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1709 | A Wisdom Archive on 1709 | | 1709 A selection of articles related to 1709 | |
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1709, 1709, 1709 - Births, 1709 - Deaths, 1709 - Events, 1709 - Ongoing events
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1709 | | | |  1709: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1569–1795 - House of Vasa
History of Poland 1569–1795 - Zygmunt III Waza 1587–1632.
The first few years of Sigismund's reign, until 1598 saw Poland and Sweden united in a personal union that made the Baltic sea an internal lake. However, the rebellion in Sweden started the chain of events that would involve Commonwealth in more than a century of warfare with Sweden.
In the end, Sigismund III Waza failed to strengthen the Commonwealth nor to solve its internal problems; instead he concentrated on a futile attempt to regain his former Swedish throne.
His ...
See also:History of Poland 1569–1795, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Founding of The Elective Monarchy, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Henryk II Walezy 1572–1573, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Stefan Batory 1576–1586, History of Poland 1569–1795 - House of Vasa, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Zygmunt III Waza 1587–1632, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Polish-Sweden-Muscovy Wars, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Władysław IV Waza 1632-1648, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Jan Kazimierz Vasa 1648–1668, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Decay of the Commonwealth, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki King 1669–1673, History of Poland 1569–1795 - John III Sobieski King 1674–1696, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Augustus II the Strong Wettin King 1697–1706 1709–1733, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Stanislaw Leszczynski King 1706–1709 1733–1736, History of Poland 1569–1795 - August III Wettin King 1733–1763, History of Poland 1569–1795 - The Three Partitions 1764-1795, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Stanisław August Poniatowski King 1764–1795, History of Poland 1569–1795 - Reference Read more here: » History of Poland 1569–1795: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1569–1795 - House of Vasa |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - The historical context
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - The beginnings of the scientific revolution.
Nicholas Copernicus had firmly moved the Earth away from the center of the universe with the heliocentric theory that he presented evidence for in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres) published in 1543. The structure was completed when Johannes Kepler wrote the book Astronomia nova (A new astronomy) in 1609, setting out the evidence that plane ...
See also:Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - The historical context, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - The beginnings of the scientific revolution, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - Newton's context, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - Publication, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - The contents of the book, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - The mathematical language, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - Location of copies, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - Second Edition, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - Third Edition, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - Notes Read more here: » Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica: Encyclopedia II - Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica - The historical context |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Père Lachaise - Famous Personalities Interred A partial list of famous people buried in the Père-Lachaise Cemetery:
Pierre Abélard (1079-1142), medieval French scholastic philosopher, famous for affair with student, Héloïse.
Marie d'Agoult (1805-1876), author
Guillaume Apollinaire (1880-1918), poet & soldier, coined term "surrealism."
Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899-1974), Guatemalan author, winner of the 1967 Nobel Prize in literature
Hubertine Auclert (1848-1914), French feminist
Jean-Pierre Aumont (1911-2001), actor
...
See also:Père Lachaise, Père Lachaise - Origins, Père Lachaise - Famous Personalities Interred Read more here: » Père Lachaise: Encyclopedia II - Père Lachaise - Famous Personalities Interred |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - History of Portugal - Portugal Portugal's name derives from the Roman name Portus Cale (Latin for Warm Port). Cale was the name of an early settlement located at the mouth of the Douro River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean in the north of what is now Portugal. Around 200 BCE, the Romans took the Iberian Peninsula from the Carthaginians during the Second Punic War, and in the process conquered Cale and renamed it Portus Cale. During the Middle Ages, the region around Cale became known by the Visigoths as Portucale. Portucale evolved ...
See also:History of Portugal, History of Portugal - Portugal, History of Portugal - Early history, History of Portugal - Roman Lusitania, History of Portugal - Germanic kingdoms, History of Portugal - Moorish rule and the Reconquista, History of Portugal - Affirmation of Portugal, History of Portugal - Discoveries Odyssey: Glory of the Empire, History of Portugal - Decline of the Empire, History of Portugal - Pombaline Era, History of Portugal - Crises of the Nineteenth Century, History of Portugal - The First Republic, History of Portugal - New State Estado Novo, History of Portugal - The Third Republic, History of Portugal - Timeline Read more here: » History of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - History of Portugal - Portugal |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Montauban - Sights Its fortifications have been replaced by boulevards beyond which extend numerous suburbs, while on the left bank of the Tarn is the suburb of Villebourbon, which is connected with the town by a remarkable bridge of the early 14th century. This bridge is known as Pont Vieux (i.e. "Old Bridge"). King Philip the Fair of France officially launched the building of the bridge in 1303 while on a tour to Toulouse. The project took 30 years to complete, and the bridge was inaugurated in 1335. The main architects were Étienne de Ferrières and ...
See also:Montauban, Montauban - History, Montauban - Sights, Montauban - Economy, Montauban - Demographics, Montauban - Transportation, Montauban - Miscellaneous, Montauban - Births, Montauban - Reference Read more here: » Montauban: Encyclopedia II - Montauban - Sights |
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| | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Newburgh city New York - History The first settlement was made in 1709 by German Lutherans from the Rhenish Palatinate, who named it the Palatine Parish by Quassic. By 1750, most of the Germans had been replaced by people of English and Scottish descent, who in 1752 changed the name to the Parish of Newburgh (after Newburgh, Scotland).
Newburgh was the headquarters of the American army from March, 1782 until the latter part of 1783. The army was disbanded here in 1783. George Washington received the famous Newburgh letter from Nicola proposing that he become king here. ...
See also:Newburgh city New York, Newburgh city New York - History, Newburgh city New York - Geography, Newburgh city New York - Demographics, Newburgh city New York - Famous residents, Newburgh city New York - Literature Read more here: » Newburgh city New York: Encyclopedia II - Newburgh city New York - History |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Royal Norwegian Navy - History The history of the Norwegian navy is long and goes back to the leidang which was first established by King Håkon the Good on Gulating in 955.
During most of the union between Norway and Denmark the two countries had one common fleet. This fleet was established by King Hans in 1509. A large proportion of the crew and officers were Norwegian. In 1709 there were about 15 000 personell enrolled in the common fleet, of these 10 000 were Norwegian. When Tordenskjold did his famous raid at Dynekil in 1716 more than 80 percent of the sailors and 90 perc ...
See also:Royal Norwegian Navy, Royal Norwegian Navy - History, Royal Norwegian Navy - Bases, Royal Norwegian Navy - Organization, Royal Norwegian Navy - Fleet units and vessels present, Royal Norwegian Navy - Surface Flotilla, Royal Norwegian Navy - Mine Warfare Flotilla, Royal Norwegian Navy - Submarine Flotilla, Royal Norwegian Navy - Coastal Combat Flotilla, Royal Norwegian Navy - Coast Guard units and vessels, Royal Norwegian Navy - Naval Schools, Royal Norwegian Navy - Navy vessels future, Royal Norwegian Navy - Navy vessels past, Royal Norwegian Navy - Amphibious landing vessels, Royal Norwegian Navy - Armed auxilaries, Royal Norwegian Navy - Battleships, Royal Norwegian Navy - Corvettes, Royal Norwegian Navy - Destroyers, Royal Norwegian Navy - Frigates, Royal Norwegian Navy - Steamgunships, Royal Norwegian Navy - Submarine hunters, Royal Norwegian Navy - Submarines, Royal Norwegian Navy - Minesweepers, Royal Norwegian Navy - Minelayers, Royal Norwegian Navy - Orlogsbrigg, Royal Norwegian Navy - Torpedo boats, Royal Norwegian Navy - Monitors, Royal Norwegian Navy - Other ships Read more here: » Royal Norwegian Navy: Encyclopedia II - Royal Norwegian Navy - History |
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| | | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Herman Boerhaave - Personal Life On September 14, 1710, Boerhaave married Maria Drolenvaux, the daughter of the rich merchant, Alderman Abraham Drolenvaux. They had four children, of whom one daughter, Maria Joanna, lived to adulthood [1]. In 1722, he began to suffer from an extreme case of gout, recovering the next year.
His principal works are:
Institutiones medicae (Leiden, 1708)
Aphorismi de cognoscendis et curandis morbis (Leiden, 1709), on which his pupil and assistant, Gerard van Swieten (1700-1772) published a commentary in 5 vols. ...
See also:Herman Boerhaave, Herman Boerhaave - Personal Life, Herman Boerhaave - External link Read more here: » Herman Boerhaave: Encyclopedia II - Herman Boerhaave - Personal Life |
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| | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Hainburg an der Donau - History The first settlers in the area were the Illyrians and the Celtic people, who lived in Braunsburg. The today's city is next to ancient Roman settlement of Carnuntum, the capital of the province of Pannonia, where Marcus Aurelius once resided.
Emperor Henry III ordered to built a castle here in 1050.
The town had 2 gates, 15 towers, and a 2.5 km wall in the 13th century.
The castle in 1108 belonged to the Babenbergers.
In the second half of the 12th century, Richard the Lionheart built the castle along with the Viennese gate around 1220 to 1225. The lower part wasn' ...
See also:Hainburg an der Donau, Hainburg an der Donau - Geography, Hainburg an der Donau - Historical population, Hainburg an der Donau - History, Hainburg an der Donau - Sites of interest, Hainburg an der Donau - Economics and infrastructure Read more here: » Hainburg an der Donau: Encyclopedia II - Hainburg an der Donau - History |
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| | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Antonio Vivaldi - Biography His father, Giovanni Battista, a barber before becoming a professinal violinist, taught him to play violin at first, then toured Venice playing violin with his father.
In 1703 Vivaldi was ordained as a priest, soon nicknamed Il Prete Rosso, "The Red Priest", probably because of his red hair. Not long after, in 1704, he was given a dispensation from celebrating the Holy Mass because of his ill-health (he apparently suffered from asthma) and in late 1706 he withdrew from the priesthood and became maestro di violino at an o ...
See also:Antonio Vivaldi, Antonio Vivaldi - Biography, Antonio Vivaldi - Major works, Antonio Vivaldi - Published works in his lifetime, Antonio Vivaldi - Operas, Antonio Vivaldi - Concertos, Antonio Vivaldi - Sacred Works, Antonio Vivaldi - Media, Antonio Vivaldi - Selected historically informed performance ensembles specialising in Vivaldi, Antonio Vivaldi - References and further reading Read more here: » Antonio Vivaldi: Encyclopedia II - Antonio Vivaldi - Biography |
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| | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - History of Berlin - Slavic East Germany Starting in the 6th century Slavic peoples from the east settled in the vacated area between the Elbe and Oder rivers.
About 720 two Slavic tribes settled in the Berlin region. The Heveller (Slavic: Havolane) settled on the river Havel with their central settlement in Brennabor, which later has become the town of Brandenburg. Close to the river Spree in today's borough of Berlin Köpenick the Sprewanen (Slavic: Sprevjane) settled.
About 750 the Havolane founded Spandow (today's Spandau) on the river Havel. This seems to be the close ...
See also:History of Berlin, History of Berlin - Origin, History of Berlin - Slavic East Germany, History of Berlin - The Germans return, History of Berlin - Berlin and Cölln, History of Berlin - Mark Brandenburg, History of Berlin - Kingdom of Prussia, History of Berlin - German Empire, History of Berlin - Weimar Republic, History of Berlin - Third Reich, History of Berlin - Nazi plans for postwar Berlin, History of Berlin - The war comes to Berlin, History of Berlin - The divided city, History of Berlin - Blockade Airlift, History of Berlin - The June 17th Uprising, History of Berlin - Berlin Wall, History of Berlin - Student Movement, History of Berlin - Reunited, History of Berlin - Historical population Read more here: » History of Berlin: Encyclopedia II - History of Berlin - Slavic East Germany |
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| | | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Shakespeare's reputation - 17th century It is impossible to calculate Shakespeare's reputation in his own lifetime and shortly after. England scarcely had a modern literature to speak of prior to the 1570s, and detailed critical commentaries on modern authors did not begin to appear until the reign of Charles I. The facts about his reputation must be surmised from fragmentary evidence. He was included in some contemporary lists of leading poets, but he seems to have lacked the stature of the aristocratic Philip Sidney, who became a cult figure due to his death in battle at a young ...
See also:Shakespeare's reputation, Shakespeare's reputation - 17th century, Shakespeare's reputation - 18th century, Shakespeare's reputation - Britain, Shakespeare's reputation - Elsewhere in Europe, Shakespeare's reputation - 19th century, Shakespeare's reputation - Shakespeare in performance, Shakespeare's reputation - Shakespeare in criticism, Shakespeare's reputation - 20th century, Shakespeare's reputation - Film, Shakespeare's reputation - Poetry, Shakespeare's reputation - Critical quotations Read more here: » Shakespeare's reputation: Encyclopedia II - Shakespeare's reputation - 17th century |
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| | | | | | 1709: Encyclopedia II - Marshal of France - Bourbons
Marshal of France - Eleven Marshals created by Henry IV between 1592 and 1602.
1592
Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Duc de Bouillon, (1555 - 1523)
1594
Charles de Gontaut, Duke of Biron (1562 - 1602)
Claude de La Chatre, Baron de la Maisonfort (1536 - 1614)
Jean de Montluc de Balagny, (1560 - 1603)
1595
Jean III de Baumanoir, Marquis of Lavardin and Count of Nègrepelisse (1551 - 1614)
Henri, Duk ...
See also:Marshal of France, Marshal of France - Marshals of France, Marshal of France - Capetiens, Marshal of France - Six Marshals under Philip Augustus 1180 - 1223, Marshal of France - Eight Marshals under Saint Louis 1226-1270, Marshal of France - Four Marshals under Philip the Bold 1270-1285, Marshal of France - Six Marshals under Philip the Fair 1285-1314, Marshal of France - One Marshal under Louis X 1314-1316, Marshal of France - Three Marshals under Philip V 1316-1322, Marshal of France - One Marshal under Charles IV 1322-1328, Marshal of France - Valois, Marshal of France - Five Marshals under Philip VI of Valois 1328 - 1350, Marshal of France - Four Marshals under John the Good 1350-1364, Marshal of France - Two Marshals under Charles the Wise 1364-1380, Marshal of France - Nine Marshals under Charles the Beloved 1380-1422, Marshal of France - Six Marshals under Charles VII 1422-1461, Marshal of France - Four Marshals under Louis XI 1461-1483, Marshal of France - Two Marshals under Charles VIII 1483-1498, Marshal of France - Valois-Orléans, Marshal of France - Four Marshals under Louis XII 1498-1515, Marshal of France - Valois-Angoulême, Marshal of France - Twelve Marshals under François I 1515-1547, Marshal of France - Five Marshals created by Henry II 1547 - 1559, Marshal of France - One Marshal created by François II in 1559, Marshal of France - Five Marshals under Charles IX de 1560 à 1574, Marshal of France - Seven Marshals under Henry III 1574-1589, Marshal of France - Bourbons, Marshal of France - Eleven Marshals created by Henry IV between 1592 and 1602, Marshal of France - Thirty-four Marshals created by Louis XIII between 1613 and 1643, Marshal of France - Fifty-one Marshals created by Louis XIV between 1643 and 1715, Marshal of France - Thirty-four Marshals under Louis XV from 1715 - 1774, Marshal of France - Twenty Marshals named by Louis XVI 1774 - 1792, Marshal of France - French Empire, Marshal of France - The Second Restoration 1815 - 1830, Marshal of France - Constitutional monarchy, Marshal of France - The Second Republic, Marshal of France - The Second Empire, Marshal of France - The Third Republic, Marshal of France - The Fourth Republic, Marshal of France - The Fifth Republic Read more here: » Marshal of France: Encyclopedia II - Marshal of France - Bourbons |
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