The History of India can be traced in fragments as far back as 700,000 years ago. The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world, dates back at least 5,000 years. According to the Indo-Aryan migration hypothesis, the so-called Aryans from the north-west of the Indian subcontinent migrated between 2000 BCE and 1500 BCE, possibly from Central Asia or the Middle East; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants apparently resulted in classical Indian culture. Arab incursions starting in the 8th century and Turkish ...

Including:

• History of India - The Paleolithic era
• History of India - The Neolithic era
• History of India - The Bronze age
• History of India - Vedic civilization
• History of India - The Mahajanapadas
• History of India - The Magadha empire
• History of India - Shishunaga dynasty
• History of India - Nanda dynasty
• History of India - Maurya dynasty
• History of India - Shunga dynasty
• History of India - Early Middle Kingdoms - the golden age
• History of India - Satavahana empire
• History of India - Kushan empire
• History of India - Gupta dynasty
• History of India - Late Middle Kingdoms - the classical age
• History of India - Harsha's empire
• History of India - The Chalukyas and Pallavas
• History of India - Chola empire
• History of India - The Pratiharas, Palas and Rashtrakutas
• History of India - The Rajputs
• History of India - The Islamic Sultanates
• History of India - Vijayanagar empire
• History of India - The Mughal era
• History of India - The Maratha confederacy
• History of India - The Kingdom of Mysore
• History of India - The Punjab
• History of India - Company rule
• History of India - The British Raj
• History of India - The independence movement
• History of India - Independent India
• History of India - Textbooks and Surveys

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Alchemy is an early protoscientific and philosophical discipline combining the elements of chemistry, metallurgy, physics, medicine, astrology, semiotics, mysticism, and art. Alchemy has been practiced in ancient Egypt, India, and China, in Classical Greece and Rome, in the Islamic Empire, and then in Europe up to the 19th century — in a complex network of schools and philosophical systems spanning at least 2500 years. The alchemists did not follow what is now known as the scientific method, and much of the "knowledge" they p ...

Including:

• Alchemy - Overview
• Alchemy - Alchemy as a proto-science
• Alchemy - The changing goals of alchemy
• Alchemy - Alchemy and astrology
• Alchemy - Alchemy in the age of science
• Alchemy - Alchemy as a subject of historical research
• Alchemy - Etymology
• Alchemy - History
• Alchemy - Alchemy in Ancient Egypt
• Alchemy - Chinese alchemy
• Alchemy - Indian alchemy
• Alchemy - Alchemy in the Greek world
• Alchemy - Alchemy in the Roman Empire
• Alchemy - Alchemy in the Islamic world
• Alchemy - Alchemy in Medieval Europe
• Alchemy - Alchemy in the Modern Age and Renaissance
• Alchemy - The decline of Western alchemy
• Alchemy - Modern 'alchemy'
• Alchemy - Alchemy in art and entertainment
• Alchemy - Literature
• Alchemy - Music
• Alchemy - Other alchemical pages
• Alchemy - Related and alternative philosophies
• Alchemy - Scientific connections
• Alchemy - Substances of the alchemists
• Alchemy - Other resources

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American (or court) handball is an American form of fives played against one or more walls. It has origins in pre-Hispanic central America (about 1500 BC) and Scotland/Ireland circa 1500 AD. For centuries, the game was limited primarily to Ireland as Gaelic handball. Irish immigrants brought it to the United States in the 1880s. It is similar to (and in fact preceded) racquetball and squash. Jai alai is also thought to have evolved from handball. American handball - Play. American handball is ...

Including:

• American handball - Play
• American handball - Three-wall
• American handball - One-wall
• American handball - Variations

Read more here: » American handball: Encyclopedia - American handball

17th century BC - Events. 1700 – 1500 BC -- Hurrian conquests. 1700 BC - Belu-bani became the King of Assyria. c. 1700 BC - Lila-Ir-Tash started to rule the Elamite Empire. c. 1698 BC - Lila-Ir-Tash the ruler of the Elamite Empire died. Temti-Agun I started to rule the Elamite Empire. 1691 BC - Belu-bani, the King of Assyria died. c. 1690 BC - Temti-Agun I, the ruler of the Elamite Empire, died. Tan-Uli started to rule the Elamite Empire.

Alalakh is the name of an ancient city and its associated city-state of the Amuq River valley, located in the Hatay region of southern Turkey near the city of Antakya (ancient Antioch), and now represented by an extensive city-mound known as Tell Atchana. Alalakh - History. Alalakh was founded during the Middle Bronze Age in the 2nd millennium BC, as one of the first great cities of the Fertile Crescent. The first palace on the citadel of Alalakh was built c. 2000 BC, contemporary with the Third Dyna ...

Including:

• Alalakh - History
• Alalakh - Excavation

Read more here: » Alalakh: Encyclopedia - Alalakh

Santorini (Greek Σαντορίνη) is a small, circular group of volcanic islands located in the Aegean Sea, about 200 km south-east from the mainland of Greece (latitude: 36.40°N - longitude: 25.40°E). It is also known by the name of the largest island in the archipelago, Thira or Thera (Θήρα; see also List of traditional Greek place names). It is the southernmost member of the Cyclades group of islands, with an area of approximately 73 km² (28 sq mi), and in 2001 had an estimated population of 13,600. The inh ...

Including:

• Santorini - Minoan Akrotiri
• Santorini - Ancient volcanic eruption
• Santorini - Physical effects of the eruption
• Santorini - Dating the volcanic eruption
• Santorini - Size of the eruption
• Santorini - Chinese records
• Santorini - Egyptian records
• Santorini - Association with Atlantis
• Santorini - Greek Byzantine and Ottoman Santorini
• Santorini - Modern Santorini

Read more here: » Santorini: Encyclopedia - Santorini

Rāma or Rama (rāma in IAST, राम (or Sri Rama: श्रीराम) in Devanagari) is the Seventh Avatara of Vishnu. His full name is Ramachandra, and he is reverently addressed as Sri Rama. He is the embodiment of the Absolute Brahman and Dharma. He is the Mariyada ...

Including:

• Rama - Origins
• Rama - Prince of Ayodhya
• Rama - The Avatara
• Rama - With Vishwamitra
• Rama - Marriage to Sita
• Rama - Rama's Arrow
• Rama - Banishment to the Forest
• Rama - The Destruction of Khara
• Rama - The Kidnapping of Sita
• Rama - In Kishkindya
• Rama - The War
• Rama - Rama Rajya
• Rama - Uttara Kanda
• Rama - Sita's banishment
• Rama - In History and Mythology
• Rama - Modern Portrayal in India
• Rama - Symbolism of Rama
• Rama - Portrayal in South East Asia

Read more here: » Rama: Encyclopedia - Rama

Jewellery (Jewelry in American spelling); comprises ornamental objects worn by persons, typically made with gems and precious metals. Costume jewellery is made from less valuable materials. However, jewellery can and has been made out of almost every kind of material. The word is derived from the word "jewel", which was anglicised from the Old French "jouel" in around the 13th century. Further tracing leads bac ...

Including:

• Jewellery - Types
• Jewellery - Common types
• Jewellery - Less common types
• Jewellery - Special functions
• Jewellery - Components
• Jewellery - Materials and methods
• Jewellery - Timeline
• Jewellery - Bibliography

Read more here: » Jewellery: Encyclopedia - Jewellery

Shruti Vedas Rig Veda Sama Veda Yajur Veda Atharva Veda Brahmanas Aranyakas Upanishads Smriti Itihāsas Mahābhārata Bhagavad Gītā Ramayana Puranas (List) Tantras Sutras (List) Stotras Ashtavakra Gita Git ...

Including:

• Rigveda - Text
• Rigveda - Books
• Rigveda - Translations
• Rigveda - Internal evidence
• Rigveda - Hindu tradition
• Rigveda - More recent Indian views
• Rigveda - Editions
• Rigveda - Translations
• Rigveda - Bibliography

Read more here: » Rigveda: Encyclopedia - Rigveda

Bigfoot, also called Sasquatch, is described as a large, bipedal apelike creature living in the remote wilderness areas of the United States and Canada, specifically those in southwestern Canada, the Great Lakes, the Pacific Northwest, the Rocky Mountains, the forests of the U.S. Northeast, and the U.S. Southern states. The majority of mainstream scientists reject the posibility of the creature's existence, and consider the stories of Bigfoot to be a combination of myth and hoax. Bigfoot - Description. < ...

Including:

• Bigfoot - Description
• Bigfoot - Bigfoot phenomenon
• Bigfoot - Etymology
• Bigfoot - Bigfoot
• Bigfoot - Sasquatch
• Bigfoot - Evidence - arguments for and against
• Bigfoot - Eyewitness reports
• Bigfoot - Problems with eyewitness reports
• Bigfoot - Native American culture
• Bigfoot - Problems with Native American culture as evidence
• Bigfoot - Physical evidence
• Bigfoot - Problems with physical evidence
• Bigfoot - Audio and visual evidence
• Bigfoot - Problems with audio and visual evidence
• Bigfoot - Psychological explanations
• Bigfoot - Hoaxes
• Bigfoot - Arguments against the hoax explanation
• Bigfoot - Conclusion
• Bigfoot - Mainstream response
• Bigfoot - Proposed creatures
• Bigfoot - Gigantopithecus
• Bigfoot - Paranthropus
• Bigfoot - Meganthropus
• Bigfoot - Alternative theories
• Bigfoot - Formal studies of Bigfoot
• Bigfoot - Bigfoot in popular culture
• Bigfoot - Alleged Bigfoot sightings
• Bigfoot - Footnotes
• Bigfoot - Sources

Read more here: » Bigfoot: Encyclopedia - Bigfoot

Ancient Egypt was a civilization along the Lower Nile, reaching from the Nile Delta in the north as far south as Jebel Barkal at the time of its greatest extension (15th century BC). It lasted for three millennia, from circa 3200 BC to 343 BC, ending with the conquest of Alexander the Great. As a civilization based on irrigation it is the quintessential example of a hydraulic empire. Ancient Egypt - Geography. Most of Egypt is in North Africa; though the Sinai Peninsula is in Southwest Asia. The coun ...

Including:

• Ancient Egypt - Geography
• Ancient Egypt - People
• Ancient Egypt - History
• Ancient Egypt - Government
• Ancient Egypt - Language
• Ancient Egypt - Writing
• Ancient Egypt - Literature
• Ancient Egypt - Culture
• Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements
• Ancient Egypt - Timeline
• Ancient Egypt - Open problems
• Ancient Egypt - Notes

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Shruti Vedas Rig Veda Sama Veda Yajur Veda Atharva Veda Brahmanas Aranyakas Upanishads Smriti Itihāsas Mahābhārata Bhagavad Gītā Ramayana Puranas (List) Tantras Sutras (List) Stotras Ashtavakra Gita G ...

Including:

• Yajurveda - Versions
• Yajurveda - Shukla Yajurveda
• Yajurveda - Krishna Yajurveda
• Yajurveda - Large numbers
• Yajurveda - Literature

Read more here: » Yajurveda: Encyclopedia - Yajurveda

A board game is any game played on a board (that is, a premarked surface) with counters or pieces that are moved across the board. Simple board games are often seen as ideal "family entertainment" as they can provide entertainment for all ages. Some board games, such as chess or Go, have intense strategic value and have become lasting classics. There are many different types and classifications of board games. Some games are simplified simulations of real life. These are popular for they can intermingle make-believe and role pl ...

Including:

• Board game - History
• Board game - Timeline
• Board game - Luck strategy and diplomacy
• Board game - Common terminology

Read more here: » Board game: Encyclopedia - Board game

A water clock or clepsydra is a device for measuring time by letting water regularly flow out of a container, usually through a tiny aperture. While never reaching the level of accuracy based on today's standards of timekeeping, the water clock was the most accurate and commonly used timekeeping device for millennia, until it was replaced by the more accurate pendulum clock in the 17th century. According to researcher Jim Maciejewski, water clocks were among the earliest timekeepers created by mankind. While there is no ...

Including:

• Water clock - Water Clock Overview
• Water clock - Su Song's Astronomical Clock Tower
• Water clock - Water Clock-related Reading List

Read more here: » Water clock: Encyclopedia - Water clock

Tyre (Arabic الصور aṣ-Ṣūr, native Phoenician Ṣur, Latin Tyrus, Akkadian Ṣurru, Tiberian Hebrew צר Ṣōr, Greek Τύρος Týros) is an ancient Phoenician city in modern Lebanon on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, about 23 miles north of Acre, and 20 miles south of Sidon. The modern city is still named Sur. The name of the city means 'Rock'. Tyre consisted of two distinct parts, a rocky fortress on the shore, called "Old Tyre", and the city, buil ...

Including:

• Tyre - Foundation
• Tyre - Early history
• Tyre - Later history
• Tyre - Modern references
• Tyre - List of kings of Tyre:

Read more here: » Tyre: Encyclopedia - Tyre

Ulama is a ball game played in Latin America, a variety of the Mesoamerican ballgame descended from an Aztec game ritual. The game is one of the oldest sports in the world that is still played (wrestling, for example, is even older). Ulama game - History. The word Ulama comes from the Nahuatl word ullamaliztli ("ballgame"). In its heyday in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, ulama was played by the Olmecs (the probable inventors), Aztecs, Mixtecs and Maya in an area extending from modern-day M ...

Including:

• Ulama game - History
• Ulama game - Modern-day ulama
• Ulama game - External link

Read more here: » Ulama game: Encyclopedia - Ulama game

This article is in need of attention. You can help Wikipedia by editing it into a better article. Please also consider changing this notice to be more specific. Varna the word itself means colour. Varna system is a color based classification. But it is also a fact that that system was not originally based on color based divisions. Lord Krishna was a dark skinned person but he was a upper caste member. Classification was based on the occupations. Working conditions brings skin color chan ...

Including:

• Indian caste system - Varna system
• Indian caste system - Four Varnas
• Indian caste system - Division of labor
• Indian caste system - Untouchables Dalit
• Indian caste system - Jati
• Indian caste system - Caste in Hindu texts
• Indian caste system - Rig Veda - Purusha Sukta hymn
• Indian caste system - Origins of the system
• Indian caste system - Aryan invasion
• Indian caste system - Transition in Caste
• Indian caste system - Modern perceptions of caste
• Indian caste system - Quotes about Caste
• Indian caste system - Notable people
• Indian caste system - Literature

Read more here: » Indian caste system: Encyclopedia - Indian caste system

The materials definition of a glass is a uniform amorphous solid material, usually produced when a suitably viscous molten material cools very rapidly to below its glass transition temperature, thereby not giving enough time for a regular crystal lattice to form. A simple example is when table sugar is melted and cooled rapidly by dumping the liquid sugar onto a cold surface. The resulting solid is amorphous, not crystalline like the sugar was originally, w ...

Including:

• Glass - Properties and Uses
• Glass - Glass Ingredients
• Glass - Glass as a polymer
• Glass - Colors
• Glass - History of glass
• Glass - Glass tools
• Glass - Glass art
• Glass - Architectural glass
• Glass - Float annealed glass
• Glass - Sheet glass
• Glass - Plate glass
• Glass - Cylinder glass
• Glass - Insulated glazing
• Glass - Toughened glass
• Glass - Laminated glass
• Glass - Low-emissivity glass
• Glass - Self-cleaning glass
• Glass - Evacuated glazing
• Glass - Glass as a liquid
• Glass - Evidence against glass flow

Read more here: » Glass: Encyclopedia - Glass

Zhang Zhung culture is an ancient culture of western and northwestern Tibet which pre-dated Tibetan Buddhism and is best known as the source of the Bön religion. The Zhang Zhung are mentioned frequently in ancient Tibetan texts but only in the last two decades have archaeologists been able to link the text references to archaeological sites. A tentative match has been proposed between the Zhang Zhung and an Iron Age culture now being uncovered on the Chang Tang plateau of northwestern Tibet. Zhang Zhung culture - Textua ...

Including:

• Zhang Zhung culture - Textual evidence of the Zhang Zhung
• Zhang Zhung culture - Iron Age culture of the Chang Tang — is this the Zhang Zhung?
• Zhang Zhung culture - Modern-day remnant of the Zhang Zhung
• Zhang Zhung culture - Were the Zhang Zhung Buddhists?
• Zhang Zhung culture - External link

Read more here: » Zhang Zhung culture: Encyclopedia - Zhang Zhung culture

Beehive tombs, also known as Tholos tombs (plural tholoi), are a style of Mycenaean chamber tomb from the Bronze Age. Beehive tombs developed from Mycenaean shaft tombs, which first appear around 1600 BC. After about 1500 BC, beehive tombs became more widespread. They were built as corbelled arches, layers of stone and dirt placed closer together as the arch tapers toward the top of the tomb. This style is probably an influence from Minoan tombs. Each tomb usually contains more than one person, in various places i ...

Read more here: » Beehive tomb: Encyclopedia - Beehive tomb