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1709 | A Wisdom Archive on 1709 | | 1709 A selection of articles related to 1709 | |
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1709, 1709, 1709 - Births, 1709 - Deaths, 1709 - Events, 1709 - Ongoing events
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1709 | | | |  1709: Encyclopedia II - Steel - History of iron and steelmakingIron was in limited use long before it became possible to smelt it. The first signs of iron use come from Ancient Egypt and Sumer, where around 4000 BC small items, such as the tips of spears and ornaments, were being fashioned from iron recovered from meteorites (see Iron: History). About 6% of meteorites are composed of an iron-nickel alloy, and iron recovered from meteorite falls allowed ancien ...
See also:Steel, Steel - Iron and steel, Steel - History of iron and steelmaking, Steel - The Iron Age, Steel - Developments in China, Steel - India, Steel - Middle East, Steel - Ironworking in medieval Europe, Steel - Ironworking in early modern Europe, Steel - Industrial steelmaking, Steel - Types of steel, Steel - Production methods Read more here: » Steel: Encyclopedia II - Steel - History of iron and steelmaking |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Glasnevin - Grounds Apart from the great cemetery by which the locality is best known, Glasnevin is interesting chiefly by reason of the distinguished people who in bygone days made it their residence or resort. Of these perhaps the best known and most identified with the place is the celebrated divine, Dr. Delany, who lived here in the 18th century, and who assembled around the table in his charming house, Delville, all the Dublin wits and celebrities of his time. Doubtless the chief attraction to many of the vi ...
See also:Glasnevin, Glasnevin - Hart's Corner, Glasnevin - Grounds, Glasnevin - Village of Glasnevin, Glasnevin - Community Read more here: » Glasnevin: Encyclopedia II - Glasnevin - Grounds |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Restoration comedy - Comedies Variety and dizzying fashion changes are typical of Restoration comedy. Even though the "Restoration drama" unit taught to college students is likely to be telescoped in a way that makes the plays all sound contemporary, scholars now have a strong sense of the rapid evolvement of English drama over these forty years and of its social and political causes. The influence of theatre company competitio ...
See also:Restoration comedy, Restoration comedy - Theatre companies, Restoration comedy - Original patent companies 1660–82, Restoration comedy - United Company 1682–95, Restoration comedy - War of the theatres 1695–1700, Restoration comedy - Actors, Restoration comedy - First actresses, Restoration comedy - First celebrity actors, Restoration comedy - Comedies, Restoration comedy - Aristocratic comedy 1660–80, Restoration comedy - Decline of comedy 1678–90, Restoration comedy - Comedy renaissance 1690–1700, Restoration comedy - End of comedy, Restoration comedy - After Restoration comedy, Restoration comedy - Stage history, Restoration comedy - Literary criticism, Restoration comedy - List of notable Restoration comedies Read more here: » Restoration comedy: Encyclopedia II - Restoration comedy - Comedies |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Daniel Boone - Family and early life Daniel was born to Squire Boone (November 25, 1696 - January 2, 1765) and Sarah Jarman Morgan (1700 - 1777) in Birdsboro, Pennsylvania. His father was born to a family of Quakers in Devon, England. Squire Boone immigrated to Pennsylvania in early 1713 along with his older siblings George Boone and Sarah Boone. The rest of the family joined them on September 19 (Old Style)/September 30 (New Style), 1717.
Squire at first settled in Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania but then moved to Lower Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania. There he met Sarah Morgan, daughter to a family o ...
See also:Daniel Boone, Daniel Boone - Family and early life, Daniel Boone - Travels and exploration, Daniel Boone - Revolutionary War battles, Daniel Boone - Resettlement and death, Daniel Boone - Folklore, Daniel Boone - Ancestry, Daniel Boone - Paternal, Daniel Boone - Maternal Read more here: » Daniel Boone: Encyclopedia II - Daniel Boone - Family and early life |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Rouen - Miscellaneous
Rouen - Transportation.
Rouen is served by a light metro system opened in 1994.
Rouen - Education.
École Supérieure de Commerce de Rouen, located at nearby Mont-Saint-Aignan
INSA Rouen
Rouen - Births.
Rouen was the birthplace of:
Isaac Oliver (c.1560-1617), French-born English portrait miniature painter
Samuel Bochart (1599-1667), scholar
Pierre Corneille (1606-1684), tragedian
A ...
See also:Rouen, Rouen - Administration, Rouen - History, Rouen - Sights, Rouen - Miscellaneous, Rouen - Transportation, Rouen - Education, Rouen - Births, Rouen - Twin towns, Rouen - Ecclesiastical history Read more here: » Rouen: Encyclopedia II - Rouen - Miscellaneous |
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| | | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Samuel Johnson - Life and work The son of a poor bookseller, Johnson was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire. He attended Lichfield Grammar School. A few weeks after he turned nineteen, on October, 31st 1728, he entered Pembroke College, Oxford; he was to remain there for thirteen months. Though he was a formidable student, poverty forced him to leave Oxford without taking a degree. He attempted to work as a teacher and schoolmaster; initially turned down by Revd. Samuel Lea MA (headmaster of Adams' Grammar School) he found work at a school in Stourbridge, but these ventures were not successful. At the age of twenty-five, he married Elizabeth "Tet ...
See also:Samuel Johnson, Samuel Johnson - Life and work, Samuel Johnson - Major works, Samuel Johnson - Biography criticism lexicography prose, Samuel Johnson - Essays pamphlets periodicals, Samuel Johnson - Poetry, Samuel Johnson - Notes Read more here: » Samuel Johnson: Encyclopedia II - Samuel Johnson - Life and work |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Tokugawa shogunate - Institutions of the Shogunate
Tokugawa shogunate - Rōjū and Wakadoshiyori.
The rōjū (老中) were the senior members of the shogunate. They supervised the ōmetsuke, machibugyō, ongokubugyō and other officials, oversaw relations with the Imperial Court in Kyoto, kuge (members of the nobility), daimyo, temples and shrines, and attended to matters like divisions of fiefs. Normally, four or five men held the office, and one was on duty for a month at a time on a rotating basis. They conferred on especially important matters. In the ...
See also:Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa shogunate - Government, Tokugawa shogunate - Shogunate and Han, Tokugawa shogunate - Shogun and Emperor, Tokugawa shogunate - Shogun and Foreign Trade, Tokugawa shogunate - Institutions of the Shogunate, Tokugawa shogunate - Rōjū and Wakadoshiyori, Tokugawa shogunate - Ōmetsuke and Metsuke, Tokugawa shogunate - San-bugyō, Tokugawa shogunate - Tenryō Gundai and Daikan, Tokugawa shogunate - List of the Shoguns, Tokugawa shogunate - Reference Read more here: » Tokugawa shogunate: Encyclopedia II - Tokugawa shogunate - Institutions of the Shogunate |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Tōdai-ji - History During the Tempyō period, people suffered from disasters and epidemics. In 743, Emperor Shōmu issued a law that the people should make a Buddha to protect themselves. He believed in Buddha's power could help the people. 420,000 people contributed and 2,180,000 people worked to build it. The Great Buddha itself was designed by Kuninaka-no-muraji Kimimaro whose grandfather was an immigrant from the Korean Baekje Kingdom. According to legend, nearly 2,600,000 in total helped construct the Buddha at that time; this number equates to nearly the ...
See also:Tōdai-ji, Tōdai-ji - History, Tōdai-ji - The size of the Buddha Read more here: » Tōdai-ji: Encyclopedia II - Tōdai-ji - History |
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| | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Taipei - History The region known as the Taipei basin was home to Ketagalan tribes before the 18th century. Han Chinese began to settle in Taipei Basin in 1709.
In the late 19th century, Taipei gained economic importance due to the trade of tea. In 1875, the northern part of Taiwan was separated from Taiwan Prefecture (台灣府) and became Taipei Prefecture (台北府). A new city was established in the Taipei basin for the new bureaucracy, located between two populous towns, Bangka (艋舺) and Dadaocheng (大稻埕). The new city was known as Cheng ...
See also:Taipei, Taipei - Subdivisions, Taipei - Geography, Taipei - History, Taipei - Politics, Taipei - Festivities in Taipei, Taipei - Education, Taipei - Transportation, Taipei - Attractions, Taipei - Pronunciation note, Taipei - Sister Cities Read more here: » Taipei: Encyclopedia II - Taipei - History |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Africa Billings - Words The 1770 version of Africa was published without lyrics. Since it readily fits any iambic quatrain written in couplets of eight and six syllables (common meter), singers of this version would certainly have had no trouble finding lyrics to accompany it, as such quatrains are common in hymn lyrics.
For the 1778 and 1779 versions, Billings did choose lyrics: the first stanza of Hymn #39 of the first volume of hymns (1709) by the famous English hymnodist Isaac Watts.
Now shall my inwards joys arise,
And burst into a Song;
Almighty Love inspires my Heart, ...
See also:Africa Billings, Africa Billings - History, Africa Billings - Music, Africa Billings - Words, Africa Billings - Reception, Africa Billings - Books, Africa Billings - Footnote Read more here: » Africa Billings: Encyclopedia II - Africa Billings - Words |
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| | | | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Augustan literature - Prose Main article: Augustan prose
The essay, satire, and dialogue (in philosophy and religion) thrived in the age, and the English novel was truly begun as a serious art form. Literacy in the early 18th century passed into the working classes, as well as the middle and upper classes (Thompson, Class). Furthermore, literacy was not confined to men, though rates of female literacy are very difficult to establish. For those who were literate, circulating libraries in England began in the Augustan period. Libraries were open to all, but they were mainly associ ...
See also:Augustan literature, Augustan literature - Enlightenment? The historical context, Augustan literature - Political and religious historical context, Augustan literature - History and literature, Augustan literature - Prose, Augustan literature - The essay/journalism, Augustan literature - Philosophy and religious writing, Augustan literature - The novel, Augustan literature - Satire unclassified, Augustan literature - Poetry, Augustan literature - Drama Read more here: » Augustan literature: Encyclopedia II - Augustan literature - Prose |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Augustan prose - The novel As has been indicated above, the ground for the novel had been laid by journalism. It had also been laid by drama and by satire. Long prose satires like Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726) had a central character who goes through adventures and may (or may not) learn lessons. In fact, satires and philosophical works like Thomas More's Utopia (1516), Rabelais's Gargantua and Pantagruel (1532–64), and even Erasmus's In Praise of Folly (1511) had established long fictions subservient to a philosophical purpose. Howev ...
See also:Augustan prose, Augustan prose - The precondition of literacy, Augustan prose - The essay/journalism, Augustan prose - Philosophy and religious writing, Augustan prose - The novel, Augustan prose - Later novels/other trends, Augustan prose - Historians of the novel, Augustan prose - Satire unclassified Read more here: » Augustan prose: Encyclopedia II - Augustan prose - The novel |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Boris Kurakin - Career The Kurakins were one of the greatest Gedyminid families of Muscovy, whose members were promoted straight to the rank of okolnichy, skipping lower ranks like stolnik. In 1683, Boris Kurakin was appointed to young Peter's retinue and took part in all of his military games. In 1695-1696, he participated in the Azov campaigns. In 1697, he was sent to Italy to learn navigation.
His long and honorable diplomatic career began in 1707, when he was sent to Rome to induce the pope not to recognize Charles XII's candidate, Stanislaus Leszczynsk ...
See also:Boris Kurakin, Boris Kurakin - Career, Boris Kurakin - Assessment, Boris Kurakin - External link Read more here: » Boris Kurakin: Encyclopedia II - Boris Kurakin - Career |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Archbishop of Uppsala - Archbishop before the Reformation
Archbishop of Uppsala - 12th century.
1164-1185 Stefan
1185-1187 Johannes.
Johannes was ordained by the Archbishop of Lund, Absalon by November 1185. In 1187, a ship from the pagan Estonia entered Mälaren, a lake close to Uppsala, on a plundering expedition. It sailed to Sigtuna, a prosperous city at that time, and plundered it. On its way back, barricades were set up the only exist point at Almarestäket to prevent the ship from escaping. Johannes was there also. As the ship struggled to pass through, Joh ...
See also:Archbishop of Uppsala, Archbishop of Uppsala - Notable archbishops, Archbishop of Uppsala - Archbishop before the Reformation, Archbishop of Uppsala - 12th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 13th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 14th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 15th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - Archbishops after the Reformation, Archbishop of Uppsala - 16th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 17th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 18th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 19th century, Archbishop of Uppsala - 20th century Read more here: » Archbishop of Uppsala: Encyclopedia II - Archbishop of Uppsala - Archbishop before the Reformation |
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