial forest dwellers") on the northern bank of the river was joined in 1206 by a German town on the southern bank, the heart of the present day Altstadt (“old town”), while the Slavic part is called Neustadt ("new town"). Founder of the city was Dietrich of Meißen, Margrave of Meißen.
Since 1270, starting with Henry the Illustrious, Dresden became the capital of the margravate. After the death of ...
See also:Dresden, Dresden - About the city, Dresden - History, Dresden - Early and pre-war history, Dresden - World War II, Dresden - Post-war period communist rule, Dresden - Post-reunification, Dresden - Education and Science Read more here: » Dresden: Encyclopedia II - Dresden - History |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Early Modern France - History of Early Modern France The Early Modern period in French history spans the following reigns:
Valois Dynasty
Louis XI
Charles VIII
Louis XII
Francis I
Henry II and Catherine de Medici
Francis II
Charles IX
Henry III
House of Bourbon
Henry IV
the Regency of Marie de Medici
Louis XIII and his minister Cardinal Richelieu
the Regency of Anne of Austria and her minister Cardinal Mazarin
Louis XIV
the Régence of Philip ...
See also:Early Modern France, Early Modern France - Early Modern France and the French, Early Modern France - Geography, Early Modern France - Demographics, Early Modern France - Language, Early Modern France - History of Early Modern France, Early Modern France - French Renaissance, Early Modern France - France in the 17th and 18th centuries, Early Modern France - Political Structure of the Ancien Régime, Early Modern France - The Economy of Early Modern France, Early Modern France - The Renaissance Economy, Early Modern France - Economy of the Grand Siècle, Early Modern France - The 18th Century Economy, Early Modern France - French Exploration and Colonies, Early Modern France - Literature, Early Modern France - Art Read more here: » Early Modern France: Encyclopedia II - Early Modern France - History of Early Modern France |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Peter I of Russia - Early life Peter, the son of Alexei Mikhailovich of Russia and his second wife, Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, was born in Moscow. Alexei I had previously married Maria Miloslavskaya, having five sons and eight daughters by her, although only two of the sons—Fyodor[1] and Ivan—were alive when Peter was born. Alexei I died in 1676, to be succeeded by ...
See also:Peter I of Russia, Peter I of Russia - Early life, Peter I of Russia - Early reign, Peter I of Russia - Great Northern War, Peter I of Russia - Later years, Peter I of Russia - Death, Peter I of Russia - Legitimate issue, Peter I of Russia - Notes, Peter I of Russia - Reference Read more here: » Peter I of Russia: Encyclopedia II - Peter I of Russia - Early life |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Isaac Newton's later life - Fluxions Up to the time of the publication of the Principia in 1687 the method of fluxions which had been invented by Newton, and had been of great assistance to him in his mathematical investigations, was still, except to Newton and his friends, a secret. One of the most important rules of the method forms the second lemma of the second book of the Principia. Though this new and powerful method was of great help to Newton in his work, he did not exhibit it in the results. He was aware that the well known geometrical methods of the anci ...
See also:Isaac Newton's later life, Isaac Newton's later life - Appointment to the Mint, Isaac Newton's later life - Fluxions, Isaac Newton's later life - Bernoulli's mathematical challenge, Isaac Newton's later life - End of the Professorship and Presidency of the Society, Isaac Newton's later life - Second edition of the Principia, Isaac Newton's later life - The Longitude Problem, Isaac Newton's later life - Theological studies, Isaac Newton's later life - Alchemy, Isaac Newton's later life - Sir Isaac Newton's final years Read more here: » Isaac Newton's later life: Encyclopedia II - Isaac Newton's later life - Fluxions |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Russian history 1682-1796 - Peter the Great and the Russian Empire Peter I, a child of the second marriage of Tsar Aleksey, was at first relegated to the political background, as various court factions struggled to control the throne. Aleksey was succeeded by his son from his first marriage, Feodor III, a sickly boy who died in 1682. Peter then was made co-tsar with his half brother, Ivan V, but Peter's half sister, Sofia, held the real power. She ruled as regent while the young Peter was allowed to play war games with his friends and to roam in Moscow's foreign quarters. These early experiences instilled i ...
See also:Russian history 1682-1796, Russian history 1682-1796 - Note on naming, Russian history 1682-1796 - Peter the Great and the Russian Empire, Russian history 1682-1796 - The era of Russian palace revolutions, Russian history 1682-1796 - Russian imperial expansion and maturation—Catherine II Read more here: » Russian history 1682-1796: Encyclopedia II - Russian history 1682-1796 - Peter the Great and the Russian Empire |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland - 17th Century No General Assembly until 1638
1638, 1641 and 1643 Alexander Henderson AM (Leuchars, later Edinburgh)
1639, 1652 and (?)1653 David Dickson AM (Irvine, Ayrshire)
1640 Andrew Ramsay AM (Edinburgh)
1642, 1645, 1647, 1649, 1651 Robert Douglas AM (Edinburgh)
1644 James Bonar AM (Maybole, Ayrshire)
1646 Robert Blair AM (St Andrews)
1648 George Gillespie AM (Edinburgh)
1650 Andrew Cant AM (Aberdeen)
No General Assembly after 1653 until the restoration of Presb ...
See also:List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland - 16th Century, List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland - 17th Century, List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland - 18th Century, List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland - 19th Century, List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland - 20th Century, List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland - 21st Century, List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland - Source, List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland - Note Read more here: » List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland: Encyclopedia II - List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland - 17th Century |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Roger Elliott - Early life Roger Elliott was born, probably in the Tangier Garrison in Morocco, to George Elliott (CIR 1636 - 1668, the Chirurgeon to the Garrison) and his wife Catherine Maxwell (CIR 1638 - 1709). It is likely that George Elliott was the illegitimate son of Richard Eliot, the wayward second son of Sir John Eliot (1592 - 1632).
Roger's father, George Elliott, died in 1668 and his widowed mother remarried on February 22, 1670 to Robert Spotswood (September 17, 1637 - 1680, the replacement Chirurgeon at the Garrison), and thirdly to Rev Dr George ...
See also:Roger Elliott, Roger Elliott - Early life, Roger Elliott - Military career, Roger Elliott - Gibraltar, Roger Elliott - Return to England, Roger Elliott - Family Read more here: » Roger Elliott: Encyclopedia II - Roger Elliott - Early life |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Colley Cibber - Cibber as playwright Cibber's comedies Love's Last Shift (1696) and The Careless Husband (1704) are early heralds of a massive shift in audience taste, away from the intellectualism and sexual frankness of Restoration comedy and towards the conservative certainties and gender role backlash of exemplary or sentimental comedy. In particular, Love's Last Shift illustrates Cibber's opportunism at a moment in time before the change was assured: fearless of self-contradiction, he puts something for everybody into his first play, com ...
See also:Colley Cibber, Colley Cibber - Life, Colley Cibber - Cibber's autobiography, Colley Cibber - Cibber as actor, Colley Cibber - Cibber as playwright, Colley Cibber - Love's Last Shift, Colley Cibber - The Careless Husband, Colley Cibber - Other plays, Colley Cibber - Cibber as manager, Colley Cibber - Cibber as poet, Colley Cibber - Cibber as dunce, Colley Cibber - Pamphlet wars, Colley Cibber - The King of Dunces, Colley Cibber - Plays, Colley Cibber - Literary Trivia Read more here: » Colley Cibber: Encyclopedia II - Colley Cibber - Cibber as playwright |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Industrial Revolution - Causes The causes of the Industrial Revolution were complex and remain a topic for debate, with some historians seeing the Revolution as an outgrowth of social and institutional changes wrought by the end of feudalism in Great Britain after the English Civil War in the 17th century. The Enclosure movement and the British Agricultural Revolution made food production more efficient and less labour-intensive, forcing the surplus population who could no longer find employment in agriculture into cottage industry, such as weaving, and in the longer term ...
See also:Industrial Revolution, Industrial Revolution - Causes, Industrial Revolution - Causes for occurrence in Europe, Industrial Revolution - Innovations, Industrial Revolution - Transmission of innovation, Industrial Revolution - Factories, Industrial Revolution - Machine tools, Industrial Revolution - Textile manufacture, Industrial Revolution - Mining, Industrial Revolution - Metallurgy, Industrial Revolution - Steam power, Industrial Revolution - Transportation, Industrial Revolution - Navigable rivers, Industrial Revolution - Roads, Industrial Revolution - Coastal sail, Industrial Revolution - Canals, Industrial Revolution - Railways, Industrial Revolution - Social problems, Industrial Revolution - Child labour, Industrial Revolution - Housing situation, Industrial Revolution - Luddites, Industrial Revolution - Organisation of labour, Industrial Revolution - Effects, Industrial Revolution - Intellectual paradigms, Industrial Revolution - Capitalist, Industrial Revolution - Criticism, Industrial Revolution - Marxism, Industrial Revolution - Romantic Movement, Industrial Revolution - The Second Industrial Revolution, Industrial Revolution - Notes, Industrial Revolution - Books Read more here: » Industrial Revolution: Encyclopedia II - Industrial Revolution - Causes |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Restoration comedy - Comedies Variety and dizzying fashion changes are typical of Restoration comedy. Even though the "Restoration drama" unit taught to college students is likely to be telescoped in a way that makes the plays all sound contemporary, scholars now have a strong sense of the rapid evolution of English drama over these forty years and of its social and political causes. The influence of theatre company competitio ...
See also:Restoration comedy, Restoration comedy - Theatre companies, Restoration comedy - Original patent companies 1660–82, Restoration comedy - United Company 1682–95, Restoration comedy - War of the theatres 1695–1700, Restoration comedy - Actors, Restoration comedy - First actresses, Restoration comedy - First celebrity actors, Restoration comedy - Comedies, Restoration comedy - Aristocratic comedy 1660–80, Restoration comedy - Decline of comedy 1678–90, Restoration comedy - Comedy renaissance 1690–1700, Restoration comedy - End of comedy, Restoration comedy - After Restoration comedy, Restoration comedy - Stage history, Restoration comedy - Literary criticism, Restoration comedy - List of notable Restoration comedies Read more here: » Restoration comedy: Encyclopedia II - Restoration comedy - Comedies |
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