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1690 | A Wisdom Archive on 1690 | | 1690 A selection of articles related to 1690 | |
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1690, 1690, 1690 - Births, 1690 - Deaths, 1690 - Events
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1690 | | | | |  1690: Encyclopedia II - Kaliningrad - History
Kaliningrad - Teutonic Order.
Around 300 BCE an Old Prussian settlement called Pregnore was founded near the site of modern Kaliningrad. This settlement was conquered and destroyed during the conquest of Prussia by the Teutonic Order. In its place Königsberg ("King's Mountain" in German) was founded in 1255 by King Otakar II of Bohemia and named in his honor due to his involvement in the Northern Crusades. Over a long period, the Teutonic Knights, assisted by various knights from Western Europe, co ...
See also:Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad - History, Kaliningrad - Teutonic Order, Kaliningrad - Ducal Prussia, Kaliningrad - Brandenburg-Prussia and German Empire, Kaliningrad - Weimar Republic, Kaliningrad - Third Reich, Kaliningrad - Soviet Union, Kaliningrad - Russian Federation, Kaliningrad - Kaliningrad's future, Kaliningrad - Geography, Kaliningrad - Economy, Kaliningrad - Sightseeing, Kaliningrad - Famous people from Königsberg/Kaliningrad Read more here: » Kaliningrad: Encyclopedia II - Kaliningrad - History |
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| | | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Louis XIV of France - Early years On his birth at Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1638 his parents Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, who had been childless for twenty-three years, regarded him as a divine gift. (These circumstances have led some to postulate a different biological father for the boy, rather than Louis XIII. Anne of Austria, however, had denied these claims.) Louis came from a multicultural background since his paternal grandparents were Henry IV and Marie de' Medici, who were French and Italian. His maternal grandfather, Philip III was of Spanish descent and his mate ...
See also:Louis XIV of France, Louis XIV of France - Early years, Louis XIV of France - War and the Low Countries, Louis XIV of France - Height of power, Louis XIV of France - Decline, Louis XIV of France - The Spanish Succession, Louis XIV of France - Death, Louis XIV of France - Style and arms, Louis XIV of France - Legitimate issue Read more here: » Louis XIV of France: Encyclopedia II - Louis XIV of France - Early years |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Ketchup - History Ketchup in the 1800s referred to any sauce made with vinegar. As the century progressed, tomato ketchup began its ascent in popularity, influenced by an American enthusiasm for tomatoes.
In the Sugar House Book, published in 1801, a ketchup recipe was given:
Get [the tomatoes] quite ripe on a dry day, squeeze them with your hands till reduced to a pulp, then put half a pound of fine salt to one hundred tomatoes, and boil them for two hours.
Stir them to prevent burning.
While hot ...
See also:Ketchup, Ketchup - History, Ketchup - A 20th century grape ketchup recipe, Ketchup - Later innovations, Ketchup - Nutrition, Ketchup - Etymology, Ketchup - Early uses in English, Ketchup - The China connection, Ketchup - Ketchup and U.S. politics Read more here: » Ketchup: Encyclopedia II - Ketchup - History |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Jacobite Rising - The Young Pretender
Jacobite Rising - 1744 French invasion attempt.
During 1743 the War of the Austrian Succession drew Britain and France into open, though unofficial, hostilities against each other. Leading English Jacobites made a formal request to France for armed intervention and the French king's Master of Horse toured southern England meeting Tories and discussing their proposals. In November 1743 Louis XV of France authorised a large-scale invasion of southern England in February 1744 which was to be a surprise attack with t ...
See also:Jacobite Rising, Jacobite Rising - Glorious Revolution, Jacobite Rising - Jacobite war in Ireland, Jacobite Rising - Bonnie Dundee, Jacobite Rising - The Old Pretender, Jacobite Rising - The Old Pretender's attempted invasion, Jacobite Rising - The 'Fifteen, Jacobite Rising - Spanish supported Jacobite invasion, Jacobite Rising - Aftermath of the 'Fifteen, Jacobite Rising - The Young Pretender, Jacobite Rising - 1744 French invasion attempt, Jacobite Rising - The 'Forty-Five', Jacobite Rising - Common Misconceptions about the Jacobites and the '45: Read more here: » Jacobite Rising: Encyclopedia II - Jacobite Rising - The Young Pretender |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Isaac Watts - Life Born in Southampton, Watts was brought up in the home of a committed Nonconformist - his father had been imprisoned twice for his controversial views. At his local school he learnt Latin, Greek and Hebrew, and displayed a propensity for rhyme at home, driving his parents to the point of distraction on many occasions with his verse. Once, he had to explain how he came to have his eyes open during prayers.
"A little mouse for want of stairs
ran up a rope to say its prayers."
Receiving corporal punishment for this, he cried
"O father, do some pity take
And I w ...
See also:Isaac Watts, Isaac Watts - Life, Isaac Watts - Other works, Isaac Watts - List of hymns Read more here: » Isaac Watts: Encyclopedia II - Isaac Watts - Life |
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| | | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - History of Scotland - Prehistoric settlement For more detail on this period see Prehistoric Scotland.
People lived in Scotland for at least 8500 years before recorded history dealt with Britain. At times during the last interglacial period (130,000 – 70,000 BC) Europe had a climate warmer than today's, and early humans may have made their way to Scotland, though archaeologists have found no traces of this. Glaciers then scoured their way across most of Britain, and only after the ice ...
See also:History of Scotland, History of Scotland - Prehistoric settlement, History of Scotland - Roman invasion, History of Scotland - Post-Roman Scotland, History of Scotland - Rise of the Kingdom of Alba, History of Scotland - Anglo-Norman influence, History of Scotland - War with England, History of Scotland - Late Mediaeval events, History of Scotland - Mary Queen of Scots, History of Scotland - Protestant Reformation, History of Scotland - Wars of the Three Kingdoms and the Puritan Commonwealth, History of Scotland - Bishops Wars, History of Scotland - Civil War in England and Scotland, History of Scotland - Cromwellian Occupation and Restoration, History of Scotland - The Glorious Revolution, History of Scotland - Scottish overseas colonies, History of Scotland - Union the Hanoverians and the Jacobites, History of Scotland - Industrial Revolution Clearance and Enlightenment, History of Scotland - 20th Century Scotland, History of Scotland - 21st Century Scotland Read more here: » History of Scotland: Encyclopedia II - History of Scotland - Prehistoric settlement |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - History of Mumbai - Ancient times The present day Mumbai city region was originally made up of seven small isles. The islands were Bombay, Parel, Mazagaon, Mahim, Colaba, Worli and Old Woman's Island (also known as Little Colaba). Further north laid the large islands of Salsette and Trombay. Artifacts found near Kandivali in northern Mumbai indicate that these islands were inhabited since the Stone Age. In the 3rd century BC, they were part of the Magadha empire ruled by the Buddhist emperor Ashoka. The Kanheri Caves, Elephanta Caves, Jogeshwari Caves and the Mahakali Caves ...
See also:History of Mumbai, History of Mumbai - Ancient times, History of Mumbai - Portuguese era, History of Mumbai - British East India, History of Mumbai - Parsi arrivals, History of Mumbai - Bombay Castle, History of Mumbai - Reclamations, History of Mumbai - Hornby Vellard, History of Mumbai - Other causeways, History of Mumbai - Early 1800s Read more here: » History of Mumbai: Encyclopedia II - History of Mumbai - Ancient times |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Human migration - Overview of historical migrations Human migration has taken place at all times and in the greatest variety of circumstances. It has been tribal, national, class and individual. Its causes have been climatic, political, economic, religious, or mere love of adventure. Its causes and results are fundamental for the study of ethnology, of political and social history, and of political economy.
In its natural origins, it includes the separate migrations first of Homo erectus then of Homo sapiens (Homo sapiens sapiens) out of Africa across Eurasia, doub ...
See also:Human migration, Human migration - Overview of historical migrations, Human migration - Earliest migrations, Human migration - Spread of Agriculture, Human migration - Indo-European migrations, Human migration - The Great Migrations, Human migration - Other Old World migrations, Human migration - Polynesian migration, Human migration - Migrations to the New World, Human migration - World War II and post-World War II Migrations, Human migration - Migrations and climate cycles, Human migration - Literature Read more here: » Human migration: Encyclopedia II - Human migration - Overview of historical migrations |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Europe - History of Human rights in Europe
Human rights in Europe - Pre-1945.
1689: The English Bill of Rights, England.
1689: The Claim of Right, Scotland.
1690: The Second Treatise of Civil Government by John Locke.
Between 1750 and 1860: The majority of the Inclosure Acts, a number of United Kingdom Acts of Parliament inclosed common land in the country taking away the rights that people once held, to graze animals on these areas when not planted by crops. N.B: Common usage is enclosure, but this is not the name of the acts.
1772: British court ruling by William Mur ...
See also:Human rights in Europe, Human rights in Europe - History of Human rights in Europe, Human rights in Europe - Pre-1945, Human rights in Europe - 1945-1984, Human rights in Europe - 1984-present, Human rights in Europe - Council of Europe, Human rights in Europe - Human rights articles by country Read more here: » Human rights in Europe: Encyclopedia II - Human rights in Europe - History of Human rights in Europe |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Irish battles - Late Medieval Battles
Irish battles - Bruce Wars in Ireland.
1316 - Second Battle of Athenry
1318 - Battle of Dysert O'Dea
1318 - Battle of Faughart
1328 - battle of Thomond. Battle of Devlin (Delbhna Bethra); the MacGeoghegan kills three thousand English.
1330 - battle of Fiodh-an-atha; Ualgarg O'Rourke defeated by the English. Ath-Disirt-Nuadan. Berna-an-Mhil; Tomaltagh Mac Dermot and Mac William were defeated by the Brown Earl and Tomalta ...
See also:Irish battles, Irish battles - Pre-Historic Era, Irish battles - Early Medieval Battles, Irish battles - Late Medieval Battles, Irish battles - Bruce Wars in Ireland, Irish battles - Early Modern Era, Irish battles - Desmond Rebellions, Irish battles - Nine Years War Ireland, Irish battles - Irish Confederate Wars/Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Irish battles - Williamite war in Ireland/War of the Two Kings, Irish battles - Modern Times, Irish battles - 1798 Rebellion, Irish battles - Tithe War 1831-36, Irish battles - 20th Century Read more here: » Irish battles: Encyclopedia II - Irish battles - Late Medieval Battles |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Irish calendar - Seasons
Irish calendar - Winter - An Gheimhreadh.
January 1 - New Year's Day, one of the public holidays in the Republic of Ireland.
1871 - disestablishment of Church of Ireland takes effect
1926 - 2RN (original radio station of present RTÉ) set up
1973 - Ireland becomes a member of the EU.
1975 - Ireland assumes first Presidency of the Council of the European Union (see July 1)
1984 - Galway City begins year long celebration of 500th anniversary (quincen ...
See also:Irish calendar, Irish calendar - Seasons, Irish calendar - Winter - An Gheimhreadh, Irish calendar - Spring - An tEarrach February March and April, Irish calendar - Summer - An Samhradh May June and July, Irish calendar - Autumn - An Fómhar August September and October, Irish calendar - Winter - An Gheimhreadh November December and January see above, Irish calendar - Calendar terms in Irish language, Irish calendar - Days of the week - Laethanta na Seachtaine, Irish calendar - Seasons of the year - Ráithí na Bliana/Na Séasúir, Irish calendar - Religious seasons - Séasúir Creidimh, Irish calendar - Holidays and holydays - Féilte na Bliana, Irish calendar - Movable feasts - Na Féilte Reatha Read more here: » Irish calendar: Encyclopedia II - Irish calendar - Seasons |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Imperialism in Asia - Early European penetration of Asia
Imperialism in Asia - Medieval European exploration of Asia.
In the 13th and 14th centuries, a number of Europeans, many of them Christian missionaries, had sought to penetrate China. The most famous of these travelers was Marco Polo. But these journeys had little permanent effect on East-West trade because of a series of political developments in Asia in the last decades of the 14th century, which put an end to further European exploration of Asia. The Yuan dynasty in China, which had been receptive to European ...
See also:Imperialism in Asia, Imperialism in Asia - Asian empires before European contact, Imperialism in Asia - Early European penetration of Asia, Imperialism in Asia - Medieval European exploration of Asia, Imperialism in Asia - The search for new East-West trade routes, Imperialism in Asia - Oceanic voyages to Asia, Imperialism in Asia - Portuguese and Spanish trade and colonization in Asia, Imperialism in Asia - Portuguese monopoly over trade in the Indian Ocean, Imperialism in Asia - The decline of Portugal's Asian empire since the 17th century, Imperialism in Asia - Dutch trade and colonization in Asia, Imperialism in Asia - The rise of Dutch control over Asian trade in the 17th century, Imperialism in Asia - Decline of the Dutch in Asia and the rise of Britain, Imperialism in Asia - The British in India, Imperialism in Asia - Portuguese French and British competition in India 1600-1763, Imperialism in Asia - The collapse of Mughal India, Imperialism in Asia - From Company to Crown, Imperialism in Asia - The rise of Indian nationalism, Imperialism in Asia - France in Indochina, Imperialism in Asia - Russia and The Great Game, Imperialism in Asia - Imperialism in China, Imperialism in Asia - Imperialist penetration of China, Imperialism in Asia - Chinese territorial expansion, Imperialism in Asia - U.S. expansion in the Pacific, Imperialism in Asia - World War I: Changes in Imperialism, Imperialism in Asia - Japan, Imperialism in Asia - Postwar era, Imperialism in Asia - Decolonization and the rise of nationalism in Asia, Imperialism in Asia - List of European colonial acquisitions in Asia, Imperialism in Asia - References and further reading Read more here: » Imperialism in Asia: Encyclopedia II - Imperialism in Asia - Early European penetration of Asia |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Knights Hospitaller - History
Knights Hospitaller - Foundation and early history.
In 600, Abbot Probus was commissioned by Pope Gregory the Great to build a hospital in Jerusalem to treat and care for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. In 800, Charlemagne, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, enlarged Probus' hostel and added a library to it. About 200 years later, in 1005, Caliph El Hakim destroyed the hostel and three thousand other buildings. He made the Christians wear wooden crosses, half a meter long by half a meter wide, around their ne ...
See also:Knights Hospitaller, Knights Hospitaller - History, Knights Hospitaller - Foundation and early history, Knights Hospitaller - Knights of Cyprus and Rhodes, Knights Hospitaller - Knights of Malta, Knights Hospitaller - Turmoil in Europe, Knights Hospitaller - The loss of Malta, Knights Hospitaller - Revival in England as the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller - Protestant Continuation in Continental Europe, Knights Hospitaller - The modern Sovereign Military Order of Malta, Knights Hospitaller - Name and motto, Knights Hospitaller - International status of the Order, Knights Hospitaller - Government of the Order, Knights Hospitaller - Mimic Orders, Knights Hospitaller - List of Grand Masters Read more here: » Knights Hospitaller: Encyclopedia II - Knights Hospitaller - History |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Kolkata - Places of interest Kolkata been nicknamed the City of Palaces. This comes from the numerous palatial mansions built all over the city.
During the British colonial era from 1700-1912, when Kolkata was the capital of British India, Kolkata witnessed a spate of frenzied construction activity of buildings largely influenced by the conscious intermingling of Gothic, Baroque, Roman, Oriental and Islamic schools of design. Unlike many north Indian cities, whose construction stresses minimalism, the layout of much of the architectural variety in Kolkata owes its origins to European styles and tastes imported by the British and, to a ...
See also:Kolkata, Kolkata - History, Kolkata - Modern Kolkata, Kolkata - Economy, Kolkata - Geography, Kolkata - Ethnic communities in Kolkata, Kolkata - Jewish, Kolkata - Armenian, Kolkata - Tibetan, Kolkata - Greek, Kolkata - Festivals, Kolkata - Bengali New Year, Kolkata - Religious festivals, Kolkata - Cultural festivals, Kolkata - Kolkata culture, Kolkata - Para Adda and club culture, Kolkata - Graffiti, Kolkata - Traffic and commuter culture, Kolkata - Places of interest, Kolkata - Museums and libraries, Kolkata - British administrative offices, Kolkata - Historic hotels, Kolkata - City parks, Kolkata - Statues and memorials, Kolkata - Sports venues, Kolkata - Markets and malls, Kolkata - Places of worship, Kolkata - Bridges of Kolkata, Kolkata - British-era clubs, Kolkata - British-era buildings, Kolkata - Educational institutes of academic and historical interest, Kolkata - Amusement parks, Kolkata - Walks, Kolkata - Education, Kolkata - Media, Kolkata - Bengali, Kolkata - English, Kolkata - Hindi, Kolkata - Sports, Kolkata - Transport, Kolkata - Kolkata in the media, Kolkata - In print, Kolkata - On screen, Kolkata - Trivia Read more here: » Kolkata: Encyclopedia II - Kolkata - Places of interest |
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| | | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - October 6 - Births
October 6 - 1289 to 1899.
1289 - King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia (d. 1306)
1459 - Martin Behaim, German navigator and geographer (d. 1507)
1510 - Rowland Taylor, English clergyman (d. 1555)
1552 - Matteo Ricci, Italian Jesuit missionary (d. 1610)
1573 - Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, English patron of the theater (d. 1624)
1610 - Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier, French soldier (d. 1690)
1716 - George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Hali ...
See also:October 6, October 6 - Events, October 6 - Births, October 6 - 1289 to 1899, October 6 - 1900 to 1999, October 6 - Deaths, October 6 - Holidays and observances Read more here: » October 6: Encyclopedia II - October 6 - Births |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Newton's method - Description of the method The idea of the method is as follows: one starts with a value which is reasonably close to the true zero, then replaces the function by its tangent (which can be computed using the tools of calculus) and computes the zero of this tangent (which is easily done with elementary algebra). This zero of the tangent will typically be a better approximation to the function's zero, and the method can be iterated.
Suppose f : [a, b] -> R is a differentiable function defined on the interval [a, ...
See also:Newton's method, Newton's method - Description of the method, Newton's method - Example, Newton's method - History, Newton's method - Practical considerations, Newton's method - Analysis, Newton's method - Generalizations, Newton's method - Complex functions Read more here: » Newton's method: Encyclopedia II - Newton's method - Description of the method |
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| | | | | 1690: Encyclopedia II - Parliament of Scotland - History
Parliament of Scotland - Parliament before 1400.
Between 1235 and 1286 little can be told with certainty about Parliament's function, but it appears to have had a judicial and political role which was well established by the end of the century. With the death of Alexander III Scotland found itself without an adult monarch, and in this situation, Parliament seems to have become more prominent as a means to give added legitimacy to the Council of Guardians who ran the country. By the reign of John Balliol (1292-96) ...
See also:Parliament of Scotland, Parliament of Scotland - Origins, Parliament of Scotland - The Lords of the Articles, Parliament of Scotland - The Crown, Parliament of Scotland - History, Parliament of Scotland - Parliament before 1400, Parliament of Scotland - The Fifteenth Century, Parliament of Scotland - The Sixteenth Century, Parliament of Scotland - The Seventeenth Century, Parliament of Scotland - Union with England Read more here: » Parliament of Scotland: Encyclopedia II - Parliament of Scotland - History |
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