1678

1678 - Events. August 10 - Treaty of Nijmegen ends the Dutch War. September 6 - Titus Oates begins to present allegations of the "Popish Plot", a Catholic conspiracy to assassinate king Charles II of England October 17 - British magistrate Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey is found murdered in Primrose Hill, London. Titus Oates claims it as a proof of his allegations. About 1200 Irish families sail from Barbados to Virginia and the Carolinas First chrysanthemums in Europe

August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. August 14 - Events. 1040 - King Duncan I of Scotland is killed in battle against his cousin and successor Macbeth 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures and flee to western Japan to escape pursuit by the Minamoto clan. (Traditional Japanese date: Twenty-fifth Day of the Seventh Month of ...

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• August 14 - Events
• August 14 - Births
• August 14 - Deaths
• August 14 - Holidays and observances

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August 13 is the 225th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (226th in leap years), with 140 days remaining. August 13 - Events. 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury corollation, the Maya calendar starts. 523 - John succeeds Hormisdas as Pope. 1099 - Paschal II elected Pope. 1315 - Louis X of France marries Clemence d'Anjou. 1326 - Aradia de Toscano, according to legend/folklore, is initiated into a Dianic witchcraft cult, subsequently founds th ...

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• August 13 - Events
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• August 13 - Holidays and observances

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August 28 is the 240th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (241st in leap years), with 125 days remaining. August 28 - Events. 475 - The Pannonian general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital of Ravenna and appoints Romulus Augustus in his place. 489 - Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way into Italy. 1521 - The Turks occupy Belgrade 1542 - Reinforced wi ...

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• August 28 - Events
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August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. August 5 - Events. 642 - Battle of Maserfeld - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia 1100 - Henry I crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey 1305 - William Wallace, who led Scottish resistance to England, is captured by the English near Glasgow and transported to London for trial and execution. 1583 - Sir Humphrey G ...

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• August 5 - Events
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• August 5 - Deaths
• August 5 - Holidays and observances

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August 9 is the 221st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (222nd in leap years), with 144 days remaining. August 9 - Events. 48 BC - Roman Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt. AD 378 - Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Valens is defeated by the Visigoths in present-day Turkey. Valens is killed along with 2/3 of his army. 681 - Bulgaria is founded as a ...

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• August 9 - Deaths
• August 9 - Holidays and observances

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The Ashmolean Museum (in full the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology) in Oxford, England is the world's first university museum. Its first building was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and built in 1678–1683 to house the collection of curiosities Elias Ashmole gave Oxford University in 1677 — the ones he had collected himself as well as those he had inherited from the travellers John Tradescant, father and son. The collection included antique coins, books, engravings, geological specimens, and zoological specimens — ...

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August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. August 3 - Events. 8 - Roman general Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. 435 - Deposed Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of the Christological "heresy" (at the time) known as Nestorianism, was exiled by Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt. 1492 - Christopher Columbus sets sail f ...

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An artificial or constructed language (known colloquially as a conlang among aficionados), is a language whose phonology, grammar and vocabulary are specifically devised by an individual or small group, rather than having naturally evolved as part of a culture as with natural languages. Some are designed for use in human communication (usually to function as international auxiliary languages), but others are created for use in fiction, linguistic experimentation, secrecy (codes), or for the experience of doing so (artistic languages, language games). These ...

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• Constructed language - History

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Aphra Behn, nee Aphra Johnston (c. 1640 – April 16, 1689) was a prolific dramatist of the Restoration, and considered to be one of the first English professional woman writers. Her writing participated in the amatory fiction genre of British literature. Few hard facts can be pinned down regarding Behn's life. She may have been born in Wye near Canterbury, on July 10, 1640, daughter of a barber named Johnston. In the 1660s she probably travelled to an English sugar colony on the Surinam River, on the coast east of Venez ...

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• Aphra Behn - Plays
• Aphra Behn - Novels

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For the two explorers who sailed into the Atlantic in 1291, see Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi. Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (March 4, 1678, Venice – July 28, 1741, Vienna), nicknamed Il Prete Rosso, meaning "The Red Priest," was an Italian priest and baroque music composer. Antonio Vivaldi - Biography. His father, Giovanni Battista, a barber before becoming a professinal violinist, taught him to play violin at first, then toured Venice playing violin with his father. In 1703 Vivaldi was ...

Including:

• Antonio Vivaldi - Biography
• Antonio Vivaldi - Major works
• Antonio Vivaldi - Published works in his lifetime
• Antonio Vivaldi - Operas
• Antonio Vivaldi - Concertos
• Antonio Vivaldi - Sacred Works
• Antonio Vivaldi - Media
• Antonio Vivaldi - Selected historically informed performance ensembles specialising in Vivaldi
• Antonio Vivaldi - References and further reading

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Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most prominent of Founders and early political figures and statesmen of the United States. Considered the earliest of the Founders, Franklin was noted for his curiosity, ingenuity and diversity of interests. His wit and wisdom is proverbial to this day. More than anyone he shaped the American Revolution despite never holding national elective office. As a leader of the Enlightenment he had the attention of scientists and intellectuals all across Europe. As agent in ...

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• Benjamin Franklin - Biography
• Benjamin Franklin - Ancestry
• Benjamin Franklin - Early life
• Benjamin Franklin - Middle years
• Benjamin Franklin - Later years
• Benjamin Franklin - Death and afterwards
• Benjamin Franklin - Fiction

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April 17 is the 107th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (108th in leap years). There are 258 days remaining. April 17 - Events. 1397 - Geoffrey Chaucer tells the Canterbury Tales for the first time at the court of Richard II. 1492 - Spain and Christopher Columbus sign a contract for him to sail to Asia to get spices. 1521 - Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant his teachings. 1524 - Giovanni da Verrazano ...

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• April 17 - Events
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• April 17 - Holidays and observances

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April 29 is the 119th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (120th in leap years). There are 246 days remaining. April 29 - Events. 1429 - Battle of Orléans: French troops led by Joan of Arc lifted the English siege of Orléans, a turning point in the Hundred Years' War. 1672 - Franco-Dutch War: Louis XIV of France invades the Netherlands. 1770 - James Cook arrives at and names Botany Bay, Australia. 1854 - The Ashmun Institute is official ...

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• April 29 - Events
• April 29 - Births
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• April 29 - Other

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Sir Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll and 10th Earl of Argyll (July 25, 1658–September 25, 1703) was a Scottish peer. The eldest son of the 9th Earl of Argyll, Campbell sought to recover his father's estates (by moving into King James II's favour). However, after failing to do so, he supported William and Mary's quest for the throne; this important support led to the monarch's returning his father's estate. Also, he was made a Privy Councillor. He was William's chief Scottish advisor, and was made a duke in 1701. ...

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April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). There are 271 days remaining. April 4 - Events. 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. 1721 - Sir Robert Walpole enters office as the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom under King George I. 1812 - U.S. President James Madison enacted a ninety-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom. 1814 - Napo ...

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Adonis | Anat | Asherah | Astarte | Ba'al | Berith | Dagon | El | Elyon | Elohim | Hadad | Moloch | Mot | Salem | Shaddai | Yaw Adonai | El | Elohim | Elyon | Shaddai | Shekinah | YHWH Adad | Amurru | An/Anu | Anshar | Asshur | Abzu/Apsu | Enki/Ea | Enlil | Ereshkigal | Inanna/Ishtar | Kingu | Kishar | Lahmu & Lahamu | Marduk | Mummu | Nabu | Nammu | Nanna/Sin | Nergal | Ninhur ...

Including:

• Baal - Non-religious usage of the word Ba'al
• Baal - Deities called Ba‘al and Ba‘alat
• Baal - Ba'al of Carthage
• Baal - Ba‘al as a divine title in Israel and Judah
• Baal - Multiple Ba‘als and ‘Ashtarts
• Baal - Use of the word Ba‘al
• Baal - Ba'al as a demon
• Baal - Ba'al Zebûb

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Beelzebub (also known as Belzebud, Belzaboul, Beelzeboul, Baalsebul, Baalzebubg, Beelzebuth, Beelzebus; more accurately Ba‘al Zebûb or Ba‘al Zəbûb, Hebrew בעל זבוב), appears as the name of a deity worshipped in the Philistine city of Ekron. The name also later appears as the name of a demon or devil, often interchanged with Beelzebul. In ancient contexts, there appears to have been little, if any, meaningful distinction between Beelze ...

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• Beelzebub - Apocryphal literature
• Beelzebub - Later accounts
• Beelzebub - In popular culture

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While the Whigs (along with the Tories) are often described as one of the two political parties in late 17th to mid 19th century Great Britain, it is more accurate to describe them as loose political groupings or tendencies. The formal name of the Whigs was originally the Country Party (as opposed to the Tories, the Court Party); this was changed in the 19th Century to the Liberal Party (and the Tories to the Conservative Party). Whig - Name. The term Whig originates in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms ...

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• Whig - Name
• Whig - History
• Whig - Two-party system
• Whig - The Liberal Party

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William III of England (14 November 1650 – 8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, King of England and King of Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scots from 11 April 1689, in each case until his death. Born a member of the House of Orange-Nassau, William III won the English, Scottish and Irish Crowns following the Glorious Revolution, during which his uncle and father-in-law, James II, was depos ...

Including:

• William III of England - Early life
• William III of England - Early reign
• William III of England - Glorious Revolution
• William III of England - Revolution Settlement
• William III of England - Rule with Mary II
• William III of England - Later years
• William III of England - Death
• William III of England - Legacy
• William III of England - Style and arms
• William III of England - Ancestry

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