1506 - Events. January 21 - Pope Julius II founds the Swiss Guard Second outbreak of the sweating sickness in England Leonardo da Vinci completes the Mona Lisa. Hernán Cortés, conquistador, arrives in the New World at Santo Domingo in Hispaniola, age 22. The statue Laocoön and his Sons is discovered in Rome. 1506 - Births. February 2 - René de Birague, French cardinal and chancellor (d. 1583) < ...

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• 1506 - Events
• 1506 - Births
• 1506 - Deaths

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De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (English: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, Polish: O obrotach sfer niebieskich) is the seminal work on heliocentric theory and the masterpiece of the great Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus. The book set out to offer an alternative model of the universe to the Ptolemaic system. Copernicus began to write it in 1506 and finishe ...

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• De revolutionibus orbium coelestium - Bibliography

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1526 in science 1526 - Events. January 14 - Treaty of Madrid. Peace between Francis I of France and Charles V. Francis agrees to cede Burgundy to Charles, and abandons all claims to Flanders, Artois, Naples, and Milan. May 22 - Francis repudiates the Treaty of Madrid and forms the League of Cognac against Charles, including the Pope, Milan, Venice, and Florence. July 24 - Milan is captured by the Spanish. August 29 - Battle of Mohács. The Turkish army of Sultan Suleiman I ...

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• 1526 - Events
• 1526 - Births
• 1526 - Deaths

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The next thirty years or so were spent in various wars and expeditions. Timur not only consolidated his rule at home by the subjugation of his foes, but sought extension of territory by encroachments upon the lands of foreign potentates. His conquests to the west and north-west led him among the Mongols of the Caspian Sea and to the banks of the Ural and the Volga; those to the south and south-West encompassed almost every province in Pers ...

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Timur, Timur - Early life, Timur - Military Leader, Timur - Rise to Power, Timur - Period of Expansion, Timur - India, Timur - Last Campaigns and Death, Timur - Contributions to the Arts, Timur - Exhumation, Timur - Fiction

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1008-1013 Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah issues severe restrictions against Jews in the Land of Israel. All Jews are forced to wear a "golden calf" (made of wood) around their necks. On Oct. 18 1009 he destroys the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, but the French "historian" Raoul Glaber blames the Jews. As a result, Jews were expelled from Limoges and other French towns. 1012 One of the first known persecutions of Jews in Germany: Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor expels Jews from Mainz. 1032 Abul Kamal Tumin conquers Fez, Morocco and decimates the Jewish community, killing 6,000 Jews. 1050 Council of ...

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History of anti-Semitism, History of anti-Semitism - Ancient animosity towards Jews, History of anti-Semitism - The 4th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 5th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 6th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 7th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 8th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 9th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 10th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 11th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 12th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 14th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 15th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 16th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 17th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 18th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 19th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 20th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 21st century, History of anti-Semitism - Books

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Centuries: 17th century BC - 16th century BC - 15th century BC Decades: 1550s BC 1540s BC 1530s BC 1520s BC 1510s BC - 1500s BC - 1490s BC 1480s BC 1470s BC 1460s BC 1450s BC 1500s BC - Events and trends. Stonehenge built in Wiltshire, England. The element Mercury has been discovered in Egyptian tombs dating from this decade. Settlers from Crete, Greece move to Miletus, Turkey. Early traces of Maya civilization developing in Belize. The Phoenic ...

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• 1500s BC - Events and trends
• 1500s BC - Significant people

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807 Abbassid Caliph Harun al-Rashid orders all Jews in the Calipate to wear a yellow belt, with Christians to wear a blue one. 820 After Charlemagne's death in 814, his tolerant policies are terminated. Archbishop of Lyon St. Agobard declares in his essays that Jews are accursed and born to be slaves. He forcibly converts Jewish children, giving them or their parents no choice, for the first time in France. In 826 he issues a series of pamphlets to convince King Louis the Pious to attack "Jewish insolence". 898-929 French king Charles the Simple confiscates Jew ...

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History of anti-Semitism, History of anti-Semitism - Ancient animosity towards Jews, History of anti-Semitism - The 4th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 5th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 6th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 7th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 8th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 9th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 10th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 11th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 12th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 14th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 15th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 16th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 17th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 18th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 19th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 20th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 21st century, History of anti-Semitism - Books

Read more here: » History of anti-Semitism: Encyclopedia II - History of anti-Semitism - The 9th century

Bavaria has a unicameral Landtag, or state parliament, elected by universal suffrage. Until December 1999, there was also a Senat, or Senate, whose members were chosen by social and economic groups in Bavaria, but following a referendum in 1998, this institution was abolished. The head of government is the Minister-president. Bavaria has long been a bastion of conservative politics in Germany, with the Christian Social Union having almost a stranglehold on power since its inception in 1946. Every Minister-president since 1 ...

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Bavaria, Bavaria - Culture, Bavaria - Geography, Bavaria - Politics, Bavaria - Administrative Divisions, Bavaria - Regierungsbezirke administrative regions, Bavaria - Landkreise/kreisfreie Städte administrative districs/independent cities, Bavaria - Gemeinden municipalities, Bavaria - Dialects, Bavaria - History, Bavaria - Miscellaneous, Bavaria - The meaning of the coat of arms, Bavaria - Bavarian citizenship, Bavaria - German-Bavarian relations, Bavaria - Population and area, Bavaria - Bavarian Culture Overseas

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The Swiss Confederation consists of 26 cantons: Aargau Appenzell Innerrhoden* Appenzell Ausserrhoden* Basel-Stadt* Basel-Landschaft* Bern Fribourg Geneva Glarus Graubünden Jura Lucerne Neuchâtel Nidwalden* Obwalden* Schaffhausen Schwyz Solothurn St. Gallen Thurgau Ticino Uri Valais Vaud Zug Züric ...

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Switzerland, Switzerland - History, Switzerland - Politics, Switzerland - Direct democracy, Switzerland - Energy politics, Switzerland - Cantons states, Switzerland - Geography, Switzerland - Economy, Switzerland - Demographics, Switzerland - Religion, Switzerland - Culture, Switzerland - Notes

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Despite a frequent confusion due to the similar names, the church of San Pietro in Vincoli (famous for hosting the precious Michelangelo's "Moses") is a different church, situated on the other side of the Tiber river. The Guinness Book of Records currently lists Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro - which was largely inspired by St. Peter's Basilica - as the largest church, surpassing St. Peter's when it was completed in 1989. The validity of this, however, continues to be debated. However, you can fit the St ...

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St. Peter's Basilica, St. Peter's Basilica - History, St. Peter's Basilica - Details, St. Peter's Basilica - St. Peter's Square, St. Peter's Basilica - The dome, St. Peter's Basilica - Entrances, St. Peter's Basilica - Interior, St. Peter's Basilica - Miscellaneous, St. Peter's Basilica - Notes and references

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Munich's current mayor is Christian Ude of the SPD (Social-democratic Party of Germany). Munich has a nearly unbroken history of SPD governments since World War II. This is extraordinary because the rest of Bavaria is a conservative stronghold, with the CSU (Christian Social Union) winning absolute majorities among the Bavarian electorate in nearly all elections at the communal, state, and federal levels. See ...

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Munich, Munich - History, Munich - Main Sights and Culture, Munich - Other, Munich - Around Munich, Munich - Economy, Munich - Lifestyle, Munich - Politics, Munich - Transportation, Munich - Sports clubs, Munich - Colleges and universities, Munich - Twin cities

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Portugal has been inhabited for at least 500,000 years, first by Neanderthals and then by homo sapiens. In the early first millennium BCE, several waves of Celts invaded Portugal from central Europe and intermarried with the local Iberian people, forming the Celtiberian ethnic group, with many tribes, such as the Lusitanians, the Calaicians or Gallaeci and the Conii (amongst others less significant tribes such as the Bracari, Celtici, Coelerni, Equaesi, Grovii, Interamici, Leuni, Luanqui, Limici, Narbasi, Nemetati, Paesuri, Quaquerni, Seurbi, Tamagani, Tapoli, Turduli, Tur ...

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History of Portugal, History of Portugal - Portugal, History of Portugal - Early history, History of Portugal - Roman Lusitania, History of Portugal - Germanic kingdoms, History of Portugal - Moorish rule and the Reconquista, History of Portugal - Affirmation of Portugal, History of Portugal - Discoveries Odyssey: Glory of the Empire, History of Portugal - Decline of the Empire, History of Portugal - Pombaline Era, History of Portugal - Crises of the Nineteenth Century, History of Portugal - The First Republic, History of Portugal - New State Estado Novo, History of Portugal - The Third Republic, History of Portugal - Timeline

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From 1580 to 1640, the throne of Portugal was held by the Habsburg kings of Spain resulting in the biggest colonial empire until then (see Iberian Union). In 1583 Philip II of Spain as king of Portugal sent his combined Iberian fleet to clear the French traders from the Azores, decisively hanging his prisoners-of-war from the yardarms and contributing to the "Black Legend". The Azores were the last part of Portugal to resist Philip's reign over Portugal. In the Americas, the Portuguese expansion continue beyond the west side by the To ...

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Portuguese Empire, Portuguese Empire - The beginnings of the empire 1415-1580, Portuguese Empire - The Habsburg kings 1580-1640, Portuguese Empire - The Empire of Brazil 1640-1822, Portuguese Empire - The African Empire 1822-1945, Portuguese Empire - Decline and Fall 1945-1999, Portuguese Empire - Territories of the Portuguese empire, Portuguese Empire - in Africa, Portuguese Empire - in the Americas & North Atlantic, Portuguese Empire - in Asia

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At this point Pursuivant suggested a less violent test for Edmund himself. The procedure for it sounded simpler. "I place before the suspect a dagger and crucifix. The suspect is blindfolded, and if he picks up the dagger from the table, he is Satan's bedfellow." Finding the described test interesting, Harry advised his younger brother to go through with it in order to take himself out of the running. Edmund was still hesitant but finally agreed, having noted the locations of both artifacts on the table. Pursuivant however provided a ...

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Prince Edmund Blackadder, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Battle of Bosworth Field, Prince Edmund Blackadder - The Black Adder, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Service under a regent, Prince Edmund Blackadder - First encounter with Dougal McAngus, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Claiming the throne, Prince Edmund Blackadder - The murder of an Archbishop, Prince Edmund Blackadder - A shrewd prince, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Archbishop of Canterbury, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Assassination attempt, Prince Edmund Blackadder - The next few years, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Engagement, Prince Edmund Blackadder - First attempt at marriage, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Marriage, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Black plague, Prince Edmund Blackadder - A witch-hunt begins, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Introduction to the Witchsmeller, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Accused of being a witch, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Beginning of a witch trial, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Incarceration, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Conclusion of the witch trial, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Awaiting execution, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Failed execution, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Disgruntled Prince, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Recruiting conspirators, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Conspiracy plans, Prince Edmund Blackadder - The Hawk, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Treachery, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Poisoned, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Further comments, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Legacy, Prince Edmund Blackadder - Titles and honours

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Over the centuries, Bologna has acquired many nicknames: "Bologna the learned" ("Bologna la dotta") is a reference to its famous university; "Bologna the fat" ("Bologna la grassa") refers to its cuisine. Bologna is also called "Bologna the red" (Bologna la rossa) not only for its political leanings but also due to its abundance of red brick and marble buildings. Until the late nineteenth century, when a large-scale urban reconstruction project was undertaken, Bologna remained one of the best preserved Medieval cit ...

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Bologna, Bologna - History, Bologna - Overview, Bologna - Transport, Bologna - Demographics, Bologna - Cuisine, Bologna - The University, Bologna - Famous residents

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Republican institutions replaced royal ones in Bavaria during the upheavals of November 1918. Provisional National Council Minister-President Kurt Eisner declared Bavaria to be a free state on November 7, 1918. Munich became a hotbed of extremism: a Bavarian Soviet Republic, the Münchner Räterepublik, had a short-lived existence, but inspired fearful reactions: the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch involving Erich Ludendorff and Adolf Hitler took place in the same city. For most of the Weimar Republic, though, Bavaria was dominated by the relat ...

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History of Bavaria, History of Bavaria - Early settlements and Roman Raetia, History of Bavaria - Migrations and early Medieval Period, History of Bavaria - Bavaria and the Agilolfings under Frankish Overlordship, History of Bavaria - Christianity, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Carolingian Period, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Ottonian and Salian Periods, History of Bavaria - The Welfs, History of Bavaria - Geographic Fluctuations, History of Bavaria - The Wittelsbach Dynasty, History of Bavaria - Partitions, History of Bavaria - The Reunited Duchy, History of Bavaria - The Electorate, History of Bavaria - Revolutionary and Napoleonic, History of Bavaria - The Kingdom, History of Bavaria - German Empire, History of Bavaria - Modern Times, History of Bavaria - Bibliography, History of Bavaria - Notes

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In the second half of the 7th century BC, the Medes gained their independence and were united by a dynasty. The kings who established the Mede Empire are generally recognized to be Phraortes and his son Cyaxares. They were probably chieftains of a nomadic Mede tribe in the desert and on the south shore of the Caspian, the Manda, mentioned by Sargon, and they likely founded the capital at Ecbatana. The later Babylonian king Nabonidus also designated the Mede ...

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Medes, Medes - The six Mede tribes in Herodotus, Medes - Early historical references to Medes, Medes - The Mede Empire, Medes - Persian Dominance and Assimilation, Medes - Post Achaemenid Media, Medes - Median language, Medes - External link

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Columbus first presented his plan to the court of Portugal in 1485. The king's experts believed that the route would be longer than Columbus thought (the actual distance is even longer than the Portuguese believed), and denied Columbus's request. It is probable that he made the same outrageous demands for himself in Portugal that he later made in Spain, where he went next. He tried to get backing from the monarchs of Aragon and Castile, Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, who, by marrying, ...

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Christopher Columbus, Christopher Columbus - Background, Christopher Columbus - Early life, Christopher Columbus - Columbus' idea, Christopher Columbus - Columbus' campaign for funding, Christopher Columbus - Voyages, Christopher Columbus - First voyage, Christopher Columbus - Second voyage, Christopher Columbus - Third voyage and arrest, Christopher Columbus - Fourth and final voyage, Christopher Columbus - Later life, Christopher Columbus - Columbus' national origin, Christopher Columbus - Columbus' language, Christopher Columbus - Perceptions of Columbus, Christopher Columbus - Columbus as hero, Christopher Columbus - Columbus as villain, Christopher Columbus - Physical appearance

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