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1700 BC | A Wisdom Archive on 1700 BC | | 1700 BC A selection of articles related to 1700 BC | |
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1700 BC, 17th century BC, 17th century BC - Events, 17th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions, 17th century BC - Overview, 17th century BC - Significant persons
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1700 BC | | | |  1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Chinese language - Spoken ChineseThe map on the right depicts the subdivisions ("languages" or "dialect groups") within Chinese. The traditionally recognized seven main groups, in order of population size are:
Mandarin 北方 or 官話/官话 (old name)
Wu 吳/吴
Cantonese 粵/粤
Min 閩/闽
Xiang 湘
Hakka 客家 or 客
Gan 贛/赣
Chinese linguists have recently distinguished 3 more groups from the traditional seven:
Jin 晉/晋 from Mandarin
Hui 徽 from Wu
...
See also:Chinese language, Chinese language - Spoken Chinese, Chinese language - Language or language family?, Chinese language - Written Chinese, Chinese language - Chinese characters, Chinese language - History, Chinese language - Influence on other languages, Chinese language - Sounds, Chinese language - Romanization, Chinese language - Other Transcriptions, Chinese language - Morphology, Chinese language - Loanwords, Chinese language - Grammar Read more here: » Chinese language: Encyclopedia II - Chinese language - Spoken Chinese |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Chinese language - Spoken Chinese The map on the right depicts the subdivisions ("languages" or "dialect groups") within Chinese. The traditionally recognized seven main groups, in order of population size are:
Mandarin 北方话/北方話 or 官話/官话 (old name)
Wu 吳/吴
Cantonese 粵/粤
Min 閩/闽
Xiang 湘
Hakka 客家 or 客
Gan 贛/赣
Chinese linguists have recently distinguished 3 more groups from the traditional seven:
...
See also:Chinese language, Chinese language - Spoken Chinese, Chinese language - Language or language family?, Chinese language - Written Chinese, Chinese language - Chinese characters, Chinese language - History, Chinese language - Influence on other languages, Chinese language - Sounds, Chinese language - Romanization, Chinese language - Other Transcriptions, Chinese language - Morphology, Chinese language - Loanwords, Chinese language - Grammar Read more here: » Chinese language: Encyclopedia II - Chinese language - Spoken Chinese |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Minoan civilization - Warfare and The Minoan Peace It is generally assumed there was little internal armed conflict on Minoan Crete. In the past, this condition was known as "Pax Minoica," or "The Minoan Peace." As with much of Minoan Crete, however, it is hard to draw any obvious conclusions from the evidence. One sometimes feels that the civilization is much like a Rorschach inkblot, in that intepretations often reflect more of the intepreter than the civilization itself.
Many argue that there is little evidence for ancient Minoan fortifications. But as S. Alexiou has pointed out (i ...
See also:Minoan civilization, Minoan civilization - Geography and climate, Minoan civilization - Chronological history, Minoan civilization - Theories of failure, Minoan civilization - Agriculture, Minoan civilization - Palaces, Minoan civilization - Art, Minoan civilization - Culture, Minoan civilization - Language and writing, Minoan civilization - Politics, Minoan civilization - Religion, Minoan civilization - Warfare and The Minoan Peace, Minoan civilization - Technology, Minoan civilization - Archeological Sites, Minoan civilization - Note Read more here: » Minoan civilization: Encyclopedia II - Minoan civilization - Warfare and The Minoan Peace |
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| | | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Hattusa - The Hittite Imperial City Only a generation later, a Hittite king had chosen the site as his residence and capital. The Hittites, speaking an Indo-European language had been drifting into the area, without notable violence or mass migrations, for some time. The Hattian Hattush now became the Hittite Hattusha, and the king took the name of Hattusili I, the "one from Hattusha." Hattusili marked the beginning of a royal line of H ...
See also:Hattusa, Hattusa - The surroundings, Hattusa - Early history of the city, Hattusa - The Hittite Imperial City, Hattusa - Discovery of the city, Hattusa - Bibliography Read more here: » Hattusa: Encyclopedia II - Hattusa - The Hittite Imperial City |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Aryan migration - Archaeology The Indo-Aryans were nomadic or at least peripatetic, following their herds of cows around from pasture to pasture. Consequently they had no permanent settlements; the RgVeda only mentions temporary huts. These leave no archaeological record. So it is only to be expected that the migrations left no archaeological traces. The Huns are a comparable instance. No one doubts that the Huns actually invaded parts of western Europe on more than one occasion. Yet -- because the Huns were nomads -- they left no archaeological ...
See also:Indo-Aryan migration, Indo-Aryan migration - Overview, Indo-Aryan migration - History, Indo-Aryan migration - Linguistics, Indo-Aryan migration - Philology, Indo-Aryan migration - Rig Veda, Indo-Aryan migration - Vedic and Puranic King lists, Indo-Aryan migration - Puranas, Indo-Aryan migration - Avesta and Airyanem Vaejah, Indo-Aryan migration - Archaeology, Indo-Aryan migration - Indus Valley Civilization, Indo-Aryan migration - Vasishta head, Indo-Aryan migration - Pottery, Indo-Aryan migration - West Asia, Indo-Aryan migration - Astronomical data, Indo-Aryan migration - Physical Anthropology, Indo-Aryan migration - Genetics and Archaeogenetics Read more here: » Indo-Aryan migration: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Aryan migration - Archaeology |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Mail - Modern mail Modern mail is usually organised by national services (that in recent times are increasingly being replaced by privately owned companies), reciprocally interconnected by international regulations (some of which still in their original 18th-century form, many others of which are set out by the Universal Postal Union), organisations and agreements.
Mail - Organization.
The world-wide postal system comprising the individual national postal systems of the world's self-governing states is co-ordinated by the Un ...
See also:Mail, Mail - Early postal systems, Mail - Persia, Mail - China, Mail - Rome, Mail - Other systems, Mail - Modern mail, Mail - Organization, Mail - Payment, Mail - Rules and etiquette, Mail - Rise of electronic correspondence, Mail - Collecting, Mail - Deregulation, Mail - Types of mail, Mail - Letters, Mail - Postal cards and postcards, Mail - Other, Mail - Famous letters, Mail - List of national postal services Read more here: » Mail: Encyclopedia II - Mail - Modern mail |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Zoroaster - Life What we know of the life of Zoroaster is from the Avesta, the Gāthās, the Greek texts, oral history (which is a significant method of teaching in the tradition), and what can be inferred from archaeological evidence.
The 13th section of the Avesta, the Spena Nask, the description of Zoroaster's life, has perished over the centuries. The biographies in the seventh book of the Dēnkard (9th century) an ...
See also:Zoroaster, Zoroaster - Name, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in History, Zoroaster - Life, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in Historical Context, Zoroaster - Date of Zoroaster, Zoroaster - Zoroastrian teachings, Zoroaster - Zoroaster in the West, Zoroaster - Contemporary views, Zoroaster - Bibliography Read more here: » Zoroaster: Encyclopedia II - Zoroaster - Life |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - State - Formation of the state The birth of the state, in the broadest sense of the word, coincides with the rise of civilization. For most of the existence of the human species, people lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers. That lifestyle began to change with the invention of agriculture around the 9th millennium BC. The practice of agriculture made it necessary for human beings to build permanent settlements and spend most of their lives in close proximity to the land they cultivated. Thus, control over land became an issue for the first time. To express that control, vario ...
See also:State, State - Introduction, State - Etymology, State - Nation country and state, State - Formation of the state, State - International point of view, State - The domestic point of view, State - Philosophies of the state Read more here: » State: Encyclopedia II - State - Formation of the state |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Mitanni - History As early as Akkadian times, Hurrians are known to have lived east of the river Tigris on the northern rim of Mesopotamia, and in the Khabur valley. Hurrians are mentioned in the private Nuzi texts, in Ugarit, and the Hittite archives in Hattushsha (Bogazköy). Cuneiform texts from Mari mention rulers of city-states in upper Mesopotamia with both Amurru (Amorite) and Hurrian names. Rulers with Hurrian names are also attested for Urshum and Hashshum, and tablets from Alalakh (layer VII, from the later part of the old-Babylonian period) ...
See also:Mitanni, Mitanni - Hurri Mitanni/Maitani and Hanilgalbat, Mitanni - History, Mitanni - Unknown rulers, Mitanni - Barattarna / Parshatatar, Mitanni - Shaushtatar, Mitanni - Artatama I and Shuttarna II, Mitanni - Artasshumara, Mitanni - Tushratta, Mitanni - Shattiwaza, Mitanni - Shattuara I, Mitanni - Wasashatta, Mitanni - Shattuara II, Mitanni - Hanilgalbat as an Assyrian Province, Mitanni - Neo-Assyrian times, Mitanni - Possible connections to Sanskrit and Indo-Aryans, Mitanni - Mitanni rulers, Mitanni - Towns, Mitanni - Excavations, Mitanni - Sources Read more here: » Mitanni: Encyclopedia II - Mitanni - History |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - State - Formation of the state The birth of the state, in the broadest sense of the word, coincides with the rise of civilization. For most of the existence of the human species, people lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers. That lifestyle began to change with the invention of agriculture around the 9th millennium BC. The practice of agriculture made it necessary for human beings to build permanent settlements and spend most of their lives in close proximity to the land they cultivated. Thus, control over land became an issue for the first time. To express that control, vario ...
See also:State, State - Introduction, State - Etymology, State - Formation of the state, State - International point of view, State - The domestic point of view, State - Philosophies of the state Read more here: » State: Encyclopedia II - State - Formation of the state |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Phaistos Disc - Attempted decipherment A great deal of speculation developed around the disc during the 20th century. The Phaistos Disc captured the imagination of amateur archeologists. Alas, some of the more fanciful interpretations of its meaning are living classics of pseudoarchaeology. Many attempts have been made to decipher the code behind the disc's glyphs. Historically, almost anything has been proposed, including prayers, a narrative or an adventure story, a "psalterion", a call to arms, a board game, and a geometric theorem. While many enthusiasts still believe ...
See also:Phaistos Disc, Phaistos Disc - Discovery, Phaistos Disc - Archaeological context, Phaistos Disc - Physical description, Phaistos Disc - The text, Phaistos Disc - The strokes, Phaistos Disc - Direction of printing and Direction of reading, Phaistos Disc - Attempted decipherment, Phaistos Disc - Uniqueness, Phaistos Disc - Selected bibliography, Phaistos Disc - General, Phaistos Disc - Decipherment claims, Phaistos Disc - New Age speculations Read more here: » Phaistos Disc: Encyclopedia II - Phaistos Disc - Attempted decipherment |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - ECK master - Important ECK masters
ECK master - Rami Nuri.
Rami Nuri is one ECK master, from an unspecified time in the past. According to the religion's beliefs, he now lives in a city called Retz on the planet Venus. Rami Nuri is the guardian of a holy book called the Shariyat-Ki-Sugmad, which is kept in one of what is called a Temple of Golden Wisdom.[7]
ECK master - Lai Tsi.
Similarly, Lai Tsi is an ECK master from a time unspecified in either the website or in Twitchell's ...
See also:ECK master, ECK master - Important ECK masters, ECK master - Rami Nuri, ECK master - Lai Tsi, ECK master - Gopal Das, ECK master - Yaubl Sacabi, ECK master - Fubbi Quantz, ECK master - Rebazar Tarzs, ECK master - Others, ECK master - Women as ECK masters, ECK master - Historical figures as ECK masters, ECK master - Origins of the ECK masters, ECK master - Notes, ECK master - References Read more here: » ECK master: Encyclopedia II - ECK master - Important ECK masters |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Aryan migration - Linguistics The linguistic facts of the situation are little disputed. However, linguistic data alone cannot determine whether this migration was peaceful or invasive. Different linguists have argued for either, or for a combination of both, on extra-linguistic grounds.
Most of the languages of northern South Asia belong to a single language family, the Indo-Aryan subgroup of the Indo-European family of languages. The languages of South India belong to a different language family, the Dravidian languages, which has not been proven to be linked wi ...
See also:Indo-Aryan migration, Indo-Aryan migration - Overview, Indo-Aryan migration - History, Indo-Aryan migration - Linguistics, Indo-Aryan migration - Philology, Indo-Aryan migration - Rig Veda, Indo-Aryan migration - Vedic and Puranic King lists, Indo-Aryan migration - Puranas, Indo-Aryan migration - Avesta and Airyanem Vaejah, Indo-Aryan migration - Archaeology, Indo-Aryan migration - Indus Valley Civilization, Indo-Aryan migration - Vasishta head, Indo-Aryan migration - Pottery, Indo-Aryan migration - West Asia, Indo-Aryan migration - Astronomical data, Indo-Aryan migration - Physical Anthropology, Indo-Aryan migration - Genetics and Archaeogenetics Read more here: » Indo-Aryan migration: Encyclopedia II - Indo-Aryan migration - Linguistics |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Hattusa - The surroundings The landscape surrounding the city included rich agricultural fields, hill lands for pasture, as well as woods. Smaller woods are still found outside the city but in ancient times there were much more. This meant the inhabitants had a great supply for timber when building their houses and other structures. The fields provided the people with a subsistence of wheat, barley and lentils. Linen was also grown, but their primary source for clothing was wool from sheep. They also hunted deer in the forest, but this was probably only a pleasure by ...
See also:Hattusa, Hattusa - The surroundings, Hattusa - Early history of the city, Hattusa - The Hittite Imperial City, Hattusa - Discovery of the city, Hattusa - Bibliography Read more here: » Hattusa: Encyclopedia II - Hattusa - The surroundings |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - State - Introduction The word "state" in contemporary parlance often means the "Westphalian state", in reference to the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 and is used most often in international relations theory. In this sense, the modern state is an entity that enjoys extensive autonomy in its domestic economic and social policy, largely free from interference from other states and powers. A number of modern commentators have claimed that we are experiencing the decline of the Westphalian state as the principal actor of the international system, pointing to eco ...
See also:State, State - Introduction, State - Etymology, State - Nation country and state, State - Formation of the state, State - International point of view, State - The domestic point of view, State - Philosophies of the state Read more here: » State: Encyclopedia II - State - Introduction |
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| | | | | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - State - The domestic point of view Looked at from the point of view of an individual nation, the state is a centralized organization of the whole country. Those studying this dimension emphasize the relationship between the state and its people. The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes argued that in order to avoid a multi-sided civil war, in which life was "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short", individuals must necessarily surrender many of their "natural rights" -- including that of attacking each other -- to the "Leviathan", a unified and centralized state. In ...
See also:State, State - Introduction, State - Etymology, State - Nation country and state, State - Formation of the state, State - International point of view, State - The domestic point of view, State - Philosophies of the state Read more here: » State: Encyclopedia II - State - The domestic point of view |
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| | | | | 1700 BC: Encyclopedia II - Minoan civilization - Art The great collection of Minoan art is in the museum at Heraklion, near Knossos on the north shore of Crete. Minoan art, with other remains of material culture, especially the sequence of ceramic styles, has allowed archaeologists to define three phases of Minoan culture.
The first, Early Minoan phase (EMI, EMII and EMIII) rose out of local Neolithic culture about 2500 BC and lasted until about 2300 BC. The Middle Minoan culture (MMI, MMII and MMIII) lasted from about 2150 BC to 1700 BC. The Late Minoan phase is also subdivided in thre ...
See also:Minoan civilization, Minoan civilization - Geography and climate, Minoan civilization - Chronological history, Minoan civilization - Theories of failure, Minoan civilization - Agriculture, Minoan civilization - Palaces, Minoan civilization - Art, Minoan civilization - Culture, Minoan civilization - Language and writing, Minoan civilization - Politics, Minoan civilization - Religion, Minoan civilization - Warfare and The Minoan Peace, Minoan civilization - Technology, Minoan civilization - Archeological Sites, Minoan civilization - Note Read more here: » Minoan civilization: Encyclopedia II - Minoan civilization - Art |
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