1690

The British Sovereign's personal representative to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (the Kirk). Reflecting the Church of Scotland's role as the national church of Scotland, and the Sovereign's role as a member of that Church. Lord High Commissioner - History. Lord High Commissioners were appointed to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Scotland between 1603 and 1707A s the Sovereign's personal representative. The Act of Union 1707 made this function redundant. But a Lord High Commissioner to the ...

See also:

Lord High Commissioner, Lord High Commissioner - Ecclesiastic: Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, Lord High Commissioner - History, Lord High Commissioner - Functions, Lord High Commissioner - Form of address, Lord High Commissioner - Residence, Lord High Commissioner - Household, Lord High Commissioner - Criticism, Lord High Commissioner - Previous Lords High Commissioner, Lord High Commissioner - Historical Political offices, Lord High Commissioner - Lord High Commissioner to the Scottish Parliament, Lord High Commissioner - Ionian Islands Protectorate

Read more here: » Lord High Commissioner: Encyclopedia II - Lord High Commissioner - Ecclesiastic: Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland

1500 1501 1502 1503 1504 1505 1506 1507 1508 1509 1510 1511 1512 1513 1514 1515 1516 1517 1518 1519 1520 1521 1522 1523 1524 1525 1526 1527 1528 1529 1530 1531 1532 1533 1534 1535 1536 1537 1538 1539 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551 1552 1553 1554 1555 1556 1557 1558 1559 1560 1561 1562 1563 1564 1565 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1571 1572 1573 1574 1575 1576 1577 1578 1579 1580 1581 1582 1583 1584 1585 1586 1587 1588 1589 1590 1591 1592 1593 ...

See also:

List of years in science, List of years in science - 1500s, List of years in science - 1600s, List of years in science - 1700s, List of years in science - 1800s, List of years in science - 1900s, List of years in science - 2000s

Read more here: » List of years in science: Encyclopedia II - List of years in science - 1500s

List of battles geographic - Croatian War of Independence. Battle of Vukovar - 1991 Operation Storm - 1995 ...

See also:

List of battles geographic, List of battles geographic - Angola, List of battles geographic - Austria, List of battles geographic - Australia, List of battles geographic - Bangladesh, List of battles geographic - Belarus, List of battles geographic - Belgium, List of battles geographic - Bosnia and Herzegovina, List of battles geographic - Brazil, List of battles geographic - Bulgaria, List of battles geographic - Canada, List of battles geographic - Costa Rica, List of battles geographic - Croatia, List of battles geographic - Croatian War of Independence, List of battles geographic - Czech Republic, List of battles geographic - Hussite Wars, List of battles geographic - Thirty Years' War, List of battles geographic - Seven Years' War, List of battles geographic - Napoleonic Wars, List of battles geographic - Austro-Prussian War, List of battles geographic - World War II, List of battles geographic - China, List of battles geographic - East Timor, List of battles geographic - England, List of battles geographic - Ethiopia, List of battles geographic - France, List of battles geographic - Germany, List of battles geographic - Greece, List of battles geographic - Hungary, List of battles geographic - India, List of battles geographic - Indonesia, List of battles geographic - Iraq, List of battles geographic - Ireland, List of battles geographic - Italy, List of battles geographic - Japan, List of battles geographic - Japanese Islands, List of battles geographic - Korea, List of battles geographic - Latvia, List of battles geographic - Manchuria, List of battles geographic - Marshall Islands, List of battles geographic - Morocco, List of battles geographic - Netherlands, List of battles geographic - New Zealand, List of battles geographic - Nicaragua, List of battles geographic - Norway, List of battles geographic - Oman, List of battles geographic - Pakistan, List of battles geographic - Poland, List of battles geographic - Portugal, List of battles geographic - Romania, List of battles geographic - Russia, List of battles geographic - Scotland, List of battles geographic - Slovenia, List of battles geographic - Spain, List of battles geographic - Sweden, List of battles geographic - Turkey, List of battles geographic - Ukraine, List of battles geographic - United States, List of battles geographic - Venezuela, List of battles geographic - Vietnam, List of battles geographic - Wales, List of battles geographic - Yemen

Read more here: » List of battles geographic: Encyclopedia II - List of battles geographic - Croatia

Italics indicate individuals who did not themselves use the title of "King of Jerusalem". Kings of Jerusalem - Cypriot claimants. Henry II (1285) 1291–1324 Hugh 1324–1359 Peter I 1359–1369 Peter II 1369–1382 James I 1382–1398 Janus 1398–1432 Jean 1432–1458 Charlotte I 1458–1485 (d. 1487) m. 1459 her cousin Louis of Savoy (d. 1482) In 1460, Charlotte was dispossessed of Cyprus by her illegitimate half-brother James. However ...

See also:

Kings of Jerusalem, Kings of Jerusalem - Kings of Jerusalem 1099-1291, Kings of Jerusalem - Claimants to the throne of Jerusalem, Kings of Jerusalem - Lines of succession in several claims, Kings of Jerusalem - Cypriot claimants, Kings of Jerusalem - Neapolitan claimants, Kings of Jerusalem - Other Claims

Read more here: » Kings of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia II - Kings of Jerusalem - Lines of succession in several claims

Khushhal Khan was born in Akora, the son of Shahbaz Khan, a chief of the Khattak tribe. By appointment of the Moghul emperor, Shah Jehan, Khushhal succeeded his father in 1641, but Aurangzeb, Shah Jehan's successor, kept him a prisoner in the Gwaliar fortress in Delhi. After Khushhal was permitted to return to Peshawar he incited the Pashtuns to rebel. His grave carries the inscription: "I have taken up the sword to defend the pride of the Afghan, I am Khushal Khattak, the honorable man of the age." The Khattak tribe of Khushhal Khan now lives in the areas o ...

See also:

Khushal Khan Khattak, Khushal Khan Khattak - Life

Read more here: » Khushal Khan Khattak: Encyclopedia II - Khushal Khan Khattak - Life

Samoylovych's father was a priest in a village near Zhitomir. Ivan first rose to prominence during Ivan Briukhovetsky's revolt against Muscovy. After Briukhovetsky's execution he supported Demian Mnohohrishny as a new hetman and swore allegiance to the Russian tsar. Securing Mnohohrishny's deposition, he was elected the Hetman of the Left-Bank Ukraine in Konotop on June 17, 1672. Samoylovych's principal ambition was to control the Right-bank Ukraine, where two rival hetmans, Petro Doroshenko and Mykhailo Khanenko, were active. In 1674 ...

See also:

Ivan Samoylovych, Ivan Samoylovych - Rise to power, Ivan Samoylovych - Zgon, Ivan Samoylovych - Conflict with Galitzine

Read more here: » Ivan Samoylovych: Encyclopedia II - Ivan Samoylovych - Rise to power

Main article: Governor-General in the Swedish Realm Carl Carlsson Gyllenhielm (1617-) Bengt Oxenstierna (1634-1643) Simon Grundel-Helmfelt (1659-1673) Gustaf Adam Banér (1678-1681) Goran von Sperling (1683-1690) ...

See also:

Swedish Ingria, Swedish Ingria - Governors-General

Read more here: » Swedish Ingria: Encyclopedia II - Swedish Ingria - Governors-General

In the winter of 1661/62, he commensed preaching at the Old North Church of Boston, and was ordained there on May 27, 1664. Increase Mather - Doctrinal beliefs. During the 1662 Puritan Synod (Representing the Church of Dorchester) he opposed the Halfway Covenant, which was adopted by the Synod and proponed by his father. Soon afterwards, though, he switched sides and became one of the chief exponents of the Covenant. Despite this, he was bitterly opposed to the liberal practices that followed the Covenant and (after 1677) particularly to that o ...

See also:

Increase Mather, Increase Mather - Early Life, Increase Mather - Religious activity after his return, Increase Mather - Doctrinal beliefs, Increase Mather - Church government Framer, Increase Mather - Defending Massachusetts, Increase Mather - President of Harvard, Increase Mather - His personality

Read more here: » Increase Mather: Encyclopedia II - Increase Mather - Religious activity after his return

Human migration has taken place at all times and in the greatest variety of circumstances. It has been tribal, national, class and individual. Its causes have been climatic, political, economic, religious, or mere love of adventure. Its causes and results are fundamental for the study of ethnology, of political and social history, and of political economy. In its natural origins, it includes the separate migrations first of Homo erectus then of Homo sapiens (Homo sapiens sapiens) out of Africa across Eurasia, doub ...

See also:

Human migration, Human migration - Overview of historical migrations, Human migration - Earliest migrations, Human migration - Spread of Agriculture, Human migration - Indo-European migrations, Human migration - The Great Migrations, Human migration - Other Old World migrations, Human migration - Polynesian migration, Human migration - Migrations to the New World, Human migration - World War II and post-World War II Migrations, Human migration - Migrations and climate cycles, Human migration - Toward an understanding of migration, Human migration - Types of Migrations, Human migration - Laws of Migration, Human migration - Causes of Migrations, Human migration - Literature

Read more here: » Human migration: Encyclopedia II - Human migration - Overview of historical migrations

James, the second surviving son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France, was born at St. James's Palace in 1633 and created Duke of York in 1644. During the English Civil War—in which his father fought Parliamentary and Puritan forces—he stayed in Oxford, a Royalist stronghold. When the city surrendered in 1646, the Duke of York was confined in St James's Palace by parliamentary command. In 1648, he escaped from the Palace, whence he went to The Hague in disguise. When Charles I was executed by the rebels in 1649, monarchists proclaim ...

See also:

James II of England, James II of England - Early life, James II of England - Religion, James II of England - Reign, James II of England - Glorious Revolution, James II of England - Later years, James II of England - Legacy, James II of England - Style and arms, James II of England - Issue, James II of England - Miscellaneous, James II of England - External link

Read more here: » James II of England: Encyclopedia II - James II of England - Early life

Carteret's interests were however in foreign, and not in domestic policy. His serious work in public life began with his appointment, early in 1719, as Ambassador to Sweden. During this and the following year he was employed in saving Sweden from the attacks of Peter the Great, and in arranging the pacification of the north. His efforts were finally successful. During this period of diplomatic work he acquired an exceptional knowledge of the affairs of Europe, and in particular of Germany, and displayed great tact and temper in dealin ...

See also:

John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Family, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Marriage, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Diplomat, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Rivalry with Walpole, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Americas, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Queen Caroline, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Earl of Granville, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Death

Read more here: » John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville: Encyclopedia II - John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Diplomat

The arrangement of justices north and south of Trent did not become fixed until 1236. John Marshall (apptd. November 8, 1217), justice of the forest of all England Brian de l'Isle (apptd. March 6, 1220), justice of the forest of all England Hugh de Neville (apptd. April 29, 1224), justice of the forest of all England Brian de l'Isle (apptd. October 8, 1229), justice of the forest in the counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, York, Lancaster, Derby, Lincoln, Rutland, Northampton, Buckingham, Essex, Cam ...

See also:

Justice in Eyre, Justice in Eyre - Early Justices, Justice in Eyre - Justices in Eyre north of the Trent, Justice in Eyre - Justices in Eyre south of the Trent, Justice in Eyre - Source

Read more here: » Justice in Eyre: Encyclopedia II - Justice in Eyre - Early Justices

Jupiter has been known since ancient times and is visible to the naked eye in the night sky. In 1610, Galileo Galilei discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter using a telescope, the first observation of moons other than Earth's. Jupiter is 2.5 times more massive than all the other planets combined, so massive that its barycenter with the Sun actually lies above the Sun's surface (1.068 solar radii from the Sun's center). It is 318 times more massive than Earth, with a diameter 11 times that of Earth, and with a volume 1300 times t ...

See also:

Jupiter, Jupiter - Overview, Jupiter - Physical characteristics, Jupiter - Planetary composition, Jupiter - Atmosphere, Jupiter - Planetary rings, Jupiter - Magnetosphere, Jupiter - Exploration of Jupiter, Jupiter - Pioneer flyby missions, Jupiter - Voyager flyby missions, Jupiter - Ulysses flyby mission, Jupiter - Galileo mission, Jupiter - Cassini flyby mission, Jupiter - Future probes, Jupiter - Natural satellites, Jupiter - Galilean moons, Jupiter - Classification of Jupiter's moons, Jupiter - Life on Jupiter, Jupiter - Trojan asteroids, Jupiter - Cometary impact, Jupiter - Jupiter in fiction and film, Jupiter - Jupiter and Internet conspiracists, Jupiter - Special characters

Read more here: » Jupiter: Encyclopedia II - Jupiter - Overview

Eybeschutz's father was the rabbi in Ivančice (German: Eibenschütz, sometimes Eibeschutz), Moravia. On his father's death, Eybeschutz studied in the yeshiva of Meir Eisenstadt in Prostějov (Prossnitz), and then later in Holešov (Holleschau); he was a child prodigy in Talmud. He lived in Vienna for a short time. He then married Elkele Spira, daughter of Rabbi Isaac Spira, and they lived in Hamburg for two years with Mordecai ha-Kohen, Elkele's maternal grandfather. Eybeschutz settled in Prague in 1715 and became head of the yeshivah and a ...

See also:

Jonathan Eybeschutz, Jonathan Eybeschutz - Biography, Jonathan Eybeschutz - Controversy, Jonathan Eybeschutz - Works

Read more here: » Jonathan Eybeschutz: Encyclopedia II - Jonathan Eybeschutz - Biography

John Rushworth - Background. John Rushworth was born c.1612 in Northumberland, England and was a contemporary of John Lilburne whose writings, like those of Rushworth, had a profound impact on the history of the English Civil Wars of the 1600s. Although his senior, he also shared much in common with Oliver Cromwell (born 1599), because they were evangelical Christians who believed that the Church of England should undergo a total reformation, contrary to the wishes of King Charles I. ...

See also:

John Rushworth, John Rushworth - Brief biography, John Rushworth - Background, John Rushworth - Early life, John Rushworth - Political involvement, John Rushworth - Rushworth's papers, John Rushworth - Legal authority, John Rushworth - Death of Cromwell, John Rushworth - Restoration of the monarchy, John Rushworth - Legacy, John Rushworth - Reference

Read more here: » John Rushworth: Encyclopedia II - John Rushworth - Brief biography

Mark Kerr was created Lord Newbottle in 1591 and Earl of Lothian in 1606, both with remainder to his heirs male. In 1621 both titles were surrendered by the 2nd Earl and regranted with a special remainder to his daughters, the eldest of whom, Lady Anne Kerr, succeeded to both titles on his death in 1624. Her husband, Sir William Kerr (eldest son of Sir Robert Kerr, later 1st Earl of Ancram) was created Lord Ker of Newbattle and Earl of Lothian in 1631. On her death in 1667 their eldest son became 4th Earl of Lothian (though he was not recognised as such) ...

See also:

Marquess of Lothian, Marquess of Lothian - History of the titles, Marquess of Lothian - Earls of Lothian first creation 1606, Marquess of Lothian - Earls of Lothian second creation 1631, Marquess of Lothian - Earls of Ancram 1633, Marquess of Lothian - Marquesses of Lothian 1701

Read more here: » Marquess of Lothian: Encyclopedia II - Marquess of Lothian - History of the titles

Founded in 1142 on the orders of Saint Malachy (the Archbishop of Armagh), the Abbey sat on the banks of the River Mattock, some 10 km (6 miles) from Drogheda. Mellifont Abbey became the model for other Cistercian abbeys built in Ireland, with its formal style of architecture imported from the abbeys of the same order in Europe, and was the main abbey in Ireland until it was closed in 1539, when it became a fortified house. ...

See also:

Mellifont Abbey, Mellifont Abbey - Origins, Mellifont Abbey - The Synod of 1154, Mellifont Abbey - The Abbey since closure

Read more here: » Mellifont Abbey: Encyclopedia II - Mellifont Abbey - Origins

See Also:History of the Falkland Islands Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - First Settlements. Claims of 16th century Spanish and English discovery have been advanced for centuries, but Dutchman Sebald de Weert's 1600 discovery is the earliest one that is accepted generally. France was the first country to establish de facto control in the Falkland Islands, with the foundation of Port Louis in East Falkland, in 1764. The French c ...

See also:

Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - History of Sovereignty claims, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - First Settlements, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Spanish involvement, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Argentina, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - United Kingdom, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Sovereignty discussions, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Breakdown of negotiations, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Confrontation, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Falklands War, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Post War, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Current Claims, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Argentina, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - United Kingdom, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - International Position, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Supporters of the British claim, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Supporters of the Argentine claim, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Neutral, Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - Sources

Read more here: » Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands: Encyclopedia II - Sovereignty of the Falkland Islands - History of Sovereignty claims

The original Pennsylvania constitutions, drafted by William Penn, established a Provincial Court under the control of his British governors. The General Assembly, however, espoused the principle of separation of powers and formally called for a third branch of government starting with the 1701 Judiciary Bill. In 1722, the appointed British governor needed the House to raise revenues. House leaders agreed t ...

See also:

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Supreme Court of Pennsylvania - History, Supreme Court of Pennsylvania - Composition and rules, Supreme Court of Pennsylvania - Supreme Court Justices

Read more here: » Supreme Court of Pennsylvania: Encyclopedia II - Supreme Court of Pennsylvania - History

By 1650, The Irish Confederates and their English Royalist allies had been driven out of eastern Ireland by the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. They occupied a defensive position behind the River Shannon, of which Limerick was the southern stronghold. Oliver Cromwell himself had left Ireland in May 1650, delegating his command of the English Parliamentarian forces to Henry Ireton. Ireton moved his forces north from Munster to besiege Limerick in October of that year. However, the weather was increasingly wet and cold and Ireton was forced t ...

See also:

Sieges of Limerick, Sieges of Limerick - The Confederate Siege 1642, Sieges of Limerick - The Cromwellian Siege 1650-51, Sieges of Limerick - The Williamite Sieges 1690-91, Sieges of Limerick - Sources

Read more here: » Sieges of Limerick: Encyclopedia II - Sieges of Limerick - The Cromwellian Siege 1650-51

Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs. Khalid ibn al-Walid (635-636) Abu Ubaid (636-637) Amr ibn al-Aas (637-640) Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan (640) Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (640-661) Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty ruling in Damascus. Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan (661-680) Yazid I ibn Muawiyah (680-683) Muawiya II ibn Yazid (683-684) Marwan I ibn Hakam (684-685) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685-705)See also:

Rulers of Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Canaanite, Rulers of Damascus - Aram Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Period of non-independence, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty ruling in Damascus, Rulers of Damascus - Abbasid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Fatimid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Seljuk emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Burid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Zengid atabegs, Rulers of Damascus - Ayyubid sultans, Rulers of Damascus - Mameluk Bahrid emirs, Rulers of Damascus - Ottoman walis, Rulers of Damascus - Hashemite kingdom, Rulers of Damascus - Capital of Syria

Read more here: » Rulers of Damascus: Encyclopedia II - Rulers of Damascus - Ummayad dynasty

The first building on this site was a fortress with a core tower built in the 13th century by Birger Jarl to defend Lake Mälaren. The fortress grew to a palace, named Tre Kronor ("Three Crowns") after the core towers' spire. In the late 16th century, much work was done to transform the old fortress into a Renaissance-style palace under King John III. In 1690, it was decided to rebuild the palace in Baroque style. In 1692, work began on the northern row. It was complete in 1697, but much of the palace burned to the ground following a fire on on May 7, 1697 aft ...

See also:

Stockholm Palace, Stockholm Palace - History, Stockholm Palace - The palace today, Stockholm Palace - Interior, Stockholm Palace - The western row, Stockholm Palace - The eastern row, Stockholm Palace - The northern row, Stockholm Palace - The southern row, Stockholm Palace - The northeast wing, Stockholm Palace - External link

Read more here: » Stockholm Palace: Encyclopedia II - Stockholm Palace - History