1688 - Deaths

1688 - Births. January 18 - Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1765) January 29 - Emanuel Swedenborg Swedish scientist, philosopher, and theologian (d. 1772) February 2 - Queen Ulrike Eleonora of Sweden (d. 1741) February 4 - Pierre de Marivaux, French playwright (d. 1763) April 4 - Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French astronomer (d. 1768) April 15 - Johann Friedrich Fasch, German composer (d. 1758) May 22 - Alexande ...

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• 1688 - Events
• 1688 - Births
• 1688 - Deaths
• 1688 - Publications

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June 5 - 535 to 1899. 535 - Epiphanius of Constantinople, patriarch of Constantinople 1017 - Sanjo, Emperor of Japan (b. 976) 1118 - Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester 1296 - Edmund Crouchback, son of Henry III of England (b. 1245) 1316 - King Louis X of France (b. 1289) 1383 - Dmitry Konstantinovich, Russian prince (b. 1324) 1568 - Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Flemish general and statesman (b. 1522) 1625 - Orlando Gibbons, English composer ...

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June 5, June 5 - Events, June 5 - Births, June 5 - 1341 to 1899, June 5 - 1900 to 1999, June 5 - Deaths, June 5 - 535 to 1899, June 5 - 1900 to 1999, June 5 - 2000 onwards, June 5 - Holidays and observances

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During his three year reign, King James II fell victim to the political battles in the British Isles between Catholicism and Protestantism on the one hand, and on the other, between the divine right of the Crown and the political rights of Parliament. James's greatest political problem was his Catholicism, which left him alienated from both parties in Parliament. Any attempts at reform by James were thus viewed with great suspicion. James also pursued a number of untenable policies, such as a desire for a stand ...

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Glorious Revolution, Glorious Revolution - History, Glorious Revolution - Conspiracy and Dutch Landing, Glorious Revolution - William made King, Glorious Revolution - Jacobite Uprisings, Glorious Revolution - Legacy

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Anne was born in St. James's Palace of London, the second daughter of James, Duke of York, (afterwards James II) and his first wife, the Lady Anne Hyde (daughter of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, an important politician). Her paternal uncle was King Charles II, and her older sister was the future Mary II. Anne and Mary were the only children of the Duke and Duchess of York to survive into adulthood. Anne suffered as a child from an eye infection; for medical treatment, she was sent to France. She lived with her grandmother, Henrietta Ma ...

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Anne of Great Britain, Anne of Great Britain - Early life, Anne of Great Britain - William and Mary, Anne of Great Britain - Early reign, Anne of Great Britain - Reign in Great Britain, Anne of Great Britain - Later years, Anne of Great Britain - Death, Anne of Great Britain - Legacy, Anne of Great Britain - Style and arms, Anne of Great Britain - Issue

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The term originates from the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and English Civil War of the 1640s and '50s, when it was used to describe Irish guerrilla fighters. For this usage, see Rapparees. It entered English politics during the Exclusion Bill crisis of 1678–1681. The Whigs (initially an insult — whiggamore, a cattle driver) were those who supported the exclusion of James VI & II from the thrones of Scotland and England & Ireland (the "Petitioners"), and the Tories (from the Irish term tóraidhe, modern Irish tóraí — outlaw, robber) were those ...

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Tory, Tory - History, Tory - Canada, Tory - American Revolution

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Swedenborg, Emmanuel ( 1688-1772)

A Swedish scientist, theosophist, and mystic, a pioneer in both scientific, religious and spiritual thought.

For most of his life Swedenborg pursued a conventional, albeit brilliant, career. Educated at Uppsala University he first became a natural scientist and official with the Swedish Royal College of mines (1710-45), concentrating on research and theory. His foremost scientific writing is 'Opera Philosophica et Mineralia' (Philosophical and Mineralogical Works, three volumes, 1734), a unique combination of metaphysics, cosmology, and science.

A first-rate scientific theorist and inventor, Swedenborg, in some of his insights, anticipated scientific progress by more than a century. Visited by a mystic illumination in 1745, Swedenborg claimed a direct vision of a spiritual world underlying the natural sphere. He began having dreams, ecstatic visions, trances and mystical illusions in which he communicated with Jesus Christ and God and was granted a view of the order of the universe that was radically different from the teachings of the Christian church.

He resigned his job to concentrate full-time on his ecstatic visions and transcribing the knowledge imparted to him from the spiritual world. His voluminous works from this period are presented as divinely revealed biblical interpretations. In his system, best reflected in 'Divine Love and Wisdom' (1763), Swedenborg conceived of three spheres: divine mind, spiritual world, and natural world. Each corresponds to a degree of being in God and in humankind: love, wisdom, and use (end, cause, and effect). Through devotion to each degree, unification with it takes place and a person obtains his or her destiny, which is union with creator and creation.

Unlike many mystics, Swedenborg proposed an approach to spiritual reality and God through, rather than in rejection of, material nature. His 12-volume compendium 'The Heavenly Arcana' (1747-56) represents a unique synthesis between modern science and religion.

In response to a vision of the 'last judgment' and the 'return of Christ', Swedenborg proclaimed the advent of the New Church, an idea that found social expression in the Swedenborgian societies and in the foundation of the Church Of The New Jerusalem in England in 1778, and in the United States in 1792. Many of his views were adopted by 19th century spiritualism and many of his ideas were also disseminated in the works of writers and poets such as William Blake , Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Henry James .

(See also: Emmanuel Swedenborg , New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Historically, the bulk of the power over the Government of the Kingdom was vested in the Sovereign, acting on the advice of bodies such as Parliament and the Privy Council. Over several years, the Cabinet evolved from the Privy Council, as the monarch began the practice of consulting a few confidential advisors rather than the Council at large. These bodies, however, bore little resemblance to modern Cabinets; they were often not led by a single figure such as a Prime Minister, they often failed to act in unison, and they were appointed and dismissed entirel ...

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom - History, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom - The Office, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom - Term, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom - Powers and restraints, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom - Precedence and privileges, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom - Retirement honours, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom - List of Prime Ministers

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Jacques-Benigne Bossuet (September 27, 1627 - April 12, 1704) was a French bishop, theologian, and court preacher. Bossuet was one of the first to advocate the theory of political absolutism; he made the argument that government was divine and that kings received their power from God. Bossuet was born in Dijon. He was Bishop of Condom from 1669 to 1671. He was an influential courtier during the time of Louis XIV. He won the trust of Louis's long-term mistress, Athénaïs, Marquise de Montespan, only to intrigue against h ...

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• Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet - Writings by Bossuet
• Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet - Reference

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In the medieval period there were three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, and these developed separate parliaments. The 1707 Act of Union brought England and Scotland together under the Parliament of Great Britain, and the 1800 Act of Union included Ireland under the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Parliament of the United Kingdom - Parliament of England. The English Parliament can trace its origins to the Anglo-Saxon Witenagemot. In 1066 William of Normandy brought a feudal system where he soug ...

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Parliament of the United Kingdom, Parliament of the United Kingdom - History, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Parliament of England, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Parliament of Scotland, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Parliament of Ireland, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Parliament of Great Britain, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Parliament of the United Kingdom, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Modern era, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Composition, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Procedure, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Term, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Legislative functions, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Judicial functions, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Relationship with the Government, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Sovereignty, Parliament of the United Kingdom - Privileges

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The most important sacred place of the town was the Temple of Athens. The oldest ruin preserved until today dates back to 725-700 BC The period in which the city had reached its peak was between 650-545 BC. This period lasted hundred-years and was considered to be the most powerful period of the whole Ionian civilization. Under the leadership of Miletus, colonies were established in Egypt, Syria, west coasts of Lebanon, Marmara region, Black Sea and eastern Greece competed and replaced the place of Greece proper in various fields and subjects. In this period, it is apparent that Smyrna not only dealed with agri ...

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İzmir, İzmir - Name, İzmir - History, İzmir - Homer, İzmir - From the eighth century BC, İzmir - Modern İzmir, İzmir - Climate, İzmir - İzmir International Fair, İzmir - Birds Paradise, İzmir - Cuisine of İzmir, İzmir - Festivals, İzmir - Sports, İzmir - Education, İzmir - Districts, İzmir - Reference, İzmir - Media mentioning Izmir

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Main articles: Glorious Revolution, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]See also:

James II of England, James II of England - Early life, James II of England - Religion, James II of England - Reign, James II of England - Glorious Revolution, James II of England - Later years, James II of England - Legacy, James II of England - Style and arms, James II of England - Issue, James II of England - Miscellaneous, James II of England - External link

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During the English Revolution of the 1640s, the electoral system for the House of Commons was scrapped (and the House of Lords abolished). The revolutionary governments considered various alternative methods of electing a legislature. At the Putney debates of 1647, representatives of various factions of the victorious Parliamentary army debated whether to adopt a more democratic franchise. The radicals led by Thomas Rainborough argued for manhood suffrage. The conservatives, led by Oliver Cromwell and Henry Ireton, argued that since t ...

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Unreformed House of Commons, Unreformed House of Commons - Composition of the House, Unreformed House of Commons - County members, Unreformed House of Commons - Borough members, Unreformed House of Commons - University members, Unreformed House of Commons - Welsh members, Unreformed House of Commons - Scottish members, Unreformed House of Commons - Irish members, Unreformed House of Commons - Unrepresented towns, Unreformed House of Commons - Movements for reform, Unreformed House of Commons - End of the Unreformed House, Unreformed House of Commons - Table of counties and boroughs, Unreformed House of Commons - English counties, Unreformed House of Commons - English boroughs, Unreformed House of Commons - Welsh counties, Unreformed House of Commons - Welsh boroughs, Unreformed House of Commons - Scottish counties, Unreformed House of Commons - Scottish boroughs, Unreformed House of Commons - Irish counties, Unreformed House of Commons - Irish boroughs, Unreformed House of Commons - University seats

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List of Hispanics - Architects. Luis Barragán (1902–1988), 1980 Pritzker Prize Laureate. Ricardo Bofill (b. 1939), one of the main representatives of postmodern architecture. Santiago Calatrava (b. 1951), 2005 AIA Gold Medal Laureate. Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926), known for his unfinished masterwork La Sagrada Familia. Ricardo Legorreta (b. 1931) Enric Miralles (1955–2000), built the Scottish Parliament ( ...

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List of Hispanics, List of Hispanics - Actors, List of Hispanics - Artists, List of Hispanics - Architects, List of Hispanics - Explorers, List of Hispanics - Film directors, List of Hispanics - Leaders and politicians, List of Hispanics - Literature, List of Hispanics - A–D, List of Hispanics - E–H, List of Hispanics - I–L, List of Hispanics - M–P, List of Hispanics - Q–T, List of Hispanics - U–Z, List of Hispanics - Military, List of Hispanics - Musicians, List of Hispanics - Classical, List of Hispanics - Singers, List of Hispanics - Philosophers and humanists, List of Hispanics - Science and technology, List of Hispanics - Social scientists, List of Hispanics - Sports, List of Hispanics - Others, List of Hispanics - Lists by nationality

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The nineteenth century Oxford Movement within the Church of England began as a "High Church" movement, following a call to action to save the Church, whose position, with Catholic Emancipation and other changes in the English body politic, was perceived as being in danger. High Churchmen strove against the erosion of the Church of England's traditionally-privileged and legally-entrenched role in English society; however, over time a significant number of the leading lights of the Oxford Movement converted to Roman Catholicism, following the ...

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High church, High church - Evolution of the term High Church

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The Japanese calendars prior to 1873 were derived from the Chinese. Japan adopted the Chinese calendar in 645. To convert a Japanese year to a Western year, find the first year of the nengō (=era name, see list below). When found, subtract 1, and add the number of the Japanese year. For example, the 23rd year of the Showa Era (Showa 23) would be 1948 ... 1926 − 1 = 1925, then 1925 + 23 = 1948. 645 大化 Taika 650 白雉 Hakuchi (era) 686 朱鳥 Shuchō 701 ...

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Japanese era name, Japanese era name - Overview, Japanese era name - Historical nengō, Japanese era name - Nengō in Modern Japan, Japanese era name - Conversion table from nengō to Gregorian calendar years, Japanese era name - Unofficial nengō system 私年号

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A recent study of the genetics of the people of Indian Punjab[1] (where about 40% or more of the population are Jats) suggest that the Jats are similar to other populations of the Indus Valley in terms of Y-SNP groupings. Also Jats seem to share many common haplotypes with German, Slavic, Baltic, Iranian and Central Asians [2]. Unusually, Jat groups share only two haplotypes, one of which is also shared with Turks (Turkey), and have few matches with neighbouring Pakistani populations. This haplotype shared between the two Jat groups may be p ...

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Jat, Jat - Jatt origins, Jat - History, Jat - Genetics, Jat - List of Jatt Gotras clans, Jat - Famous Jat people, Jat - Books on Jat History, Jat - Genetics References

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In the Middle Ages, the Mongol Empire's campaign against China by Genghis Khan and his army was extremely effective, allowing the Mongols to sweep through large areas. Even if they could not enter some of the more well-fortified cities, they used innovative battle tactics to grab hold of the land and the people: "By concentrating on the field armies, the strongholds had to wait. Of course, smaller fortresses, or ones easily surprised, were taken as they came along. This had two effects. First, it cut off the principal city fr ...

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Siege, Siege - Ancient and medieval siege warfare, Siege - Mongol siege warfare, Siege - Sieges in the age of gunpowder, Siege - Emerging theories on improving fortifications, Siege - New styles of fortresses employed, Siege - Marshal Vauban, Siege - Advent of mobile warfare, Siege - Modern warfare, Siege - Recent sieges, Siege - Police actions, Siege - Bibliography, Siege - Notes

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List of Spaniards - Classical. Isaac Albéniz (1860–1909), composer. Pau Casals (1876–1973), cello player and conductor. Manuel de Falla (1876–1946), composer. Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos (b. 1933), conductor. Enrique Granados (1867–1916), composer. Alicia de Larrocha (b. 1923), pianist. Luis de Pablo (b. 1930), composer. Joaquín Rodrigo (1901–1999), composer and pianist, known fo ...

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List of Spaniards, List of Spaniards - Actors, List of Spaniards - Artists, List of Spaniards - Architects, List of Spaniards - Explorers and conquistadores, List of Spaniards - Film directors, List of Spaniards - Leaders and politicians, List of Spaniards - Ancient, List of Spaniards - Medieval, List of Spaniards - Modern, List of Spaniards - Contemporary, List of Spaniards - Literature, List of Spaniards - A–D, List of Spaniards - E–H, List of Spaniards - I–L, List of Spaniards - M–P, List of Spaniards - Q–T, List of Spaniards - U–Z, List of Spaniards - Military, List of Spaniards - Musicians, List of Spaniards - Classical, List of Spaniards - Singers, List of Spaniards - Philosophers and humanists, List of Spaniards - Science and technology, List of Spaniards - Social scientists, List of Spaniards - Sports, List of Spaniards - Others

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Charles died sine prole legitima (without legitimate offspring) in 1685, converting to Roman Catholicism on his deathbed. He was succeeded by his brother, who reigned in England and Ireland as James II, and in Scotland as James VII. James was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 23 April 1685. At first, there was little overt opposition to the new Sovereign; many conservative Anglicans even supported him. The new Parliament which assembled in May 1685 seemed favourable to ...

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James II of England, James II of England - Early life, James II of England - Religion, James II of England - Reign, James II of England - Glorious Revolution, James II of England - Later years, James II of England - Legacy, James II of England - Style and arms, James II of England - Issue, James II of England - Miscellaneous, James II of England - External link

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Names of Kings according to Pongsawadarnnue (Chronicle of the North) Prachao Prathumsuriyawong พระเจ้าปทุมสุริยวงศ์ Prachao Mahasamudsakorn พระเจ้ามหาสมุทรสาคร Prachao Chanraja พระเจ้าจันทรราชา Prachao Ruang พระเจ้าร่วง Prachao Lue พระเจ้าลือ Praya Kotama พระยาโคตม Praya Kotabong พระยาโคตร� ...

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List of Kings of Thailand, List of Kings of Thailand - Ayodhaya, List of Kings of Thailand - Haripunchai, List of Kings of Thailand - Lannathai, List of Kings of Thailand - Sukhothai, List of Kings of Thailand - Ayutthaya, List of Kings of Thailand - Modern Thailand

Read more here: » List of Kings of Thailand: Encyclopedia II - List of Kings of Thailand - Ayodhaya