1679 - Events. January 24 - King Charles II of England disbands Parliament June 22 - the Duke of Monmouth subdues a insurrection of Scottish Covenanters at Birthwell Bridge August 7 - The brigantine Le Griffon, which was commissioned by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, is towed to the southern end of the Niagara River, to become the first ship to sail the upper Great Lakes. Battle of Bothwell Bridge Habeas Corpus Act 1679 passed in England. Europe ...

Including:

• 1679 - Events
• 1679 - Births
• 1679 - Deaths

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Chernihiv or Chernigov is an ancient city in northern Ukraine, the capital of Chernihiv Oblast (province). The city population is 295,500 (2004). (Ukrainian: Чернігів, Chernihiv; Russian: Чернигов, Chernigov). Chernihiv - History. Chernigov was first mentioned in chronicles in 907, but is considered to have existed at least in the ninth century, as uncovered by archeological excavations of a settle ...

Including:

• Chernihiv - History
• Chernihiv - Downtown
• Chernihiv - Monasteries

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Charles Le Brun (February 24, 1619 - February 22, 1690) was a French painter and art theorist, one of the dominant artists in 17th century France. Born in Paris, he attracted the notice of Chancellor Séguier, who placed him at the age of eleven in the studio of Simon Vouet. He was also a pupil of François Perrier. At fifteen he received commissions from Cardinal Richelieu, in the execution of which he displayed an ability which obtained the generous commendations of Nicolas Pouss ...

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Charles II (Carlos Segundo) of Spain (November 6, 1661–November 1, 1700) was king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily, nearly all of Italy (except Piedmont, the Papal States and Venice), and Spain's overseas Empire, stretching from Mexico to the Philippines. Charles was the only surviving son of his Habsburg predecessor, King Philip IV of Spain and his second Queen (and niece), Mariana of Austria, another Habsburg. His birth was greeted with joy by the Spaniards, who feared the disputed succession w ...

Including:

• Charles II of Spain - Reign
• Charles II of Spain - Assuring the Succession

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Charles II (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (retrospectively de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. His father Charles I had been executed in 1649, following the English Civil War; the monarchy was then abolished and the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland became a republic under Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector (see Commonwealth of England and The Protectorate). In 1660, shortly after C ...

Including:

• Charles II of England - Early life
• Charles II of England - Restoration
• Charles II of England - Cavalier Parliament
• Charles II of England - Foreign policy
• Charles II of England - Great Plague and Fire
• Charles II of England - Conflict with Parliament
• Charles II of England - Later years
• Charles II of England - Legacy
• Charles II of England - Style and arms
• Charles II of England - The children of Charles II
• Charles II of England - Trivia

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None Monoceros Lepus Columba Puppis Canis Major (Latin for the greater dog) is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also in Ptolemy's list of 48 constellations. It is said to represent one of the dogs following Orion the hunter (see also the constellations of Orion, Canis Minor, and Canes Venatici.) Canis Major contains Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, and that star is part of the Winter Triangle. Canis Major - Notable features. < ...

Including:

• Canis Major - Notable features
• Canis Major - Notable deep sky objects
• Canis Major - Mythology
• Canis Major - Stars
• Canis Major - Other uses of the name

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Christian Wolff (less correctly Wolf) (January 24, 1679 - April 9, 1754) was a German philosopher. Christian Wolff philosopher - Importance. Christian Wolff is the most eminent German philosopher between Leibniz and Kant. His main achievement is a complete oeuvre on about any scholarly subject of his time, displayed and unfolded according to his demonstrative-deductive, mathematical method, which perhaps represents the peak of Enlightenment rationality in Germany. Wolff is also the creator of German ...

Including:

• Christian Wolff philosopher - Importance
• Christian Wolff philosopher - Life
• Christian Wolff philosopher - Philosophy
• Christian Wolff philosopher - Works by Wolff
• Christian Wolff philosopher - Recent key works on Wolff

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Sébastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de Vauban (May 15, 1633 - March 30, 1707), commonly referred to as Vauban, was a Marshal of France and the foremost military engineer of his age, famed for both his skill to design fortifications and to break through them. He also advised Louis XIV on how to consolidate France's borders, to make them more defensible. Vauban made a radical suggestion of giving up some land that was indefensible to allow for a stronger, less porous border with France's neighbours. Vauban - Life and do ...

Including:

• Vauban - Life and doctrines
• Vauban - Fortifications
• Vauban - Reference

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Uzès is a picturesque town and commune in the Gard département, Languedoc, France, located about 15 miles north-northeast of Nîmes. Population: 8,007. Uzès - History. Originally Ucetia, Uzès was a small Gallo-Roman oppidum, or admnistrative settlement. The town lies at the source of the Eure, from where a Roman aqueduct was built in the first century B.C, to supply water to the local city of Nîmes, 50KM away. The most famous stretch of the aqueduct is the Pont du Gard, which carri ...

Including:

• Uzès - History
• Uzès - The ducs d'Uzès
• Uzès - The Huguenots of Uzès
• Uzès - Sights
• Uzès - Miscellaneous
• Uzès - Births

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This article deals with the culture of the Netherlands. To get to know Netherlands' current popular culture and society, it's best to read the lyrics of a very popular song by Lange Frans & Baas B that apparently reflects the feelings of many people in the Netherlands: Het land van... ("The country of..."). It mentions several aspects of typical Dutch culture. One of them is an annual event called fietsvierdaagse. Culture of the Netherlands - Architecture. The first significa ...

Including:

• Culture of the Netherlands - Architecture
• Culture of the Netherlands - Art
• Culture of the Netherlands - Graphic arts
• Culture of the Netherlands - Museums
• Culture of the Netherlands - Nature
• Culture of the Netherlands - Painting
• Culture of the Netherlands - Comics
• Culture of the Netherlands - Theatre
• Culture of the Netherlands - Cabaret
• Culture of the Netherlands - Film
• Culture of the Netherlands - Actors
• Culture of the Netherlands - Films
• Culture of the Netherlands - Directors
• Culture of the Netherlands - Movie theaters
• Culture of the Netherlands - Music of the Netherlands
• Culture of the Netherlands - Music of Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles
• Culture of the Netherlands - Classical music
• Culture of the Netherlands - Orchestras
• Culture of the Netherlands - Popular music
• Culture of the Netherlands - Dance
• Culture of the Netherlands - Publishing
• Culture of the Netherlands - Newspapers
• Culture of the Netherlands - Magazines
• Culture of the Netherlands - National library
• Culture of the Netherlands - Food
• Culture of the Netherlands - Language
• Culture of the Netherlands - Religion

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Cologne (German: Köln ▶ (help·info) [kœln]; Kölsch: Kölle) is Germany's fourth largest city after Berlin, Hamburg and Munich. Cologne lies on the River Rhine in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia about half way between Frankfurt and Amsterdam. It is the largest city in the Rhine-Ruhr Area, one of the largest European metropol ...

Including:

• Cologne - Geography
• Cologne - The Coat of Arms of Cologne
• Cologne - History
• Cologne - Sister cities
• Cologne - Buildings and places of interest in Cologne
• Cologne - Legalities
• Cologne - Born in Cologne

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The Portuguese wines are part of ancient traditions inserted in the region firstly by the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, and Greeks. Long before the Roman rule over the region, who will also substantially influence in wine production. During this era, is where the Portuguese wines started to be exported to Rome. Today, Portugal is a traditional wine grower with 8% of its continental land dedicated to winery. Portugal has a large variety of native breeds (about 500), producing a very wide variety of different wines. It produces dis ...

Including:

• Wines of Portugal - History
• Wines of Portugal - The Castas
• Wines of Portugal - Alentejo Wines
• Wines of Portugal - Vinhos Verdes
• Wines of Portugal - Port Wine and Douro wines
• Wines of Portugal - Dão Wine
• Wines of Portugal - Bairrada Wine
• Wines of Portugal - Moscatel wines
• Wines of Portugal - Links

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To circumnavigate a place, such as an island, a continent, or the Earth, is to travel all the way around it by boat or ship. More recently, the term has also been used to cover aerial round-the-world flights. see also modern circumnavigation. Circumnavigation - World Circumnavigation. Different definitions of world circumnavigation have been used to suit the purposes of the persons wishing to attain notability for completing one. In sailing, a world circumnavigation is a passage of at least 21,600 nautical ...

Including:

• Circumnavigation - World Circumnavigation
• Circumnavigation - Notable global maritime circumnavigations
• Circumnavigation - Other notable maritime circumnavigations
• Circumnavigation - Record maritime circumnavigations
• Circumnavigation - Notable aerial circumnavigations

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Saint Clare of Assisi, born Chiara Offreduccio, (July 16, 1194 – August 11, 1253) was one of the first followers of Francis of Assisi and founded the Order of Poor Ladies to organize the women who chose to take the Franciscan vow of poverty and celibacy. Clare was born in Assisi, Italy in 1194 as the eldest daughter of Favorino Scifi, Count of Sasso-Rosso. In 1210, Clare heard Francis preaching in the streets of Assisi about his new mendicant order (then newly-approved by the Pope) and was moved by his words. On March ...

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Life in the People's Republic of China Chinese art is art, whether modern or ancient, that originated in or is practiced in China or by Chinese artists or performers. Early so-called "stone age art" dates back to 10,000 BC, mostly consisting of simple pottery and sculptures. This early period was followed by a series of art dynasties, most of which lasted several hundred years. The art of Taiwan and that of Chinese Emigrants can also be considered part of Chinese art where it is based in or draws on the heritage of Chines ...

Including:

• Chinese art - Historical development to 221 BC
• Chinese art - Neolithic pottery
• Chinese art - Jade culture
• Chinese art - Bronze casting
• Chinese art - Early Chinese music
• Chinese art - Early Chinese poetry
• Chinese art - Chu and Southern culture
• Chinese art - Early imperial China 221 BC–AD 220
• Chinese art - Qin sculpture
• Chinese art - Pottery
• Chinese art - Han poetry
• Chinese art - Han architecture
• Chinese art - Other Han art
• Chinese art - Period of division 220–581
• Chinese art - Influence of Buddhism
• Chinese art - Secular culture
• Chinese art - Poetry
• Chinese art - Calligraphy
• Chinese art - Painting
• Chinese art - The Sui and Tang dynasties 581–960
• Chinese art - Buddhist architecture and sculpture
• Chinese art - Golden age of Chinese poetry
• Chinese art - Li Po and Du Fu
• Chinese art - Late Tang poetry
• Chinese art - Painting
• Chinese art - The Song and Yuan dynasties 960–1368
• Chinese art - Song poetry
• Chinese art - Song painting
• Chinese art - Yuan drama
• Chinese art - Yuan painting
• Chinese art - Late imperial China 1368–1895
• Chinese art - Ming Poetry
• Chinese art - Ming prose
• Chinese art - Ming painting
• Chinese art - Qing drama
• Chinese art - Qing poetry
• Chinese art - Early Qing painting
• Chinese art - Decorative arts
• Chinese art - Qing fiction
• Chinese art - Modern Chinese art
• Chinese art - Painting
• Chinese art - Poetry
• Chinese art - Influence of the West
• Chinese art - People's arts
• Chinese art - Contemporary art since 1979
• Chinese art - Performing arts
• Chinese art - Visual arts
• Chinese art - Unsorted
• Chinese art - Performing arts
• Chinese art - Visual arts

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Abu Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir (Persian: ابو مظفر محی الدین محمد اورنگزیب عالمگیر) (November 3, 1618 – March 3, 1707), usually known as Aurangzeb, but also sometimes as Alamgir I, was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1658 until 1707. He was and is a very controversial figure in Indian history. Unlike his predecessors, Aurangzeb led a remarkably austere and pious life. Strict adherence to Islam and Sharia (Islamic law)—as he interpreted them—were ...

Including:

• Aurangzeb - Rise to throne
• Aurangzeb - Early life
• Aurangzeb - War of succession
• Aurangzeb - Aurangzeb's Reign
• Aurangzeb - Enforcement of Islamic law
• Aurangzeb - Expansion of the empire
• Aurangzeb - Conversion of non-Muslims
• Aurangzeb - Hindu temple desecration
• Aurangzeb - Impact of Aurangzeb's reign
• Aurangzeb - Hindu rebellion
• Aurangzeb - The Deccan wars and the rise of the Marathas
• Aurangzeb - Defiance of the Sikhs and the rise of the Khalsa
• Aurangzeb - Legacy
• Aurangzeb - Commentary by recent historians
• Aurangzeb - Wolpert
• Aurangzeb - Manas Group UCLA

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Antonio Stradivari (1644 - December 18, 1737Cremona) was an Italian luthier (maker of violins and other stringed instruments), the most prominent member of that profession. The Latin form of his surname, "Stradivarius" - sometimes shortened to "Strad" - is often used to refer to his instruments. Antonio Stradivari was born in the year 1644 (by some sources in 1649 or 1650) but there are not any sources about his exact birth place, apart of the the fact that he was born in Italy to Alessandro Stradivari and Anna Moroni. Probably in the years 1667 throu ...

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Aphra Behn, nee Aphra Johnston (c. 1640 – April 16, 1689) was a prolific dramatist of the Restoration, and considered to be one of the first English professional woman writers. Her writing participated in the amatory fiction genre of British literature. Few hard facts can be pinned down regarding Behn's life. She may have been born in Wye near Canterbury, on July 10, 1640, daughter of a barber named Johnston. In the 1660s she probably travelled to an English sugar colony on the Surinam River, on the coast east of Venez ...

Including:

• Aphra Behn - Plays
• Aphra Behn - Novels

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April 25 is the 115th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (116th in leap years). There are 250 days remaining. April 25 - Events. 1607 - Eighty Years' War: Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. 1707 - An Allied Austrian army is defeated by Bourbon army at Almansa (Spain) in the War of the Spanish Succession. 1719 - Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe is published. 1792 - Highwayman Nicolas J. Pelletier becomes t ...

Including:

• April 25 - Events
• April 25 - Births
• April 25 - Deaths
• April 25 - Holidays and observances

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Anton[1] van Leeuwenhoek (October 24, 1632 - August 30, 1723, full name Thonius Philips van Leeuwenhoek (pronounced 'Layewenhook') was a tradesman and scientist from Delft, Netherlands. He was known as "the Father of Microbiology". Born the son of a basket maker, at age 16 he secured an apprenticeship with a Scottish cloth merchant in Amsterdam. He is best known for his contribution to the improvement of the microscope and for his contr ...

Including:

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Early involvement with the microscope
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Eventual recognition by the English Royal Society
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Possible Vermeer connection
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Notes

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