1543 - Science. Andreas Vesalius publishes De Humanis Corporis Fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body), revolutionising the science of human anatomy Nicolaus Copernicus - De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium 1543 - Births. January 18 - (baptized) - Alfonso Ferrabosco, Italian composer (died 1588) January 31 - Tokugawa Ieyasu, Japanese shogun (died 1616) February 15 - Charles II, Duke of Lorraine (died 1608)Including:

• 1543 - Events
• 1543 - Science
• 1543 - Births
• 1543 - Deaths

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See also:

Tokugawa Ieyasu, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Biography, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Early life 1543-1556, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Rise to power 1556-1584, Tokugawa Ieyasu - The road to Sekigahara 1584-1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Lead-up to the Battle of Sekigahara 1598-1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu 1603-1605, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Retired Shogun Ieyasu 1605-1616, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Tokugawa Ieyasu in popular culture, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Ieyasu as a person

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Ieyasu is known for being loyal towards his personal friends and generals whom he rewarded. However, he also remembered those who wronged him in the past. It is said that Ieyasu executed a man who insulted him when he was just a child. Ieyasu's favourite past-times were swimming and hawking. He also enjoyed Noh, a form of Japanese drama traditionally identified with the austerity of the samurai class. Later in life he also took to scholarship and religion, patronizing famous scholars like Hayashi Razan ...

See also:

Tokugawa Ieyasu, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Biography, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Early life 1543-1556, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Rise to power 1556-1584, Tokugawa Ieyasu - The road to Sekigahara 1584-1600, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Lead-up to the Battle of Sekigahara 1598-1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu 1603-1605, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Retired Shogun Ieyasu 1605-1616, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Tokugawa Ieyasu in popular culture, Tokugawa Ieyasu - Ieyasu as a person

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Saint Cuthbert Mayne (1543-1577), Catholic priest and martyr. He was born at Yorkston, near Barnstaple, in Devon, the son of William Mayne and was baptized on March 20, 1543/4, St Cuthbert's day. The times were not propitious for the Catholic faith and the England of Henry VIII was already in schism. With the ascent to the throne of the boy King Edward VI was to fall into the hands of an overtly Protestant regime. Cuthbert Mayne's uncle was a priest who leaned heavily to the new doctrines. The idea was that the boy, a good-natu ...

Including:

• Cuthbert Mayne - Sources

Read more here: » Cuthbert Mayne: Encyclopedia - Cuthbert Mayne

1510s 1520s 1530s - 1540s - 1550s 1560s 1570s 1540 1541 1542 1543 1544 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1540s - Events and Trends. 1541 Hernando de Soto is the first European to see the Mississippi River. 1542 The first contact of Japan with the West Category: 1540s ...

Including:

• 1540s - Events and Trends

Read more here: » 1540s: Encyclopedia - 1540s

Wilhelm "The Rich", Duke of Jülich-Kleve-Berg (Wilhelm "der Reiche", Herzog von Jülich-Kleve-Berg) (28 July 1516 - 05 January 1592) was the only son of Johann III, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg and Maria von Geldern and took over rule of his father's estates upon his death in 1539. He is also known as Wilhelm V of Jülich, Wilhelm IV of Berg, or Wilhelm I of Cleves-Mark. From 1539 to 1543 he also governed the neighbouring territory Orange-Nassau. In accordance with the contract of Venlo (1543) this territory (including the county Zütphen) was transfered by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor ...

Including:

• Wilhelm Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg - Marriages and Descendants

Read more here: » Wilhelm Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg: Encyclopedia - Wilhelm Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg

Andreas Osiander (Andreas Hosemann) (1498 - 1552) was a German Protestant theologian. In 1523, he persuaded Albert of Prussia, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, to convert to the Lutheran faith. In 1543, Osiander oversaw the publication of the book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the revolution of celestial spheres) by Copernicus, and added an unsigned preface explaining that the model described in the book was not intended as a description of the way the Universe really is, but as a mathematical device to simplify calculations involving the movement of pl ...

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Christopher Tye (around 1505 - around 1572) was an English composer and organist. He studied at Cambridge University, and became a Doctor of Music both there and at Oxford. He was choirmaster of Ely Cathedral from about 1543, resigning his post in 1561. He may have been music teacher to Edward VI. His Latin church music includes masses (notably one based on the song "The Western Wynde", also the basis of masses by John Taverner and John Sheppard) and psalm settings. He also composed works in English for the Church of England, including services and anthems, and pieces fo ...

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Hayyim ben Joseph Vital (1543 in Safed-6 May 1620 in Damascus) was one of the most famous exponents of Kabbalah. As a young boy, Vital was educated by the scholar, Rabbi Moses Alshech. Other than that, most of his early life is full of legends. For instance, it is claimed that at the age of twelve, he was told by a chiromancer that when he reached the age of twenty-four, he would find himself standing before two roads, and would rise or fall according to his choice. Joseph Caro is said to have paid especial attention to Vital's ...

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This is a list of the monarchs of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed in the British Isles, namely: The Kingdom of England, from 871 (including Wales from the Act of Union 1536-1543) up to 1707; The Kingdom of Scotland, from 843 up to 1707; The Lordship of Ireland, from 1199 up to 1541; The Kingdom of Ireland, from 1541 up to 1801; The Kingdom of Great Britain, from the Acts of ...

Including:

• List of monarchs in the British Isles - Complications over Title and Style
• List of monarchs in the British Isles - Monarchs
• List of monarchs in the British Isles - Mnemonics
• List of monarchs in the British Isles - Notes

Read more here: » List of monarchs in the British Isles: Encyclopedia - List of monarchs in the British Isles

Mikołaj Kopernik (February 19, 1473 – May 24, 1543), more commonly known by the Latin form Nicolaus Copernicus, was a Polish[1] astrologer, astronomer, mathematician, administrator and economist. He is mainly remembered for developing a scientifically-useful heliocentric (Sun-centered) theory of the solar system. Copernicus worked in Royal Prussia as a church canon, governor, administrator, economist, jurist, physician, astrologer and, in con ...

Including:

• Nicolaus Copernicus - Biography
• Nicolaus Copernicus - The Copernican heliocentric system
• Nicolaus Copernicus - Earlier theories
• Nicolaus Copernicus - The Ptolemaic system
• Nicolaus Copernicus - Copernican theory
• Nicolaus Copernicus - De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
• Nicolaus Copernicus - Copernicus and Copernicanism
• Nicolaus Copernicus - Quotes
• Nicolaus Copernicus - University
• Nicolaus Copernicus - Grave

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A revolution is a relatively sudden, and absolutely drastic change (a "complete turn-around"). This may be a change in the social or political institutions over a relatively short period of time, or a major change in its culture or economy. Some revolutions are led by the majority of the populace of a nation, others by a small band of revolutionaries. Compare rebellion. The word took on this meaning from the 1543 book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium by astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus which so completely changed the way the u ...

Including:

• Revolution - Social and political revolutions
• Revolution - Ancient revolutions
• Revolution - Liberal revolutions
• Revolution - Socialist and/or Communist revolutions
• Revolution - Eastern European anti-Communist/anti-dictatorship revolutions
• Revolution - Islamist revolutions
• Revolution - Color revolutions
• Revolution - Cultural intellectual and philosophical revolutions
• Revolution - Technological revolutions

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Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi (c.1507 - February 21, 1543) was a Somali Imam and General who defeated several Ethiopian emperors and wreaked much damage on that nation. He is also known as Ahmad Gragn (or Gurey), "Ahmed the left-handed". He was born near Zeila, a port city located in northwestern Somalia, and married Bati del Wambara, the daughter of governor Mahfuz of Zeila. When Mahfuz was killed returning from a campaign against the Ethiopian emperor Lebna Dengel in 1517, the Adal sultanate lapsed into anarchy for several years, until Imam Ahmad kille ...

Including:

• Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi - Sources

Read more here: » Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi: Encyclopedia - Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi

The University of Pisa (Italian Università di Pisa) is one of the most renowned Italian universities. It is located in Pisa, Tuscany. It was formally founded on the September 3, 1343 by an edict of Pope Clement VI, although there had been lectures on law in Pisa since the 11th century. The University has the oldest Botanical garden (Orto botanico di Pisa) founded in 1543. The University of Pisa is part of the Pisa University System, together with the Scuola Normale Superiore and Sant'Anna School. It offers a wide and wo ...

Including:

• University of Pisa - Organization of the University
• University of Pisa - Notable alumni

Read more here: » University of Pisa: Encyclopedia - University of Pisa

This was done by passing a series of measures between 1536 and 1543. These included: An act for laws and justice to be ministered in Wales in like form as it is in this realm (27 Henry VIII c. 26) passed in 1536, and, An act for certain ordinances in the king's dominion and principality of Wales (34 and 35 Henry VIII c. 26) passed in 1543. The first of these Acts was passed by a Parliament that had no representatives from Wales. Its effect was to extend English law into the Marches and pro ...

See also:

Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542, Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542 - Background, Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542 - The acts, Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542 - Effects of the Acts, Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542 - The Acts and the Welsh language, Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542 - Bibliography

Read more here: » Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542: Encyclopedia II - Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542 - The acts

The first modern botanical gardens were founded in Northern Italy in connection with universities: Pisa (1543) by Luca Ghini (1490-1556) Padua (1545) Bologna (1567) Other European towns then followed suit: Leiden, Netherlands (1590) Montpellier, France (1593) Heidelberg, Germany (1597) Tübingen, Germany by Leonhart Fuchs Copenhagen, Denmark (1600) Uppsala, Sweden (16 ...

See also:

Botanical garden, Botanical garden - Research, Botanical garden - Educational work, Botanical garden - History

Read more here: » Botanical garden: Encyclopedia II - Botanical garden - History

After a series of exploratory expeditions from Chile since 1543, Santiago del Estero del Nuevo Maestrazgo was founded on July 25, 1553 by Francisco de Aguirre (although some historians consider that its real foundation was in 1550). It is the oldest city in Argentina, but except for several churches, it preserves little of its former colonial architecture. The city was the capital of the Tucumán intendency during the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, and first seat of the Bishop, those ...

See also:

Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero - History, Santiago del Estero - Culture

Read more here: » Santiago del Estero: Encyclopedia II - Santiago del Estero - History

Legend has it that the name Bandra comes from the Hindi word Bandar, meaning port. In 1543, the Portuguese took possession of the island of Bombay by force. The Portuguese gave the Jesuit priests the sole ownership of Bandra, Parel, Wadala and Sion. In 1570 the Jesuits built a college and a church in Bandra which was called St Anne's College. In the mid-18th century, the traveller John Fryer records that the Jesuit church, which stood near the sea shore, was still in use. The Portuguese built several churches in Bandra, ...

See also:

Bandra, Bandra - History, Bandra - Geography, Bandra - Transportation, Bandra - Educational Institutions, Bandra - Entertainment, Bandra - Places of Worship, Bandra - Hospitals, Bandra - Parks & Promenades

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Arnhem, first mentioned in 893 as Oppidium Arnoldi Villa had its real origins in 1233 when Otto II, count of Guelders, conferred city rights on the town, which had belonged to the abbey of Prüm, settled in and fortified it. Arnhem entered the Hanseatic League in 1443. In 1473 it was captured by Charles the Bold of Burgundy. In 1514 Charles of Egmond, duke of Guelders, took it from the dukes of Burgundy; in 1543 it fell to the emperor Charles V. As capital of the socalled "Kwartier van Veluwe" it joined the Union of Utrecht in 1579, a ...

See also:

Arnhem, Arnhem - History, Arnhem - The Battle of Arnhem, Arnhem - Places of interest, Arnhem - Constructions, Arnhem - Notable people, Arnhem - Transport, Arnhem - Population centres, Arnhem - Trivia

Read more here: » Arnhem: Encyclopedia II - Arnhem - History

Martin Luther and the Jews - 16th Century reactions to Luther's words. A few Protestant princes responded to Luther's tracts by enacting measures against the Jews. In 1543, Luther's Prince, Elector John Frederick of Saxony, revoked some of the concessions he gave to Josel of Rosheim in 1539. Johann of Küstrin, Margrave of Neumark, repealed the safe conduct of Jews in his territories. Philip of Hesse added restrictions to his Order Concerning the Jews. No ruler attempted to enact all of Luther's recommendations.See also:

Martin Luther and the Jews, Martin Luther and the Jews - Luther's statements about the Jews, Martin Luther and the Jews - Luther's Spalatin Letter, Martin Luther and the Jews - Servitude of the Jews, Martin Luther and the Jews - Commentary on the Magnificat, Martin Luther and the Jews - That Jesus Christ Was Born a Jew, Martin Luther and the Jews - Luther and Josel of Rosheim, Martin Luther and the Jews - On the Jews and Their Lies, Martin Luther and the Jews - Schem Hamephoras and Luther's final sermon, Martin Luther and the Jews - The influence of Luther's views, Martin Luther and the Jews - 16th Century reactions to Luther's words, Martin Luther and the Jews - The Nazi era, Martin Luther and the Jews - Luther's words and scholarship, Martin Luther and the Jews - Reactions of Christian church bodies and other Religions, Martin Luther and the Jews - Lutherans, Martin Luther and the Jews - Notes, Martin Luther and the Jews - Bibliography

Read more here: » Martin Luther and the Jews: Encyclopedia II - Martin Luther and the Jews - The influence of Luther's views