1661

1661 - Events. January 6 - The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. George Monck's regiment defeats them February 5 - The Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty of China dies and is succeeded by his son the Kangxi Emperor. February 14 - George Monck’s regiment becomes The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards (which later becomes Coldstream Guards) April 23 - King Charles II of England, Scotland, Ireland crowned in Westminster ...

Including:

• 1661 - Events
• 1661 - Births
• 1661 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1661: Encyclopedia - 1661

The main use is now actually not on the head (indeed, many people entitled to a coronet never have one made; the same even applies to some monarchs' crowns, as in Belgium) but as a rank symbol in heraldry, adorning a coat of arms. In the United Kingdom, a peer wears his or her coronet on one occasion only: for a royal coronation, when it is worn along with coronation robes, equally standardized as a luxurious uniform. In the peerage of the United Kingdom, the design of a coronet shows the rank of its owner, as in French and var ...

See also:

Coronet, Coronet - Commonwealth usage

Read more here: » Coronet: Encyclopedia II - Coronet - Commonwealth usage

Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll and 8th Earl of Argyll (1607 - 27 May 1661) was the de facto head of government in Scotland during most of the Scottish Civil War (which was part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms). He was eldest son of Archibald, 7th Earl, by his first wife, was educated at St Andrews University, where he matriculated on 15 January 1622. He had early in life, as Lord Lorne, been entrusted with the possession of the Argyll estates when his father renounced Protestantism and took arms for Philip ...

Read more here: » Archibald Campbell 1st Marquess of Argyll: Encyclopedia - Archibald Campbell 1st Marquess of Argyll

April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). There are 259 days remaining. April 16 - Events. 1178 BC - A solar eclipse may mark the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom after the Trojan War. 1071 - Bari falls to Robert Guiscard, ending Byzantine rule in Italy. 1521 - Martin Luther's first appearance before the Diet of Worms to be examined by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the rest of the ...

Including:

• April 16 - Events
• April 16 - Births
• April 16 - Deaths
• April 16 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 16: Encyclopedia - April 16

April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). There are 252 days remaining. April 23 - Events. 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene. 1014 - Battle of Clontarf: Brian Boru defeats Viking invaders, but is killed in battle. 1348 - The founding of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III of England is announced on St George's ...

Including:

• April 23 - Events
• April 23 - Births
• April 23 - Deaths
• April 23 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 23: Encyclopedia - April 23

April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). There are 265 days remaining. April 10 - Events. 1741 - Prussia defeats Austria in the Battle of Mollwitz 1815 - Mount Tambora eruption covers several islands with ash in Indonesia. 1816 - The U.S. government approved the creation of a Second Bank of the United States. 1865 - American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General R ...

Including:

• April 10 - Events
• April 10 - Births
• April 10 - Deaths
• April 10 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 10: Encyclopedia - April 10

April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). There are 271 days remaining. April 4 - Events. 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. 1721 - Sir Robert Walpole enters office as the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom under King George I. 1812 - U.S. President James Madison enacted a ninety-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom. 1814 - Napo ...

Including:

• April 4 - Events
• April 4 - Births
• April 4 - Deaths
• April 4 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 4: Encyclopedia - April 4

April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). There are 268 days remaining. April 7 - Events. 529 - first draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I 1348 - Charles University is founded in Prague. 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Cebu 1541 - Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese East Indies. 1655 - Fab ...

Including:

• April 7 - Events
• April 7 - Births
• April 7 - Deaths
• April 7 - Holidays and observances

Read more here: » April 7: Encyclopedia - April 7

Anne of Austria (September 22, 1601 - January 20, 1666) was Queen Consort of France and Regent for her son, Louis XIV of France. During her relatively brief reign, Cardinal Mazarin served as France's chief minister. She was born in Valladolid, Spain, as the daughter of Habsburg parents, Philip III, king of Spain, and Margaret of Austria. On November 24, 1615, she was married to King Louis XIII of France (1601-1643), part of the Bourbon Dynasty. They would have two sons, Louis (the dauphin) born in 1638 and Philip I, Duke ...

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Sikhism (Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖੀ) is a religion based on the teachings of ten Gurus who lived primarily in 16th and 17th century India. It is one of the world's major religions with over 23 million followers. Sikhism comes from the word Sikh, which in turn comes from its Sanskrit root 'śiṣya' (शिष्य) which means "disciple" or "learner", or from the equivalent Pāli word 'sikkhā' (Including:

• Sikhism - History of Sikhism
• Sikhism - The Gurus of Sikhism
• Sikhism - The Ten Gurus of Sikhism
• Sikhism - The Guru Granth Sahib
• Sikhism - Sikh religious philosophy
• Sikhism - Primary beliefs and principles
• Sikhism - Underlying values
• Sikhism - Prohibited behavior
• Sikhism - Technique and methods
• Sikhism - Other observations
• Sikhism - Observations
• Sikhism - All welcomed
• Sikhism - Followers of Sikhism
• Sikhism - The Five Ks
• Sikhism - Sikhs around the world
• Sikhism - Sikhs and Punjabis
• Sikhism - The Khalsa
• Sikhism - Khalistan

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Uji (Japanese: 宇治市; -shi) is a city on the southern outskirts of the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. The city sits on the Uji River ("Ujigawa"), which has its source in Lake Biwa ("Biwa-ko"). In the 4th century the son of Emperor Ōjin established a palace in Uji. Uji is famous in Japan for a number of reasons: it is the home of Byodoin (with its Amida Hall ...

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Jiangsu (Simplified: 江苏; Traditional: 江蘇; Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāngsū; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name "Jiangsu" comes from Jiang, short for the city of Jiangning (now Nanjing), and Su, for the city of Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is 苏 (Hanyu P ...

Including:

• Jiangsu - History
• Jiangsu - Geography
• Jiangsu - Administrative divisions
• Jiangsu - Economy
• Jiangsu - Demographics
• Jiangsu - Culture
• Jiangsu - Famous people
• Jiangsu - Tourism
• Jiangsu - Miscellaneous topics
• Jiangsu - Sports
• Jiangsu - Colleges and Universities

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Haiku is one of the most important modes of Japanese poetry, a late 19th century revision by Masaoka Shiki of the older hokku (発句), the opening verse of a linked verse form, haikai no renga . A traditional hokku consists of a pattern of approximately 5, 7, and 5 morae, phonetic units which only partially correspond to the syllables of languages such as English. It also contains a special season word (the kigo) descriptive of the season in which it is set. Hokku often combine two (or rarely, three ...

Including:

• Haiku - Origin and evolution
• Haiku - From renga to haikai
• Haiku - The time of Bashō
• Haiku - The time of Buson
• Haiku - The appearance of Shiki
• Haiku - Modern haiku
• Haiku - Hekigotō and Kyoshi
• Haiku - Haiku in the West
• Haiku - Henderson and Blyth
• Haiku - The budding of American haiku
• Haiku - Contemporary English-language haiku
• Haiku - Internet and television
• Haiku - Famous writers
• Haiku - Pre-Shiki period hokku
• Haiku - Shiki and later haiku
• Haiku - Non-Japanese

Read more here: » Haiku: Encyclopedia - Haiku

Ballet is the name given to a specific dance form and technique. Works of dance choreographed using this technique are called ballets, and may include: dance, mime, acting and music (orchestral and sung). Ballets can be performed alone or as part of an opera. Ballet is best known for its virtuoso techniques such as pointe work, grand pas de deux and high leg extensions. Many ballet techniques bear a striking similarity to fencing positions and footwork, perhaps due to their development during the same periods of history, but more probably, because both arts had similar r ...

Including:

• Ballet - History of ballet
• Ballet - Ballet production
• Ballet - Directors
• Ballet - Dancers
• Ballet - Teachers
• Ballet - Composers
• Ballet - Designers and scenographers
• Ballet - Ballet education
• Ballet - Pictures
• Ballet - Video Clips

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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700 in the Gregorian calendar. 17th century - Events. 1601: Battle of Kinsale, the most important battle in Irish history, fought. 1602: Dutch East India Company founded. Its success contributes to the Dutch Golden Age. 1603: Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland, uniting the crowns of Scotland and England. 1603: Tokugawa Ieyas ...

Including:

• 17th century - Events
• 17th century - Significant people
• 17th century - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 17th century - Decades and years

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Academia is a collective term for the scientific and cultural community engaged in higher education and research, taken as a whole. The word comes from the akademeia just outside ancient Athens, where the gymnasium was made famous by Plato as a center of learning. The sacred space had formerly been an olive grove, hence the expression "the groves of Academe". By extension Academia has come to connote the cultural accumulation of knowledge, its development and transmission across generations and its practitioners a ...

Including:

• Academia - Structure
• Academia - Qualifications
• Academia - Academic conferences
• Academia - Conflicting goals
• Academia - History
• Academia - Ancient times
• Academia - Early development
• Academia - Rise of academic societies
• Academia - Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
• Academia - Recent economic changes
• Academia - Academic publishing
• Academia - History of academic journals
• Academia - Current status and development
• Academia - Academic dress

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Ariccia is a commune in the province of Rome, in the Province of Rome of the Lazio (Latium) region. It is part of the suburb of Rome and is situated in the regional park known as the "Parco Regionale dei Castelli Romani". Ariccia is famous for its porchetta, a local roasted pig recipe, and for its excellent wine. The commune of Ariccia extends to the towns of Vallericcia and Cecchina. It is bounded by the communes of Albano Laziale ...

Including:

• Ariccia - History
• Ariccia - Main sights

Read more here: » Ariccia: Encyclopedia - Ariccia

Alfred is a town located in York County, Maine. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 2,497. It is the county seat of York County 6. Alfred Maine - History. Abenaki Native Americans called the area "Massabesic," meaning "large pond," or "the place of much water." It was in the western portion of a tract of land purchased from Chief Fluellin in 1661 by Major William Phillips, an owner of mills in Saco. According to historian Jim Brunelle, editor of the Maine Almanac, the ...

Including:

• Alfred Maine - History
• Alfred Maine - Geography
• Alfred Maine - Demographics
• Alfred Maine - General Information
• Alfred Maine - Local Government
• Alfred Maine - Schools
• Alfred Maine - Neighboring Towns

Read more here: » Alfred Maine: Encyclopedia - Alfred Maine

Alexander VII, né Fabio Chigi (February 13, 1599 – May 22, 1667) was pope from April 7, 1655 until his death in 1667. Born in Siena, a member of the illustrious banking family of Chigi and a great-nephew of Pope Paul V, he was privately tutored and eventually received doctorates of philosophy, law, and theology from the University of Siena. In 1627 he began his apprenticeship as vice-legate at Ferrara, and on recommendations from two cardinals he was appointed successively Inquisitor of Malta and nuncio in Colo ...

Including:

• Pope Alexander VII - External link

Read more here: » Pope Alexander VII: Encyclopedia - Pope Alexander VII

The Air de cour was a popular type of secular vocal music in France in the very late Renaissance and early Baroque period, from about 1570 until around 1650. From approximately 1610 to 1635, during the reign of Louis XIII, this was the predominant form of secular vocal composition in France. The earliest examples of the form are for solo voice accompanied by lute; towards the end of the 16th century, four or five voices are common, sometimes accompanied (or instrumental accompaniment may have been optional); and by the mid 17th ...

Including:

• Air de cour - References and further reading

Read more here: » Air de cour: Encyclopedia - Air de cour