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14 September | A Wisdom Archive on 14 September | | 14 September A selection of articles related to 14 September | |
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14 September
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 14 September | | | |  14 September: Encyclopedia II - Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Early lifeBorn The Honourable Arthur Wesley at either his family's social season Dublin residence, Mornington House, or at his family seat, Dangan Castle near Trim in County Meath, Ireland. He was the third son of Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington. His exact date of birth is a matter of some contention. All that exists is a church registry of the event marked a few days after it must have occurred. The most likely date is 1 May 1769, but any day for a few days before or after is possible. He legally changed his surname ...
See also:Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Early life, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Napoleonic Wars, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Wellington as soldier, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Later life, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Titles & Honours, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Peerage of the United Kingdom, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - British & Irish Honours, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - International Honours & Titles, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Nicknames, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Trivia, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - The Duke of Wellington's Government January 1828 - November 1830, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - The Duke of Wellington's Caretaker Government November 1834 - December 1834, Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - External links Read more here: » Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington: Encyclopedia II - Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington - Early life |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Haymarket Riot - Trial executions and pardons Eight people connected directly or indirectly with the rally and its anarchist organisers were charged with Degan's murder: August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer, George Engel, Louis Lingg, Michael Schwab, Samuel Fielden and Oscar Neebe. Five (Spies, Fischer, Engel, Lingg and Schwab) were German immigrants while a sixth, Neebe, was of German descent. The trial was presided over by Judge Joseph Gary. The defense counsel included Sigmund Zeisler, William Perkins Black, William Foster, and Moses Salomon. The prosecution never offered evi ...
See also:Haymarket Riot, Haymarket Riot - Strike at the McCormick reaper plant, Haymarket Riot - Rally at Haymarket Square, Haymarket Riot - Trial executions and pardons, Haymarket Riot - Haymarket Square in the aftermath, Haymarket Riot - Defendants, Haymarket Riot - Sources Further reading, Haymarket Riot - External images Read more here: » Haymarket Riot: Encyclopedia II - Haymarket Riot - Trial executions and pardons |
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| | | | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Francis Bacon painter - The Millais House studio 7 Cromwell Place: 1943 - 1951 Returning from Hampshire at the latter part of 1943, Bacon and Hall were to take the ground floor of 7 Cromwell Place, South Kensington, in John Everett Millais' old house and studio. The old studio, high vaulted and north lit, had had its roof blown in by a bomb, so Bacon adopted the enormous old billiard room at the back of the house for his studio. Nanny Lightfoot slept on the kitchen table as there was nowhere else. Illicit roulette parties were held there, ...
See also:Francis Bacon painter, Francis Bacon painter - Early life, Francis Bacon painter - Abbeyleix, Francis Bacon painter - London Berlin and Paris, Francis Bacon painter - Berlin, Francis Bacon painter - Chantilly, Francis Bacon painter - 17 Queensberry Mews West, Francis Bacon painter - 'The 1930 Look in British Decoration', Francis Bacon painter - 'Paintings and rugs by Francis Bacon', Francis Bacon painter - Fulham Road, Francis Bacon painter - 71 Royal Hospital Road, Francis Bacon painter - Crucifixion 1933, Francis Bacon painter - Wound for a Crucifixion, Francis Bacon painter - 1 Glebe Place and Petersfield, Francis Bacon painter - Abstraction Abstraction from the Human Form, Francis Bacon painter - Figure Getting Out of a Car c. 1939 - 1940, Francis Bacon painter - The Millais House studio 7 Cromwell Place: 1943 - 1951, Francis Bacon painter - Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion, Francis Bacon painter - Figure in a landscape 1945, Francis Bacon painter - Painting 1946, Francis Bacon painter - Head I Head II - Head VI, Francis Bacon painter - The Colony Room, Francis Bacon painter - Study after Velázquez, Francis Bacon painter - After 7 Cromwell Place 1951 - 1953, Francis Bacon painter - Study for Crouching Nude, Francis Bacon painter - Dog 1952, Francis Bacon painter - Study of a Nude 1952–1953, Francis Bacon painter - Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X, Francis Bacon painter - Study for Portrait I - VIII 1953, Francis Bacon painter - Notes, Francis Bacon painter - Influences, Francis Bacon painter - Later life, Francis Bacon painter - The Estate, Francis Bacon painter - ELEMENTS OF DESIGN, Francis Bacon painter - Conclusion, Francis Bacon painter - Motion picture Read more here: » Francis Bacon painter: Encyclopedia II - Francis Bacon painter - The Millais House studio 7 Cromwell Place: 1943 - 1951 |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Euro - Effects of a single currency The introduction of a single currency for many separate countries presents a number of advantages and disadvantages for the participating nations. Opinions differ on the actual effects of the euro so far, as most of them will take years to understand. Theories and predictions abound.
Euro - Removal of exchange rate risk.
One of the most important benefits of the euro will be lowered exchange rate risks, which will make it easier to invest across borders. The risks of changes in the value of respective curr ...
See also:Euro, Euro - Characteristics, Euro - Name and linguistic issues, Euro - Transition, Euro - Participation in the economic and monetary union, Euro - Countries using the euro, Euro - EU members outside the Eurozone, Euro - Bulgaria and Romania, Euro - Effects of a single currency, Euro - Removal of exchange rate risk, Euro - Removal of conversion fees, Euro - Deeper financial markets, Euro - Price parity, Euro - Competitive funding, Euro - Macroeconomic stability, Euro - Less-specific monetary policy, Euro - A new reserve currency?, Euro - The euro and oil, Euro - Euro exchange rate, Euro - Against the U.S. dollar, Euro - Currencies pegged to euro, Euro - Drivers, Euro - Consequences, Euro - The euro sign, Euro - Reactions following the European Constitution votes, Euro - Economists who helped realise the euro, Euro - Trivia Read more here: » Euro: Encyclopedia II - Euro - Effects of a single currency |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Everclear band - History Everclear formed in Portland, Oregon, USA in 1992. For most of its existence, Everclear consisted of Art Alexakis (b. 12 April 1962, Los Angeles, California, USA; vocals, guitar), Craig Montoya (b. 14 September 1970; bass, vocals) and Greg Eklund (b. 18 April 1970; drums). Eklund replaced original drummer Scott Cuthbert in 1994.
Art Alexakis suffered through a troubled youth, beginning with his father walking out when Alexakis was a child. Financial hardships pushed his family into the slums of Los Angeles, where Alexakis fell to the ...
See also:Everclear band, Everclear band - History, Everclear band - Discography, Everclear band - Studio albums, Everclear band - EPs, Everclear band - Live and compilations, Everclear band - Singles in chronological order Read more here: » Everclear band: Encyclopedia II - Everclear band - History |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Edward Bradford - Military career Bradford was born in Buckinghamshire, the son of a clergyman, and was educated from 1846 at Marlborough College. He was commissioned into the East India Company 2nd Madras Light Infantry (based at Jalna) in 1853, transferring to the 6th Madras Cavalry (based at Mhow) on his promotion to Lieutenant in 1855. He saw active service in Persia (1856–1857), attached to the 14th The King's Light Dragoons, and in the latter stages of the Indian Mutiny, where he served as adjutant of the left wing of his regiment. In 1858, he transferred to Mayne's ...
See also:Edward Bradford, Edward Bradford - Military career, Edward Bradford - Indian Civil Service, Edward Bradford - Commissioner of Police, Edward Bradford - Later years Read more here: » Edward Bradford: Encyclopedia II - Edward Bradford - Military career |
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| | | | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Duran Duran discography - Discography – Singles All dates pertain to UK release dates. Starting with 1984's "New Moon On Monday" many of Duran's single were issued with a vanity catalogue numbering system. This effectively ended with the release of "Electric Barbarella". Surprisingly after a few false starts, "All She Wants Is" was issued as DD 11, signifying that it was the band's 11th single. It was, in fact, the band's 18th.
The 1980s
"Planet Earth" (February 1981) #12 UK, Did Not Chart in US
"Careless Memories" (April 1981) #37 UK, No Official Relea ...
See also:Duran Duran discography, Duran Duran discography - Discography – Albums, Duran Duran discography - Discography – Singles, Duran Duran discography - Discography – EPs & Non-UK singles, Duran Duran discography - Videography Read more here: » Duran Duran discography: Encyclopedia II - Duran Duran discography - Discography – Singles |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Ayumi Hamasaki - Biography Although Ayumi lived with her mother, she was primarily raised by her grandmother. She has vague recollections of her father as he left the family at around the time she was two, and she has not seen him since. She grew up in a very liberal household where she was expected to do what was right for her without her mother intervening in her affairs, since her mother was always out working to support the family.
In her youth, Hamasaki started her modeling career as a model for a local bank. During high school, she was considered a delinq ...
See also:Ayumi Hamasaki, Ayumi Hamasaki - Biography, Ayumi Hamasaki - Idol Career, Ayumi Hamasaki - As an Artist, Ayumi Hamasaki - NOTHING FROM NOTHING Era, Ayumi Hamasaki - A Song for XX to LOVEppears Era, Ayumi Hamasaki - Duty Era, Ayumi Hamasaki - A BEST to I am... Era, Ayumi Hamasaki - RAINBOW to A BALLADS Era, Ayumi Hamasaki - Memorial address to MY STORY, Ayumi Hamasaki - missunderstood Era, Ayumi Hamasaki - Symbols, Ayumi Hamasaki - The first A, Ayumi Hamasaki - M, Ayumi Hamasaki - The second A, Ayumi Hamasaki - Discography, Ayumi Hamasaki - DVD, Ayumi Hamasaki - Video Clips, Ayumi Hamasaki - Short Film, Ayumi Hamasaki - DVDs, Ayumi Hamasaki - DVD Audio, Ayumi Hamasaki - OTHERS Read more here: » Ayumi Hamasaki: Encyclopedia II - Ayumi Hamasaki - Biography |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Economy of Fiji - Economic problems Fiji's economic difficulties have been compounded by the effects of three coups over the last two decades.
Economy of Fiji - Emigration.
Since 1987, when the country was destabilized by two military coups, Fiji has suffered a very high rate of emigration, particularly of skilled and professional personnel. More than 70,000 people left the country in the aftermath of the coups, some 90 percent of whom were Indo-Fijians. With the continuing expiration of land leases and ongoing instability in the aftermath of another coup in 2000, ...
See also:Economy of Fiji, Economy of Fiji - Development plan, Economy of Fiji - Tourism, Economy of Fiji - Trade, Economy of Fiji - Investment, Economy of Fiji - Economic problems, Economy of Fiji - Emigration, Economy of Fiji - Property laws and investment problems, Economy of Fiji - Natural disasters, Economy of Fiji - Tourism woes, Economy of Fiji - Homelessness, Economy of Fiji - Human Development Index, Economy of Fiji - The withdrawal of Shell Oil, Economy of Fiji - Gold mining layoffs, Economy of Fiji - Economic Statistics, Economy of Fiji - Income, Economy of Fiji - Inflation rate consumer prices, Economy of Fiji - Workforce, Economy of Fiji - Budget, Economy of Fiji - Industries, Economy of Fiji - Electricity, Economy of Fiji - Agriculture, Economy of Fiji - Exports, Economy of Fiji - Imports, Economy of Fiji - Debt and aid, Economy of Fiji - Currency, Economy of Fiji - Fiscal year Read more here: » Economy of Fiji: Encyclopedia II - Economy of Fiji - Economic problems |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Abbey Theatre - The Abbey after Yeats In 1924, Yeats and Lady Gregory offered the Abbey to the government of the Free State as a gift to the Irish people. Despite some reluctance on the part of the Department of Finance, the offer was accepted, partly at least because of the theatre's commitment to producing works in Irish. As a consequence, in 1925 the Abbey became the first theatre company in the English-speaking world to be state-maintained. The following year, the Abbey School of Acting and the Abbey School of Ballet were set up. The latter, which closed in 1933, was run by Ninette de Valois, who a ...
See also:Abbey Theatre, Abbey Theatre - Before the Abbey, Abbey Theatre - Foundation of the Abbey, Abbey Theatre - The early years, Abbey Theatre - The Abbey after Yeats, Abbey Theatre - The Abbey since 1966 Read more here: » Abbey Theatre: Encyclopedia II - Abbey Theatre - The Abbey after Yeats |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Istanbul Pogrom - The Pogrom
Istanbul Pogrom - Planning.
In his 2005 book, Harvard-trained Byzantinist historian, Speros Vryonis, documents the direct role of the Demokrat Parti organisation and government-controlled trade unions in amassing the rioters that swept Istanbul. Most of the rioters came from western Asia Minor. His case study of EskiÅŸehir shows how the party there recruited 400 to 500 workers from local factories, who were carted by train with third class-tickets to Istanbul. These recruits were promised the equivalent of $6 USD ...
See also:Istanbul Pogrom, Istanbul Pogrom - Background, Istanbul Pogrom - The Greeks of Constantinople/Istanbul, Istanbul Pogrom - Context, Istanbul Pogrom - Organisation, Istanbul Pogrom - The Pogrom, Istanbul Pogrom - Planning, Istanbul Pogrom - Execution, Istanbul Pogrom - Personal violence, Istanbul Pogrom - Material damage, Istanbul Pogrom - Witnesses, Istanbul Pogrom - Secondary action, Istanbul Pogrom - Documentation, Istanbul Pogrom - Reactions, Istanbul Pogrom - Aftermath, Istanbul Pogrom - Sources Read more here: » Istanbul Pogrom: Encyclopedia II - Istanbul Pogrom - The Pogrom |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury - Life Lord Robert Cecil was the second son of the 2nd Marquess of Salisbury. After an unhappy childhood, in which he studied at Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, he went into politics, entering the House of Commons as a Conservative in 1853.
In 1857, Cecil married Georgina Alderson, a woman of low social standing, in spite of his father's objections. The marriage proved a happy one, producing five sons and two daughters. In 1866 Cecil, now called Viscount Cranborne (due to the death of his older brother), entered the third government of Lord Derby as Secretary of State for I ...
See also:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury - Life, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury - Family, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury - Lord Salisbury's First Government July 1885–February 1886, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury - Changes, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury - Lord Salisbury's Second Government August 1886–August 1892, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury - Cabinet after the reorganization of January 1887, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury - Further Changes, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury - Lord Salisbury's Third Government June 1895–July 1902, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury - Changes Read more here: » Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury: Encyclopedia II - Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury - Life |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Forces - Early history 1977 - 1982 In opposition to an alliance of Palestinian and leftist Muslim militias, the Lebanese Forces (LF) were organized in 1977 under the leadership of Bachir Gemayel, as the military counterpart to the Lebanese Front, a political coalition. The LF was initially a loose coalition of disparate Christian militias, including the Ahrar (linked to former President Camille Chamoun's National Liberal Party) and the militant Guardians of the Cedars, led by Etienne Saqr, but was dominated by Gemayel's Phalange, the military wing of the Kataeb Party of Gemay ...
See also:Lebanese Forces, Lebanese Forces - Early history 1977 - 1982, Lebanese Forces - The Amine Gemayel years 1982 - 1988, Lebanese Forces - The Aoun years 1988 - 1990, Lebanese Forces - The Second Republic 1990 - 2005 Read more here: » Lebanese Forces: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Forces - Early history 1977 - 1982 |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Roman calendar - Months The Romans had special names for 3 specific days in each month. The system was originally based on phases of the Moon (Luna), and these days were probably declared when the lunar conditions were right. After the reforms of Numa Pompilius, they occurred on fixed days.
Kalends - first day of the month, from which the word "calendar" is derived. Interest on debt was due on Kalends.
Nones – depending on the month, could be the 5th or the 7th day; traditionally the day of the Half Moon
Ides †...
See also:Roman calendar, Roman calendar - History of the Calendar, Roman calendar - Months, Roman calendar - The example of September, Roman calendar - Days of the week, Roman calendar - Character of the Day, Roman calendar - Years, Roman calendar - Converting Pre-Julian Dates Read more here: » Roman calendar: Encyclopedia II - Roman calendar - Months |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Løgting - History
Løgting - The Viking Age.
The Faroese ting or assembly was originally a so-called alting, with both legislative and judicial authority. On the other hand, there was no executive authority in the country. The Faroese society was a family society (eitt ættarsamfelag), where the families saw to it that the judgements and resolutions of the Løgting were put into practice.
There is a certain amount of evidence that the Faroes were already colonised as early as 650. The first inhabitants, who we ...
See also:Løgting, Løgting - History, Løgting - The Viking Age, Løgting - Norwegian Rule, Løgting - Danish Rule, Løgting - World War II, Løgting - Self-Government, Løgting - Authority, Løgting - Committees, Løgting - Election Results since 1906, Løgting - Latest results, Løgting - The Session of the Løgting, Løgting - Historical Documentation over the Centuries, Løgting - Literature Read more here: » Løgting: Encyclopedia II - Løgting - History |
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| | | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias Constitutionally guaranteed Christian control of the government had come under increasing fire from Muslims and secular left wing groups in the 1960s, leading them to join forces as the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) in 1969. The LNM called for the taking of a new census (the last one had been conducted in 1932) and the subsequent drafting of a new governmental structure that would reflect the actual population balance. This was perceived as a mortal threat for Christian (especially Maronite) power in Lebanon, although alliances were admittedly much more complex than the "Muslims versus Christians" rubric ...
See also:Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Civil War - Background to the war, Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots, Lebanese Civil War - After independence, Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias, Lebanese Civil War - The major militias, Lebanese Civil War - The PLO and regional conflict, Lebanese Civil War - First phase of the war 1975-77, Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres, Lebanese Civil War - Syrian intervention, Lebanese Civil War - An uneasy quiet, Lebanese Civil War - Second phase of the war 1977-82, Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978, Lebanese Civil War - Syria vs. the Phalange, Lebanese Civil War - Influence of the PLO, Lebanese Civil War - Israel plans for attack, Lebanese Civil War - Third phase of the war 1982-83, Lebanese Civil War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Lebanese Civil War - International intervention: 1981–84, Lebanese Civil War - Fourth phase of the war 1984-89, Lebanese Civil War - Worsening conflict and political crisis, Lebanese Civil War - The Taif Agreement, Lebanese Civil War - End of the Civil Strife, Lebanese Civil War - Conclusions Read more here: » Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia II - Lebanese Civil War - Formation of militias |
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| | | | | 14 September: Encyclopedia II - Lord's Resistance Army - The insurgency flares March 2002 to present In March 2002, the UPDF launched a massive military offensive, named "Operation Iron Fist", against the LRA bases in southern Sudan. The National Islamic Front government agreed to the entry of the Ugandan military into its borders, albeit below the so-called "red line" consisting of the Juba-Torit highway. This was part of its efforts to broadcast its new status as an engaged member of the international community. This agreement, coupled with the return of Ugandan forces that had been deployed in the Democratic Republic of Congo upon the of ...
See also:Lord's Resistance Army, Lord's Resistance Army - Early history of the LRA 1986 to 1994, Lord's Resistance Army - An international conflict March 1994 to March 2002, Lord's Resistance Army - Sudanese support expands the scale of the conflict, Lord's Resistance Army - Acholi civilians as targets, Lord's Resistance Army - Protected villages created in 1996, Lord's Resistance Army - A culture of peace and a gradual subsiding, Lord's Resistance Army - The insurgency flares March 2002 to present, Lord's Resistance Army - Attempts at peace and militia creation Early 2003, Lord's Resistance Army - Involvement of international organizations, Lord's Resistance Army - Late 2004 peace talks collapse 15 November to 31 December 2004, Lord's Resistance Army - Negotiations amidst ongoing conflict 1 January 2005 to 3 February, Lord's Resistance Army - Another cease-fire and LRA arrest warrants from the ICC February to September 2005, Lord's Resistance Army - LRA in the Democratic Republic of the Congo September 2005 to present, Lord's Resistance Army - Prominent incidents Read more here: » Lord's Resistance Army: Encyclopedia II - Lord's Resistance Army - The insurgency flares March 2002 to present |
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