150 BC - Deaths

Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC - 150s BC - 140s BC 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC Years: 155 BC 154 BC 153 BC 152 BC 151 BC - 150 BC - 149 BC 148 BC 147 BC 146 BC 145 BC 150 BC - Events. Alexander Balas becomes ruler of the Seleucid Empire. Hipparchus determines the distance to the Moon, and builds the first astrolabe (approximate dates). Start of Third Punic War, caused ...

Including:

• 150 BC - Events
• 150 BC - Births
• 150 BC - Deaths

Read more here: » 150 BC: Encyclopedia - 150 BC

Starting about 113 BC, Emperor Wu appeared to begin to display further signs of abusing his power. He began to incessantly tour the commanderies, initially nearby Chang'an, but later extending to much farther places, worshipping the various gods on the way, perhaps again in the search of immortality. He also had a succession of magicians whom he honored with great things, even, in one case, making one a marquess and marrying a daughter to him. (That magician, after he was exposed to be a fraud, however, was executed.) Emperor Wu's expenditur ...

See also:

Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Wu of Han - Background birth and years as crown prince, Emperor Wu of Han - Early reign: the young years, Emperor Wu of Han - Maturity in reign and territorial expansion, Emperor Wu of Han - Further territorial expansion old age and paranoia, Emperor Wu of Han - The Crown Prince Ju revolt, Emperor Wu of Han - Late reign and death, Emperor Wu of Han - Legacy, Emperor Wu of Han - Bisexuality?, Emperor Wu of Han - Personal information, Emperor Wu of Han - Era names, Emperor Wu of Han - Notes

Read more here: » Emperor Wu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Emperor Wu of Han - Further territorial expansion old age and paranoia

The term galley can refer to any ship propelled primarily by man-power, using oars. Most galleys also use masts and sails as a secondary means of propulsion. Various types of galleys dominated naval warfare in the Mediterranean from the time of Homer to the development of effective naval gunnery around the 15th and 16th centuries. Galleys fought in the wars of ancient Persia, Greece, Carthage and Rome until the 4th century. After the fall of the Roman Empire, galleys saw continued, if somewhat reduced, use by the Byzantine Empi ...

Including:

• Galley - Ancient galleys
• Galley - The first galleys
• Galley - Penteconters
• Galley - Triremes
• Galley - Quinqueremes and polyremes
• Galley - Later galleys
• Galley - Medieval galleys in northern Europe
• Galley - The Renaissance
• Galley - The last galleys
• Galley - Other links
• Galley - Other meanings

Read more here: » Galley: Encyclopedia - Galley

Why did the ancient Mayan or pre-Maya choose December 21st, 2012 A.D., as the end of their Long Count calendar? This article will cover some recent research. Scholars have known for decades that the 13-baktun cycle of the Mayan "Long Count" system of timekeeping was set to end precisely on a winter solstice, and that this system was put in place some 2300 years ago. This amazing fact - that ancient Mesoameri- can skywatchers were able to pinpoint a winter solstice far off into the future - has not been dealt with by Mayanists. And why did they choose the year 2012? One immediately gets the impression that there is a very strange mystery to be confronted here. I will be building upon a clue to this mystery reported by epigrapher Linda Schele in Maya Cosmos (1994). This article is the natural culmination of the research relating to the Mayan Long Count and the precession of the equinoxes that I explored in my recent book Tzolkin: Visionary Perspectives and Calendar Studies (Borderlands Science and Research Foundation, 1994).

Read more here: » 2012: The how and why of the Mayan end date in 2012 AD

In India we find the oldest continually operating pilgrimage tradition in the entire world. The practice of pilgrimage in India is so deeply embedded in the cultural psyche and the number of pilgrimage sites is so large that the entire subcontinent may actually be regarded as one grand and continuous sacred space. Martin Gray spent the last 20 years visiting more than thousand sacred sites around the world and he guides us to some of the sacred sites of India.

Read more here: » Sacred Places: Sacred Sites, places and temples in India

Algebra is a branch of mathematics which studies structure and quantity. It may be roughly characterized as a generalization and abstraction of arithmetic, in which operations are performed on symbols rather than numbers. It includes elementary algebra, taught to high school students, as well as abstract algebra which covers such structures as groups, rings and fields. Along with geometry and analysis, it is one of the three main branches of mathematics. Algebra - History. The origins of algebra can be trac ...

Including:

• Algebra - History
• Algebra - Classification
• Algebra - Algebras

Read more here: » Algebra: Encyclopedia - Algebra

In the second half of the 7th century BC, the Medes gained their independence and were united by a dynasty. The kings who established the Mede Empire are generally recognized to be Phraortes and his son Cyaxares. They were probably chieftains of a nomadic Mede tribe in the desert and on the south shore of the Caspian, the Manda, mentioned by Sargon, and they likely founded the capital at Ecbatana. The later Babylonian king Nabonidus also designated the Mede ...

See also:

Medes, Medes - The six Mede tribes in Herodotus, Medes - Early historical references to Medes, Medes - The Mede Empire, Medes - Persian Dominance and Assimilation, Medes - Post Achaemenid Media, Medes - Median language, Medes - External link

Read more here: » Medes: Encyclopedia II - Medes - The Mede Empire

Bodhidharma (Sanskrit: बोधिधर्म Chinese 菩提達摩, pinyin Pútídámó or simply Dámó; Wade-Giles Tamo; Japanese ダルマ, Daruma, Vietnamese: Bồ-đề-đạt-ma, Korean: 보리달마, bo-ri-dal-ma), also known as the Tripitaka Dharma Master, was a semi-legendary Buddhist monk. Bodhidharma is traditionally held in Shaolin mythology to be the founder of the Chan school of Buddhism (known in Japan and the West as Zen), and the Shaolin school of Chinese martial arts ...

Including:

• Bodhidharma - Biography
• Bodhidharma - Biographical details from the Record of the Buddhist Monasteries of Luoyang 547 by Yang Xuanzhi
• Bodhidharma - Biographical details from the Biography of Bodhidharma by Tanlin
• Bodhidharma - Biographical details from the Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks 645 by Daoxuan
• Bodhidharma - Biographical details from the Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall 952
• Bodhidharma - Spiritual approach
• Bodhidharma - Portrayals of Bodhidharma
• Bodhidharma - Legends
• Bodhidharma - Encounter with Emperor Liang
• Bodhidharma - Nine years of gazing at a wall
• Bodhidharma - Bringing tea to China
• Bodhidharma - Daruma dolls
• Bodhidharma - Bodhidharma and Huike
• Bodhidharma - The lineage of Bodhidharma and his disciples
• Bodhidharma - Works attributed to Bodhidharma

Read more here: » Bodhidharma: Encyclopedia - Bodhidharma

Orissa (2001 provisional pop. 36,706,920), 60,162 sq mi (155,820 sq km) is a state situated in the east coast of India. Orissa is bounded on the north by Jharkhand, on the north-east by West Bengal, on the east by the Bay of Bengal, on the south by Andhra Pradesh and on the west by Chhattisgarh. The relatively unindented coastline (c.200 mi/320 km long) lacks good ports save for the deepwater facility at Paradip. The narrow, level coastal strip, including the Mahanadi River delta, is exceedingly fertile. Rainfall is heav ...

Including:

• Orissa - Geography
• Orissa - History and culture
• Orissa - Interesting facts about the state
• Orissa - Demographics
• Orissa - Religion temples and festivals
• Orissa - Politics
• Orissa - Economy
• Orissa - Education
• Orissa - Research Institutes
• Orissa - Universities
• Orissa - Management Colleges
• Orissa - General Colleges
• Orissa - Engineering Colleges
• Orissa - Medical Colleges
• Orissa - Rehabilitative Education
• Orissa - Ayurvedic Colleges
• Orissa - Homoeopathic Colleges
• Orissa - Oriya People
• Orissa - Transportation
• Orissa - Airports
• Orissa - Seaports
• Orissa - Districts

Read more here: » Orissa: Encyclopedia - Orissa

The Hymns of Dirghatamas in the Rig Veda

Some scholars have claimed that the Babylonians invented the zodiac of 360 degrees around 700 BCE, perhaps even earlier. Many claim that India received the knowledge of the zodiac from Babylonia or even later from Greece. However, as old as the Rig Veda, the oldest Vedic text, there are clear references to a chakra or wheel of 360 spokes placed in the sky. The number 360 and its related numbers like 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 108, 432 and 720 occur commonly in Vedic symbolism. It is in the hymns of the great Rishi Dirghatamas (RV I.140 - 164) that we have the clearest such references.

Read more here: » Vedic Origins of the Zodiac: The Hymns of Dirghatamas in the Rig Veda

Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1264-1294 Dade (大德 Dàdé) 1297-1307 Yanyou (延祐 Yányòu) 1314-1320 Zhihe (致和 Zhìhé) 1328 Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1330-1332 Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333-1335 Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1335-1340 Zhizheng (至正 Zhìzhèng) 1341-1368 Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1368-1370 Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333-1335 Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1335-1340 Zhizheng (至正 Zhìzh ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty

Zoroaster, Zarathustra, Zarathushtra (Avestan) Zaradusht, Zartosht (Persian) [from Avestan zarat yellow or old cf Sanskrit jarat old + ushtra he who bears light, the intellect in the act of cognition from the verbal root ujsh light]

He who bears the ancient light; the great teacher and lawgiver of ancient Persia in the Avesta, founder of the Mazdean religion, preserved by the modern Parsis.

"Founder of the religion variously called Mazdaism, Magism, Parseeism, Fire-Worship, and Zoroastrianism. The age of the last Zoroaster (for it is a generic name) is not known, and perhaps for that very reason. Zanthus of Lydia, the earliest Greek writer who mentions this great lawgiver and religious reformer, places him about six hundred years before the Trojan War. But where is the historian who can now tell when the latter took place? Aristotle and also Eudoxus assign him a date of no less than 6,000 years before the days of Plato, and Aristotle was not one to make a statement without a good reason for it. Berosus makes him a king of Babylon some 2,200 years B.C.; but then, how can one tell what were the original figures of Berosus, before his MSS. passed through the hands of Eusebius, whose fingers were so deft at altering figures, whether in Egyptian synchronistic tables or in Chaldean chronology? Haug refers Zoroaster to at least 1,000 years B.C.; and Bunsen . . . finds that Zarathustra Spitama lived under the King Vistaspa about 3,000 years B.C., and describes him as 'one of the mightiest intellects and one of the greatest men of all time. . . . the Occult records claim to have the correct dates of each of the thirteen Zoroasters mentioned in the Dabistan. Their doctrines, and especially those of the last (divine) Zoroaster, spread from Bactria to the Medes; thence, under the name of Magism, incorporated by the Adept-Astronomers in Chaldea, they greatly influenced the mystic teachings of the Mosaic doctrines, even before, perhaps, they had culminated into what is now known as the modern religion of the Parsis. Like Manu and Vyasa in India, Zarathustra is a generic name for great reformers and law-givers. The hierarchy began with the divine Zarathustra in the Vendidad, and ended with the great, but mortal man, bearing that title, and now lost to history. . . . the last Zoroaster was the founder of the Fire-temple of Azareksh, many ages before the historical era. Had not Alexander destroyed so many sacred and precious works of the Mazdeans, truth and philosophy would have been more inclined to agree with history, in bestowing upon that Greek Vandal the title of 'the Great' " (TG 384-5).

Zoroaster, the son of Pourushaspa, is said to be the same as Br Abrahm (Abraham) who brought down the holy fire which had no smoke and could not injure because it had no burnable substance. He divided this fire into ten parts and placed each in a different location.

Also, the first created, the abstract light, active mind.

(See also: Zoroaster , Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body mind and Soul)

B.C.E - Before Common Era, non-christian version of B.C.

(See also: B.C.E , Pagan, Wicca Pagan Dictionary)

Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, "Land of the Tamils") is a state at the southern tip of India. The bordering states/territories are Pondicherry, Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The island nation of Sri Lanka, which has a significant Tamil minority, lies off the southeast coast. Tamil Nadu is the second most industrialized state in India. Unlike most other parts of the country, Tamil Nadu gets its rainfall largely from the "North-East monsoon" in the months of October-December. There is a long standing dispute wi ...

Including:

• Tamil Nadu - History
• Tamil Nadu - 1st to 9th centuries
• Tamil Nadu - 9th to 13th centuries
• Tamil Nadu - 14th century
• Tamil Nadu - 17th century
• Tamil Nadu - 20th century
• Tamil Nadu - Politics
• Tamil Nadu - Population
• Tamil Nadu - Culture
• Tamil Nadu - Economy
• Tamil Nadu - Textiles
• Tamil Nadu - Industry & Manufacturing
• Tamil Nadu - Agriculture
• Tamil Nadu - Biotechnology
• Tamil Nadu - Software
• Tamil Nadu - E-Governance
• Tamil Nadu - Social development
• Tamil Nadu - Districts
• Tamil Nadu - Tourism
• Tamil Nadu - Famous Tamilians of Modern era

Read more here: » Tamil Nadu: Encyclopedia - Tamil Nadu

Portugal has been inhabited for at least 500,000 years, first by Neanderthals and then by homo sapiens. In the early first millennium BCE, several waves of Celts invaded Portugal from central Europe and intermarried with the local Iberian people, forming the Celtiberian ethnic group, with many tribes, such as the Lusitanians, the Calaicians or Gallaeci and the Conii (amongst others less significant tribes such as the Bracari, Celtici, Coelerni, Equaesi, Grovii, Interamici, Leuni, Luanqui, Limici, Narbasi, Nemetati, Paesuri, Quaquerni, Seurbi, Tamagani, Tapoli, Turduli, Tur ...

See also:

History of Portugal, History of Portugal - Portugal, History of Portugal - Early history, History of Portugal - Roman Lusitania, History of Portugal - Germanic kingdoms, History of Portugal - Moorish rule and the Reconquista, History of Portugal - Affirmation of Portugal, History of Portugal - Discoveries Odyssey: Glory of the Empire, History of Portugal - Decline of the Empire, History of Portugal - Pombaline Era, History of Portugal - Crises of the Nineteenth Century, History of Portugal - The First Republic, History of Portugal - New State Estado Novo, History of Portugal - The Third Republic, History of Portugal - Timeline

Read more here: » History of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - History of Portugal - Early history

Although often referred to as "tidal waves", a tsunami does not look like the popular impression of "a normal wave only much bigger". Instead it looks rather like an endlessly onrushing tide which forces its way around and through any obstacle. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area. The sheer weight of water is enough to pulverise objects in its path, often reducing buildings to their foundations and scouring exposed ground to the bedrock. Large objects such as ships and boulders can be carried severa ...

See also:

Tsunami, Tsunami - Causes, Tsunami - Characteristics, Tsunami - Signs of an approaching tsunami, Tsunami - Warnings and prevention, Tsunami - Past tsunamis, Tsunami - 6100 B.C. and before, Tsunami - 1650 B.C. - Santorini, Tsunami - 1607 - Bristol Channel England and Wales, Tsunami - 1700 - Vancouver Island Canada, Tsunami - 1755 - Lisbon Portugal, Tsunami - 1883 - Krakatoa explosive eruption, Tsunami - 1929 - Newfoundland tsunami, Tsunami - 1946 - Pacific tsunami, Tsunami - 1960 - Chilean tsunami, Tsunami - 1963 - Vajont Dam disaster, Tsunami - 1964 - Good Friday tsunami, Tsunami - 1979 - Tumaco tsunami, Tsunami - 1993 – Okushiri tsunami, Tsunami - 2004 - Indian Ocean tsunami, Tsunami - Other tsunamis in South Asia, Tsunami - Other historical tsunamis, Tsunami - North American and Caribbean tsunamis, Tsunami - European tsunamis

Read more here: » Tsunami: Encyclopedia II - Tsunami - Characteristics

Records exist of sati across most of the subcontinent. However, there seem to have been major differences historically, in different regions, and among different communities. Sati practice - Numbers. There are no reliable figures for the numbers who died by sati across the country. A local indication of the numbers is given in the records kept by the Bengal Presidency of the British East India Company. The total figure of known occurrences for the period 1813 to 1828 is 8,135See also:

Sati practice, Sati practice - Origin, Sati practice - The practice, Sati practice - Compulsion, Sati practice - Royal funerals, Sati practice - Symbolic sati, Sati practice - Jauhar, Sati practice - Burials, Sati practice - Prevalence, Sati practice - Numbers, Sati practice - Communities, Sati practice - Regional variations, Sati practice - Recent incidence, Sati practice - Justifications and criticisms, Sati practice - Law books, Sati practice - Scriptures, Sati practice - Counter-arguments within Hinduism, Sati practice - Non-Hindu views and criticisms, Sati practice - Suppression, Sati practice - Mughal period, Sati practice - British and other European territories, Sati practice - Modern times, Sati practice - Influences on art and culture, Sati practice - Notes

Read more here: » Sati practice: Encyclopedia II - Sati practice - Prevalence

Kerala's artistic traditions include such classical forms as Koodiyattom (a UNESCO-designated Human Heritage Art), Kathakali, Kerala Natanam, Koothu, Mohiniyaattam, Thullal, Padayani and Theyyam, Kerala has several folk art forms performed by people in various regions of the state. The region also has a tradition of Christian and Muslim performing arts. Most of these art forms have become artifacts of the past showcased in tourism fares or youth festivals, as contemporary art forms weave their own identity according to changing needs. Mimicr ...

See also:

Kerala, Kerala - History, Kerala - Ancient, Kerala - Overseas contact, Kerala - Colonial, Kerala - Modern post-colonial, Kerala - Geography, Kerala - Administration, Kerala - Politics, Kerala - Arts, Kerala - Society and social development, Kerala - Demographics, Kerala - Social development, Kerala - Malayalam calendar, Kerala - Economy, Kerala - Tourism, Kerala - Road network, Kerala - Trivia, Kerala - Related topics, Kerala - Notes

Read more here: » Kerala: Encyclopedia II - Kerala - Arts

The origin of the Vedic civilization and its relation to the Indus Valley civilization and related cultures and an Indo-Aryan migration and the Gandhara Grave culture remains controversial and politically charged in Indian society; see the Aryan Invasion Theory for details. The Rigveda is primarily a collection of religious hymns, and allusions to, but not explanation of, various myths and stories, mainly in the younger books 1 and 10. The oldest hymns, probably in books 2–7, although some people hold book 9, the Soma Mandala, to be even m ...

See also:

Vedic civilization, Vedic civilization - Overview, Vedic civilization - Rigvedic period, Vedic civilization - Political organization, Vedic civilization - Society and economy, Vedic civilization - Vedic Religion, Vedic civilization - The later Vedic period, Vedic civilization - Kingdoms, Vedic civilization - Society

Read more here: » Vedic civilization: Encyclopedia II - Vedic civilization - Rigvedic period

In August 2005, a team of Polish archeologists led by Jerzy Gąssowski, head of an archaeology and anthropology institute in Pułtusk, in central Poland, discovered what they believe to be Copernicus' grave and remains, after scanning beneath the floor of Frombork Cathedral, on Poland's Baltic coast. The find came after a year of searching, and the discovery was announce ...

See also:

Nicolaus Copernicus, Nicolaus Copernicus - Biography, Nicolaus Copernicus - The Copernican heliocentric system, Nicolaus Copernicus - Earlier theories, Nicolaus Copernicus - The Ptolemaic system, Nicolaus Copernicus - Copernican theory, Nicolaus Copernicus - De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, Nicolaus Copernicus - Copernicus and Copernicanism, Nicolaus Copernicus - Quotes, Nicolaus Copernicus - Grave

Read more here: » Nicolaus Copernicus: Encyclopedia II - Nicolaus Copernicus - Grave