1690 - Events. January 6 - Joseph, son of Emperor Leopold I becomes King of the Romans January 14 - The clarinet is invented in Nuremberg, Germany May 20 - England passes Act of Grace, forgiving followers of James II July 1 - The Battle of the Boyne, in Ireland October 6-12 - Massachusetts Puritans led by Sir William Phips besiege the city of Quebec. The siege ends in failure. December 29 - earthquake in Anconer in Papal States, Italy Earliest ...

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• 1690 - Events
• 1690 - Births
• 1690 - Deaths

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August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. August 24 - Events. 49 BC - Julius Caesar's general Gaius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River by the Numidians under Attius Varus and King Juba of Numidia. Curio is slain in battle. AD 79 - Mount Vesuvius erupts. The cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae are buried in volcanic ash. 410 - The Visigoths under Alar ...

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• August 24 - Events
• August 24 - Births
• August 24 - Deaths
• August 24 - Holidays and observances

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August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. August 3 - Events. 8 - Roman general Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. 435 - Deposed Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of the Christological "heresy" (at the time) known as Nestorianism, was exiled by Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt. 1492 - Christopher Columbus sets sail f ...

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• August 3 - Events
• August 3 - Births
• August 3 - Deaths
• August 3 - Holidays and observances

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Bartolomeo Cristofori di Francesco (May 4, 1655 - January 27, 1732) was an Italian maker of musical instruments, generally regarded as the inventor of the piano. Bartolomeo Cristofori - Life. The available source materials on Cristofori's life include his birth and death records, two wills, the bills he submitted to his employers, and a single interview done by Scipione Maffei. From the latter, we have both Maffei's notes and the published journal article. Cristofori was born in Padua in the Republic ...

Including:

• Bartolomeo Cristofori - Life
• Bartolomeo Cristofori - The first appearance of the piano
• Bartolomeo Cristofori - Later life
• Bartolomeo Cristofori - Cristofori's pianos
• Bartolomeo Cristofori - Design
• Bartolomeo Cristofori - Tonal quality
• Bartolomeo Cristofori - The initial reception of the piano
• Bartolomeo Cristofori - Surviving instruments
• Bartolomeo Cristofori - Assessments of Cristofori

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The Battle of the Boyne was a turning point in the Williamite war in Ireland between the deposed King James II of England and VII of Scotland and his son-in-law and successor, William, for the English, Scottish and Irish thrones. It took place on July 1, 1690 (as a consequence of the adoption of the Gregorian calendar the battle is now commemorated on July 12) just outside of the town of Drogheda on Ireland's east coast. Though not militarily decisive, its symbolic importance has made it one of the most infamous battles in British and ...

Including:

• Battle of the Boyne - A sectarian battle?
• Battle of the Boyne - The competing sides
• Battle of the Boyne - Commanders
• Battle of the Boyne - Armies
• Battle of the Boyne - The Battle
• Battle of the Boyne - Aftermath
• Battle of the Boyne - Commemoration of the Battle
• Battle of the Boyne - The Twelfth in Ireland today
• Battle of the Boyne - The battlefield today
• Battle of the Boyne - Sources

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August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 141 days remaining. It is the peak of the Perseid meteor shower. It is also known as the "Glorious Twelfth" in the UK, as it marks the traditional start of the grouse shooting season. August 12 - Events. 490 BC - the Battle of Marathon, in which Athens defeated an invasion army of Persians, may have been fought on this date in the proleptic Julian calendar - but see 12 Septe ...

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• August 12 - Events
• August 12 - Births
• August 12 - Deaths
• August 12 - Holidays and observations

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Field Marshal and Count Arvid Bernhard Horn (April 6, 1664 – April 17, 1742) was a statesman and a soldier of the Swedish empire during the period of Sweden-Finland. He was born in Vuorentaka, Finland, of a noble but indigent Horn family. Arvid Horn - Soldier and diplomat. After completing his studies at Åbo, he entered the Swedish Army and served for several years in the Netherlands, in Hungary under Prince Eugene, and in Flanders under Wa ...

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• Arvid Horn - Soldier and diplomat
• Arvid Horn - Politician
• Arvid Horn - Prime Minister

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The Archbishop of Caesarea was one of the major suffragans of the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem during the crusades. The diocese was an ancient one, dating from the 2nd century. It was the metropolis of the diocese of Palaestina Prima. Until the establishment of the Patriarch of Jerusalem, it was subject to the Patriarch of Antioch. By the time of the crusades it was a Greek Orthodox diocese, but when Caesarea was captured by the crusaders in 1101, a Latin archbishop was established there, ...

Including:

• Archbishop of Caesarea - Bishops of Caesarea
• Archbishop of Caesarea - Archbishops of Caesarea

Read more here: » Archbishop of Caesarea: Encyclopedia - Archbishop of Caesarea

The Armenian Quarter is one of the four quarters of the Old City of Jerusalem. It might appear that the Armenian quarter would be a part of the Christian Quarter, since virtually all Armenians residing in Jerusalem are Christians, yet for historical reasons the Armenian quarter has remained separate and has not suffered the same disruptions as the other quarters over the last thousand years. Although the smallest of the four quarters, with the fewest residents, the Armenians and their patriarchate remain staunchly independent and pres ...

Including:

• Armenian Quarter - The Armenian people and their establishment in Jerusalem: 95 BC–640 AD
• Armenian Quarter - The First Muslim Period 638–1099
• Armenian Quarter - The Crusader Periods 1099–1187 1229–1244
• Armenian Quarter - 1260–1517—The Mamluk period
• Armenian Quarter - The Ottoman Period 1517–1917
• Armenian Quarter - Struggles over the Holy sites
• Armenian Quarter - The British Mandate Period—1917–1948
• Armenian Quarter - The 1948 War and Jordanian Rule 1948–1967
• Armenian Quarter - The 1967 War and Israeli Rule—1967–present

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April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). There are 270 days remaining. April 5 - Events. 33 - (traditional date) Resurrection of Jesus, according to the Christian gospels. (date est. by Sir Isaac Newton) 1242 - During a battle on the ice of Chudskoye Lake, Russian forces rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights. 1614 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. < ...

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• April 5 - Events
• April 5 - Births
• April 5 - Deaths
• April 5 - Holidays and observances

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Belgrade (listen ▶ (help·info)), is the capital of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–Present). It is one of the oldest cities in Europe settled in the 3rd century BC by the Celts before becoming the Roman settlement of Singidunum. The name Beograd (Belgrade) has been first mentioned back in year 878. It has been the capital of Serbia sinc ...

Including:

• Belgrade - History
• Belgrade - Geography
• Belgrade - Climate
• Belgrade - Tourism
• Belgrade - Municipalities
• Belgrade - Transportation
• Belgrade - Architecture
• Belgrade - Museums
• Belgrade - Media
• Belgrade - Radio stations:
• Belgrade - Television Stations:
• Belgrade - Internet Service Providers
• Belgrade - Production:
• Belgrade - Press agencies:
• Belgrade - Names
• Belgrade - Education
• Belgrade - Sport and recreation
• Belgrade - Night life
• Belgrade - Received decorations
• Belgrade - Twin cities
• Belgrade - Quotations

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The River Boyne is a river in Leinster, Ireland, the course of which is about 112 kilometres (70 miles) long. It rises at Trinity Well, Newbury Hall, near Carbury, County Kildare, and flows towards the Northeast through County Meath to reach the Irish Sea at Drogheda. Salmon and trout can be caught in the river, which is surrounded by the Boyne Valley. It is crossed just west of Drogheda by the Boyne River Bridge. Despite its short course, the Boyne has historical, archaeological and mythical connotations. It passes near the an ...

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The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British cabinet minister responsible for all financial matters. Often simply called The Chancellor, the office-holder controls HM Treasury and plays a role akin to the posts of Minister for Finance or Secretary of the Treasury in other jurisdictions. The position is considered one of the four great offices of state. The Chancellor holds third oldest major state office in English and United Kingdom history, one which originally carried responsibility f ...

Including:

• Chancellor of the Exchequer - Roles and Responsibilities
• Chancellor of the Exchequer - Trivia
• Chancellor of the Exchequer - List of Holders of the Office since 1559

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Charles II (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (retrospectively de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. His father Charles I had been executed in 1649, following the English Civil War; the monarchy was then abolished and the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland became a republic under Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector (see Commonwealth of England and The Protectorate). In 1660, shortly after C ...

Including:

• Charles II of England - Early life
• Charles II of England - Restoration
• Charles II of England - Cavalier Parliament
• Charles II of England - Foreign policy
• Charles II of England - Great Plague and Fire
• Charles II of England - Conflict with Parliament
• Charles II of England - Later years
• Charles II of England - Legacy
• Charles II of England - Style and arms
• Charles II of England - The children of Charles II
• Charles II of England - Trivia

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Charles Le Brun (February 24, 1619 - February 22, 1690) was a French painter and art theorist, one of the dominant artists in 17th century France. Born in Paris, he attracted the notice of Chancellor Séguier, who placed him at the age of eleven in the studio of Simon Vouet. He was also a pupil of François Perrier. At fifteen he received commissions from Cardinal Richelieu, in the execution of which he displayed an ability which obtained the generous commendations of Nicolas Pouss ...

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Chagatai Khan (alternative spellings Chagata, Chugta, Chagta, Djagatai, Jagatai), a son of Genghis Khan (1206—1227), controlled the part of the Mongol Empire which extended from the Ili river (eastern Kazakhstan) and Kashgaria (western Tarim Basin) to Transoxiana. He inherited most of what are now the five Central Asian states and northern Iran after the death of his father which he ruled until his death in 1242. The Empire later came to be known as the Chagatai Khanate, part of the Mongol Empire. These te ...

Including:

• Chagatai Khanate - Mongol successor states
• Chagatai Khanate - The Chagatai Khanate after Chagatai
• Chagatai Khanate - Tughlugh Timur and Tamerlane
• Chagatai Khanate - Successors of the Chagataites

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Canes Venatici (Latin for hunting dogs) is a small northern constellation that was introduced by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. It is supposed to represent the dogs Chara and Asterion held on a leash by Boötes. Canes Venatici - Notable features. Canes Venatici is one of three constellations that represent dogs, along with Canis Major and Canis Minor. The constellation's brightest star is α CVn, whose proper name is Cor Caroli, named by Edmund Halley in memory of the English Ki ...

Including:

• Canes Venatici - Notable features
• Canes Venatici - Notable deep sky objects
• Canes Venatici - Table of leading stars
• Canes Venatici - Stars

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The real (symbol: R$, ISO 4217 code: BRL, plural: reais) is the currency of Brazil. It is also the name of the earliest Brazilian currency (see from the Colonial period to 1942.) Brazilian real - History. Brazilian real - From the Colonial period to 1942. The real (plural réis) was the currency used by the first Portuguese settlers to arrive in the then New World, but the first official money to circulate bearing the name "real" was actually printed ...

Including:

• Brazilian real - History
• Brazilian real - From the Colonial period to 1942
• Brazilian real - 1994 to the Present
• Brazilian real - Banknotes
• Brazilian real - Polymer banknote
• Brazilian real - Coins
• Brazilian real - First family
• Brazilian real - Second family
• Brazilian real - Sources
• Brazilian real - Current BRL exchange rates

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British Timber Trade During the Middle Ages and Stuart period, Great Britain had large domestic supplies of timber, especially valuable were the famous British oaks. This timber formed the backbone of many industries from iron smelting to shipbuilding. From before the industrial revolution period the price of timber in England had been increasing as domestic quantities were exhausted. Many industries thus were forced to change to substitutes. As the industrial revolution progressed coal replaced timber for use as ...

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Aragon (Spanish and Aragonese: Aragón; Catalan: Aragó) is an autonomous community of north-eastern Spain. It has an area of 47,719 km² with a population of 1,217,514 (2003). Aragon is bounded on the north by France, on the east by Catalonia, on the south by Valencia, and on the west by Castile-La Mancha, Castile-Leon, La Rioja, and Navarre. It comprises the provinces of Zaragoza (English: Saragossa or Caesaraugusta), Huesca, and Teruel. It is traversed by the Ebro, mountainous in the north; with beautifu ...

Including:

• Aragon - Language
• Aragon - History
• Aragon - List of Chancellors

Read more here: » Aragon: Encyclopedia - Aragon