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1531 | A Wisdom Archive on 1531 | | 1531 A selection of articles related to 1531 | |
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1531, 1531, 1531 - Births, 1531 - Deaths, 1531 - Events
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 1531 | | | |  1531: Encyclopedia II - Switzerland - HistorySwitzerland is a federation of relatively autonomous cantons, some of which have a history of confederacy that goes back more than 700 years, arguably putting them among the world's oldest surviving republics.
According to the popular legend, in 1291, representatives of the three forest cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden signed the Federal Charter. The charter united the involved parties in the struggle against foreign rule by the Habsburgs, who then held the German imperial throne of the Holy Roman Empire. At the Battle of Morga ...
See also:Switzerland, Switzerland - History, Switzerland - Politics, Switzerland - Direct democracy, Switzerland - Energy politics, Switzerland - Cantons states, Switzerland - Geography, Switzerland - Economy, Switzerland - Demographics, Switzerland - Culture Read more here: » Switzerland: Encyclopedia II - Switzerland - History |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - Preparation and methods of prophecy Nostradamus claimed to base his predictions on judicial astrology – basically, the assessment of the 'astrological quality' of expected future events – but was heavily criticised by the professional astrologers for assuming that, thanks to what might be termed 'comparative horoscopy' (comparison of future planetary configurations with the astrology of known past events), it could predict the actual events themselves.
Recent research has indeed shown that most of his prophetic work was based on paraphrasing collections of ancient e ...
See also:Nostradamus, Nostradamus - Biography, Nostradamus - Preparation and methods of prophecy, Nostradamus - His works, Nostradamus - Skepticism, Nostradamus - Misquotes and hoaxes, Nostradamus - Nostradamus in popular culture, Nostradamus - Television, Nostradamus - Film, Nostradamus - Music, Nostradamus - Comics, Nostradamus - Sources Read more here: » Nostradamus: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - Preparation and methods of prophecy |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - History of Lutheranism
Lutheranism - Early history.
Lutheranism as a movement traces its origin to the work of Martin Luther, a German religious scholar who sought to reform the practices of the Roman Catholic Church in the early 16th century. The symbolic beginning of the Reformation occurred on October 31, 1517, which Lutherans and other Protestants regard as Reformation Day, when Doctor Luther posted an open invitation to debate his 95 theses concerning the t ...
See also:Lutheranism, Lutheranism - History of Lutheranism, Lutheranism - Early history, Lutheranism - Religious war, Lutheranism - Results of the Lutheran Reformation, Lutheranism - Lutheran doctrine, Lutheranism - The Holy Scripture and the Lutheran Confessions, Lutheranism - Central doctrines, Lutheranism - Lutheran religious practices, Lutheranism - Lutheran ecumenism, Lutheranism - Lutheranism in North America, Lutheranism - Denominational organization, Lutheranism - Inter-denomination relations, Lutheranism - Lutheran publishers, Lutheranism - Modern Lutheranism in Europe, Lutheranism - Lutherans in Australia, Lutheranism - International bodies Read more here: » Lutheranism: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - History of Lutheranism |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - His works
The Prophecies - In this book he collected his major, long-term divinations. The first edition was published in 1555. The second, with 289 further prophetic verses, was printed in 1557. The third edition, with three hundred new quatrains, was reportedly printed in 1558, but nowadays only survives as part of the omnibus edition that was published after his death in 1568. Thanks to printing practices at the time, no two editions turned out to be identical, and it is relatively rare to find ...
See also:Nostradamus, Nostradamus - Biography, Nostradamus - Preparation and methods of prophecy, Nostradamus - His works, Nostradamus - Skepticism, Nostradamus - Misquotes and hoaxes, Nostradamus - Nostradamus in popular culture, Nostradamus - Television, Nostradamus - Film, Nostradamus - Music, Nostradamus - Comics, Nostradamus - Sources Read more here: » Nostradamus: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - His works |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - Skepticism Skeptics of Nostradamus state that his reputation as a prophet is largely manufactured by modern-day supporters who shoehorn his words into events that have either already occurred or are so imminent as to be inevitable, a process known as as "retroactive clairvoyance". It has been stated, probably correctly, that no Nostradamus quatrain has ever been interpreted as predicting a specific event before it occurred, beyond a very general level (e.g., a fire will occur, a war will start).
A good demonstration of this flexible predicting is to take lyrics written by modern songwriters (e.g., Bob Dylan) a ...
See also:Nostradamus, Nostradamus - Biography, Nostradamus - Preparation and methods of prophecy, Nostradamus - His works, Nostradamus - Skepticism, Nostradamus - Misquotes and hoaxes, Nostradamus - Nostradamus in popular culture, Nostradamus - Television, Nostradamus - Film, Nostradamus - Music, Nostradamus - Comics, Nostradamus - Sources Read more here: » Nostradamus: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - Skepticism |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - Nostradamus in popular culture
Nostradamus - Television.
The television series Alias prominently features the character Milo Rambaldi, a fictional Nostradamus-like prophet. In the science fiction series First Wave, the protagonists use the quatrains of Nostradamus to fight back against an alien invasion. Nostradamus has also been parodied on Comedy Central's Chappelle's Show a ...
See also:Nostradamus, Nostradamus - Biography, Nostradamus - Preparation and methods of prophecy, Nostradamus - His works, Nostradamus - Skepticism, Nostradamus - Misquotes and hoaxes, Nostradamus - Nostradamus in popular culture, Nostradamus - Television, Nostradamus - Film, Nostradamus - Music, Nostradamus - Comics, Nostradamus - Sources Read more here: » Nostradamus: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - Nostradamus in popular culture |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Switzerland - Politics The bicameral Swiss parliament, the Federal Assembly, is the primary seat of power, apart from the Federal Council. Both houses, the Council of States and the National Council, have equal powers in all respects, including the right to introduce legislation.
Under the 1999 constitution, cantons hold all powers not specifically delegated to the federation.
The 46 members of the Council of States (two from each canton and one from former half cantons) are directly elected in each canton, whereas the 200 members of the National Cou ...
See also:Switzerland, Switzerland - History, Switzerland - Politics, Switzerland - Direct democracy, Switzerland - Energy politics, Switzerland - Cantons states, Switzerland - Geography, Switzerland - Economy, Switzerland - Demographics, Switzerland - Culture Read more here: » Switzerland: Encyclopedia II - Switzerland - Politics |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - Misquotes and hoaxes Nostradamus enthusiasts have credited him with predicting numerous events in world history, including the French Revolution, the atom bomb, the rise of Adolf Hitler and the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Indeed, they regularly make similar claims regarding each new world crisis as it comes along, for the most part shamelessly twisting either the words or the events to fit (see specific examples below). Nostradamus does not in fact mention any of the above specifically, not even Hitler: the name Hister, as he himself e ...
See also:Nostradamus, Nostradamus - Biography, Nostradamus - Preparation and methods of prophecy, Nostradamus - His works, Nostradamus - Skepticism, Nostradamus - Misquotes and hoaxes, Nostradamus - Nostradamus in popular culture, Nostradamus - Television, Nostradamus - Film, Nostradamus - Music, Nostradamus - Comics, Nostradamus - Sources Read more here: » Nostradamus: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - Misquotes and hoaxes |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Lutheran ecumenism Lutherans believe in ecumenism, the idea that there is a single Christian church, and a single Christian faith. They do not believe any one church to be singularly true in its teachings. This belief is ingrained in the Lutheran confessions, and reflects the history of Lutheranism as a reform movement rather than a separatist movement.
For that reason, a number of modern Lutheran denominations, now largely separated from state control, are reaching out to other Lutheran denominations as well as other Christian denominations. However, more conservative varieties of Lutheran strive to maintain historical distinctiveness, emph ...
See also:Lutheranism, Lutheranism - History of Lutheranism, Lutheranism - Early history, Lutheranism - Religious war, Lutheranism - Results of the Lutheran Reformation, Lutheranism - Lutheran doctrine, Lutheranism - The Holy Scripture and the Lutheran Confessions, Lutheranism - Central doctrines, Lutheranism - Lutheran religious practices, Lutheranism - Lutheran ecumenism, Lutheranism - Lutheranism in North America, Lutheranism - Denominational organization, Lutheranism - Inter-denomination relations, Lutheranism - Lutheran publishers, Lutheranism - Modern Lutheranism in Europe, Lutheranism - Lutherans in Australia, Lutheranism - International bodies Read more here: » Lutheranism: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Lutheran ecumenism |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Lutheran religious practices Lutherans generally place great emphasis on a liturgical approach to worship services. Music forms a large part of a traditional Lutheran service. Lutheran hymns are sometimes known as chorales, and Luther himself composed hymns and hymn tunes, the most famous of which is "A Mighty Fortress is Our God" ("Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott"). Lutheran hymnody is reputed for its doctrinal, didactic and musical riches. Many Lutheran churches are active musically with choirs, hand-bell choirs, children's choirs and sometimes carillon societies (to ring bells in a bell tower). Johann Sebastian Bach ...
See also:Lutheranism, Lutheranism - History of Lutheranism, Lutheranism - Early history, Lutheranism - Religious war, Lutheranism - Results of the Lutheran Reformation, Lutheranism - Lutheran doctrine, Lutheranism - The Holy Scripture and the Lutheran Confessions, Lutheranism - Central doctrines, Lutheranism - Lutheran religious practices, Lutheranism - Lutheran ecumenism, Lutheranism - Lutheranism in North America, Lutheranism - Denominational organization, Lutheranism - Inter-denomination relations, Lutheranism - Lutheran publishers, Lutheranism - Modern Lutheranism in Europe, Lutheranism - Lutherans in Australia, Lutheranism - International bodies Read more here: » Lutheranism: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Lutheran religious practices |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Lutheran doctrine
Lutheranism - The Holy Scripture and the Lutheran Confessions.
The formal principle of Lutheranism and one of the signature teachings of the Lutheran Reformation is the teaching named Sola scriptura -- "Scripture alone." Lutherans believe that the Bible is divinely inspired and is the final authority for all matters of faith and doctrine. Lutherans also hold that the Holy Scripture is explained and interpreted by the Book of Concord -- a series of Confessions of faith composed by Lutherans in ...
See also:Lutheranism, Lutheranism - History of Lutheranism, Lutheranism - Early history, Lutheranism - Religious war, Lutheranism - Results of the Lutheran Reformation, Lutheranism - Lutheran doctrine, Lutheranism - The Holy Scripture and the Lutheran Confessions, Lutheranism - Central doctrines, Lutheranism - Lutheran religious practices, Lutheranism - Lutheran ecumenism, Lutheranism - Lutheranism in North America, Lutheranism - Denominational organization, Lutheranism - Inter-denomination relations, Lutheranism - Lutheran publishers, Lutheranism - Modern Lutheranism in Europe, Lutheranism - Lutherans in Australia, Lutheranism - International bodies Read more here: » Lutheranism: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Lutheran doctrine |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Modern Lutheranism in Europe Lutheranism is the state religion in most of the Nordic countries: Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland. In these countries, the churches are supported directly by taxes. The church tax, an income tax of about 1–2%, is collected only from the members of the church, but the church also gets its share from other taxes such as the municipal corporation tax. Priests are educated at the Faculties of Theology of the state universities. With the extension of the European Union, the status of state churches is largely revised; they remain a State ...
See also:Lutheranism, Lutheranism - History of Lutheranism, Lutheranism - Early history, Lutheranism - Religious war, Lutheranism - Results of the Lutheran Reformation, Lutheranism - Lutheran doctrine, Lutheranism - The Holy Scripture and the Lutheran Confessions, Lutheranism - Central doctrines, Lutheranism - Lutheran religious practices, Lutheranism - Lutheran ecumenism, Lutheranism - Lutheranism in North America, Lutheranism - Denominational organization, Lutheranism - Inter-denomination relations, Lutheranism - Lutheran publishers, Lutheranism - Modern Lutheranism in Europe, Lutheranism - Lutherans in Australia, Lutheranism - International bodies Read more here: » Lutheranism: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Modern Lutheranism in Europe |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Lutherans in Australia At present (2005) around 9% of the Australian population call themselves Lutherans. Most Lutherans in Australia are members of congregations that form the synod Lutheran Church of Australia (LCA). At present the Lutheran Church of Australia has elected only to be an associate member of the two large world wide Lutheran fellowships, LWF and ILC.
A more conservative group of Australian Lutherans exists as the Evangel ...
See also:Lutheranism, Lutheranism - History of Lutheranism, Lutheranism - Early history, Lutheranism - Religious war, Lutheranism - Results of the Lutheran Reformation, Lutheranism - Lutheran doctrine, Lutheranism - The Holy Scripture and the Lutheran Confessions, Lutheranism - Central doctrines, Lutheranism - Lutheran religious practices, Lutheranism - Lutheran ecumenism, Lutheranism - Lutheranism in North America, Lutheranism - Denominational organization, Lutheranism - Inter-denomination relations, Lutheranism - Lutheran publishers, Lutheranism - Modern Lutheranism in Europe, Lutheranism - Lutherans in Australia, Lutheranism - International bodies Read more here: » Lutheranism: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Lutherans in Australia |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Lutheranism in North America In the U.S., congregations are grouped into over 20 different denominations. The three largest Lutheran bodies in the United States are, in order of size: the more liberal Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), the more conservative Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod (LCMS), and the most conservative of the three, the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS). These denominations provide seminaries, pastoral care, and Sunday School and liturgical materials. Local congregations contribute funds to support them and receive services and materials. Denomin ...
See also:Lutheranism, Lutheranism - History of Lutheranism, Lutheranism - Early history, Lutheranism - Religious war, Lutheranism - Results of the Lutheran Reformation, Lutheranism - Lutheran doctrine, Lutheranism - The Holy Scripture and the Lutheran Confessions, Lutheranism - Central doctrines, Lutheranism - Lutheran religious practices, Lutheranism - Lutheran ecumenism, Lutheranism - Lutheranism in North America, Lutheranism - Denominational organization, Lutheranism - Inter-denomination relations, Lutheranism - Lutheran publishers, Lutheranism - Modern Lutheranism in Europe, Lutheranism - Lutherans in Australia, Lutheranism - International bodies Read more here: » Lutheranism: Encyclopedia II - Lutheranism - Lutheranism in North America |
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| | | | | 1531: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - Biography Born in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence in the south of France in December 1503, Michel de Nostredame was the son of a grain dealer who was also a prosperous home-grown notary. His family was originally Jewish, but had converted to Catholicism during the previous century along with thousands of others, due to increasing official French persecution of Jews, many of whom were the descendants of former refugees from Spain, where they were known as the Marranos. The names of Nostredame's known forebears seem to reflect this. While practice of the ...
See also:Nostradamus, Nostradamus - Biography, Nostradamus - Preparation and methods of prophecy, Nostradamus - His works, Nostradamus - Skepticism, Nostradamus - Misquotes and hoaxes, Nostradamus - Nostradamus in popular culture, Nostradamus - Television, Nostradamus - Film, Nostradamus - Music, Nostradamus - Comics, Nostradamus - Sources Read more here: » Nostradamus: Encyclopedia II - Nostradamus - Biography |
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