1691 - Events. March 5 - French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons March 20 - Leisler's Rebellion - New governor arrives in New York - Jacob Leisler surrenders after standoff of several hours March 29 - Siege of Mons ends to the city’s surrender May 6 - Spanish inquisition condemns and forcibly baptizes 219 Jews in Palma Majorca. When 37 try to escape the island, they are burned alive at the stake May 16 - Jacob Leisle ...

Including:

• 1691 - Events
• 1691 - Births
• 1691 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1691: Encyclopedia - 1691

College of William and Mary - Early History. The history of the College's founding predates the founding of the United States. It begins in the Virginia Colony, which was first established at Jamestown in 1607. A school of higher education had long been a goal of the original colonists and a notable effort was chartered in 1618 at Henricus (but the plan unfortunately disappeared, along with the ent ...

See also:

College of William and Mary, College of William and Mary - History, College of William and Mary - Early History, College of William and Mary - Training America's Early Leaders, College of William and Mary - Founding of Phi Beta Kappa other secret societies, College of William and Mary - Post-Colonial History, College of William and Mary - Founders of Educational Institutions, College of William and Mary - The Wren Building, College of William and Mary - Priorities, College of William and Mary - Academics, College of William and Mary - Graduate Placement, College of William and Mary - Leadership, College of William and Mary - Past Presidents of the College, College of William and Mary - Traditions, College of William and Mary - Recent developments, College of William and Mary - 300th Anniversary of the Royal Charter, College of William and Mary - Team nickname controversy, College of William and Mary - Notable William and Mary Alumni, College of William and Mary - Friends of the College, College of William and Mary - Notable Professors, College of William and Mary - Notes and references

Read more here: » College of William and Mary: Encyclopedia II - College of William and Mary - History

Determining the length of an irregular arc segment—also called rectification of a curve—was historically difficult. Although many methods were used for specific curves, the advent of calculus led to a general formula that provides closed form solutions in some cases. Length of an arc - Modern methods. Consider a function such that and (its derivative with respect to x) are continuous on [a,b]. The length s of the arc bounded by < ...

Including:

• Length of an arc - Modern methods
• Length of an arc - Historical methods
• Length of an arc - Ancient
• Length of an arc - 1600s
• Length of an arc - Integral form

Read more here: » Length of an arc: Encyclopedia - Length of an arc

August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. August 3 - Events. 8 - Roman general Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. 435 - Deposed Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of the Christological "heresy" (at the time) known as Nestorianism, was exiled by Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt. 1492 - Christopher Columbus sets sail f ...

Including:

• August 3 - Events
• August 3 - Births
• August 3 - Deaths
• August 3 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 3: Encyclopedia - August 3

Matsuo Bashō (Japanese: 松尾芭蕉, Matsuo Bashō, 1644 – 28 November 1694) was the haigo (haikai pen name) of a Japanese poet of the Edo period. He is widely credited with raising the hokku form that would later be revised as haiku to its highest level, although in his lifetime, Bashō was renowned as a poet of haikai no renga (semi-comic linked verse usually created with a group of poets). Matsuo Bashō - Names. "Matsuo" was the poet's family name, but he is usually referr ...

Including:

• Matsuo Bashō - Names
• Matsuo Bashō - Life
• Matsuo Bashō - Works
• Matsuo Bashō - Quotes
• Matsuo Bashō - Resources

Read more here: » Matsuo Bashō: Encyclopedia - Matsuo Bashō

August Hermann Francke (March 22, 1663 - June 8, 1727), was a German Protestant churchman. He was born at Lübeck. He was educated at the gymnasium in Gotha, and afterwards at the universities of Erfurt, Kiel, where he came under the influence of the pietist Christian Kortholt, and Leipzig. During his student career he made a special study of Hebrew and Greek; and in order to learn Hebrew more thoroughly, he for some time put himself under the instructions of Ezra Edzardi at Hamburg. He graduat ...

Read more here: » August Hermann Francke: Encyclopedia - August Hermann Francke

August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. August 14 - Events. 1040 - King Duncan I of Scotland is killed in battle against his cousin and successor Macbeth 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan. (Traditional Japanese date: Twenty-fifth Day of the Seventh Month of ...

Including:

• August 14 - Events
• August 14 - Births
• August 14 - Deaths
• August 14 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » August 14: Encyclopedia - August 14

Aragon (Spanish and Aragonese: Aragón; Catalan: Aragó) is an autonomous community of north-eastern Spain. It has an area of 47,719 km² with a population of 1,217,514 (2003). Aragon is bounded on the north by France, on the east by Catalonia, on the south by Valencia, and on the west by Castile-La Mancha, Castile-Leon, La Rioja, and Navarre. It comprises the provinces of Zaragoza (English: Saragossa or Caesaraugusta), Huesca, and Teruel. It is traversed by the Ebro, mountainous in the north; with beautifu ...

Including:

• Aragon - Language
• Aragon - History
• Aragon - List of Chancellors

Read more here: » Aragon: Encyclopedia - Aragon

Adrien Auzout (January 28th, 1622–May 23rd, 1691) was a French astronomer. He was born in Rouen, France, the son of a clerk in the court of Rouen. His educational background is unknown. In 1664–1665 made observations of comets, and argued in favor of their following elliptical or parabolic orbits. (In this he was opposed by his rival Johannes Hevelius.) Adrien was briefly a member of the Académie Royale des Sciences from 1666 to 1668, and a founding member of the french Royal Obseratory. (He may have left the academy due t ...

Read more here: » Adrien Auzout: Encyclopedia - Adrien Auzout

1647 - Events of the English Civil War. Castle of Aberystwyth razed to the ground by Parliamentarian troops August: Army marches to London December 28, Charles promises church reform. This agreement led to the Second English Civil War. 1647 - Ongoing events. English Civil War (1642-1649) 1647 - Births. January 7 - Wilhelm Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1677) March 12 - Victor-Mauric ...

Including:

• 1647 - Events
• 1647 - Events of the English Civil War
• 1647 - Ongoing events
• 1647 - Births
• 1647 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1647: Encyclopedia - 1647

This article concerns the political movement supporting the restoration of the House of Stuart, not the earlier Jacobean period. For details of the attendant wars, see: Jacobite Rising. It is not about Jacobinism or the Jacobite Orthodox Church. Jacobitism was the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, Great Britain). The movement took its name from the Latin form ...

Including:

• Jacobitism - Political background
• Jacobitism - Religion politics and adventurers
• Jacobitism - Ireland
• Jacobitism - England and Scotland
• Jacobitism - The Scottish Highlands
• Jacobitism - Opportunists and Adventurers
• Jacobitism - Jacobite community ideology and policy
• Jacobitism - Military campaigns and Jacobitism
• Jacobitism - Jacobite war in Ireland
• Jacobitism - Bonnie Dundee
• Jacobitism - The Old Pretender's attempted invasion
• Jacobitism - Union and Hanoverians
• Jacobitism - The 'Fifteen
• Jacobitism - Jacobitism in England
• Jacobitism - Spanish supported Jacobite invasion
• Jacobitism - The Atterbury plot
• Jacobitism - Aftermath of the 'Fifteen in Scotland
• Jacobitism - The Cornbury plot
• Jacobitism - 1744 French invasion attempt
• Jacobitism - The 'Forty-Five'
• Jacobitism - Decline of Jacobitism
• Jacobitism - The Elibank plot
• Jacobitism - Crushing of the clans
• Jacobitism - Henry IX
• Jacobitism - Outcome
• Jacobitism - Romantic revival
• Jacobitism - Jacobite Claimants to the Thrones of England Scotland France and Ireland
• Jacobitism - Future descent after the Duke of Bavaria
• Jacobitism - Alternative Successions

Read more here: » Jacobitism: Encyclopedia - Jacobitism

Iridology is an alternative medicine practice in which patterns, colors and other characteristics of stromal fibers of the iris are examined for information about a patient's systemic health. Practitioners match their observations to iris charts which divide the iris into many zones believed to correspond to specific parts of the human body. Little if any rigorous scientific evidence exists confirming any such link between aspects of the iris and a patient's state of health and there is no recognized ca ...

Including:

• Iridology - Methods
• Iridology - History
• Iridology - Support for iridology
• Iridology - Criticism of iridology
• Iridology - Scientific research into iridology
• Iridology - Regulation licensure and certification
• Iridology - Related practices

Read more here: » Iridology: Encyclopedia - Iridology

Ahmed II (in Arabic أحمد الثانى) (February 25, 1643 – 1695) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Ahmed was the son of Sultan Ibrahim I and succeeded his brother Suleiman II in 1691. His best known act was to confirm Mustafa Köprülü as grand vizier. Only a few weeks after his accession the Ottoman Empire sustained a crushing defeat at the Battle of Slankamen from the Austrians under Margrave Louis William of Baden and was driven from Hungary. During the four years of his reign disaster followed on disaster, and in 1695 Ahmed died ...

Read more here: » Ahmed II: Encyclopedia - Ahmed II

April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). There are 260 days remaining. April 15 - Events. 1450 - Battle of Formigny; Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English forces, ending English domination in northern France. 1632 - Battle of Rain; Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War. 1738 - Premiere in London of Serse, a ...

Including:

• April 15 - Events
• April 15 - Births
• April 15 - Deaths
• April 15 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 15: Encyclopedia - April 15

April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). There are 267 days remaining in the year. April 8 - Events. 217 - Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated (and succeeded) by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus 1203 - Congress in Bilino Polje, where Ban Kulin officially declared his allegiance to the Catholic Church and denounced the heresy. 1730 - Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated.Including:

• April 8 - Events
• April 8 - Births
• April 8 - Deaths
• April 8 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 8: Encyclopedia - April 8

April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining. April 3 - Events. 33 - Crucifixion of Jesus (traditional date) 1077 - Creation of the first Parliament of Friuli 1559 - The treaty, Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis, is signed, ending the Italian Wars. 1860 - The first successful Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins, and is completed on April 13). ...

Including:

• April 3 - Events
• April 3 - Births
• April 3 - Deaths
• April 3 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 3: Encyclopedia - April 3

April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). There are 253 days remaining. April 22 - Events. 1500 - Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. 1509 - Henry VIII ascends the throne of England after the death of his father. 1529 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues or 17° east of the Moluccas. < ...

Including:

• April 22 - Events
• April 22 - Births
• April 22 - Deaths
• April 22 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 22: Encyclopedia - April 22

The game of Basset (in French Bassette, from Italian Bassetta) was considered one of the most polite games with cards, and only fit for persons of the highest rank to play at, on account of the great losses or gains that might accrue on one side or the other. The sums of money lost in France at this game were so considerable that the princes of the blood were in danger of being undone; and after many persons of distinction were ruined the court of France thought fit to forbid Basset. Then faro was invented; and both were soon i ...

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The Battle of the Boyne was a turning point in the Williamite war in Ireland between the deposed King James II of England and VII of Scotland and his son-in-law and successor, William, for the English, Scottish and Irish thrones. It took place on July 1, 1690 (as a consequence of the adoption of the Gregorian calendar the battle is now commemorated on July 12) just outside of the town of Drogheda on Ireland's east coast. Though not militarily decisive, its symbolic importance has made it one of the most infamous battles in British and ...

Including:

• Battle of the Boyne - A sectarian battle?
• Battle of the Boyne - The competing sides
• Battle of the Boyne - Commanders
• Battle of the Boyne - Armies
• Battle of the Boyne - The Battle
• Battle of the Boyne - Aftermath
• Battle of the Boyne - Commemoration of the Battle
• Battle of the Boyne - The Twelfth in Ireland today
• Battle of the Boyne - The battlefield today
• Battle of the Boyne - Sources

Read more here: » Battle of the Boyne: Encyclopedia - Battle of the Boyne

Viluppuram (also Villupuram) is one of thirty districts which make up Tamil Nadu State situated on the southern tip of India. Viluppuram District came into existence on 30 September 1993 when it was created out of South Arcot District. The district headquarters are located at Viluppuram. The district occupies an area of 7217 km² and has a population of 2,943,917 (as of 2001). Viluppuram - Early history. Between the 1st and 4th century AD the Chola were the rulers of the area, Karika ...

Including:

• Viluppuram - Early history
• Viluppuram - Geographical location
• Viluppuram - Sites of interest in Viluppuram
• Viluppuram - Gingee
• Viluppuram - Fortification walls
• Viluppuram - Kalyana Mahal
• Viluppuram - Venugopala Swamy Temple
• Viluppuram - Nandieswarar Thiruvamathur Temple
• Viluppuram - Pachchaiamman Temple
• Viluppuram - Angala parameswari Melmalayanur
• Viluppuram - The temple of Lord Ranganatha Singavaram
• Viluppuram - Krishnagiri Fort
• Viluppuram - Mandagapattu
• Viluppuram - Mel Chittamur
• Viluppuram - Thirunarungondai
• Viluppuram - Auroville
• Viluppuram - Matrimandir
• Viluppuram - Thirukkoilur
• Viluppuram - Kalrayan Hills
• Viluppuram - Mayilam - Arulmigu Subramaniya
• Viluppuram - Thiruvakkarai
• Viluppuram - Thiruvennainallur
• Viluppuram - Marakanam Beach

Read more here: » Viluppuram: Encyclopedia - Viluppuram