1492

1492 - Events. January 2 - Boabdil, the last Moorish King of Granada, surrenders his city to the army of Ferdinand and Isabella after a lengthy siege. March 30 - Ferdinand and Isabella sign a decree expelling all Jews and Black ladinos from Spain unless they convert to Roman Catholicism. August 3 - Christopher Columbus first sails to the Americas August 3 - The Jews are expelled from Spain. October 12 - Christopher Columbus's expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean. Th ...

Including:

• 1492 - Events
• 1492 - Births
• 1492 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1492: Encyclopedia - 1492

Isabella of Castile - Granada. The conquest of Granada took ten years. This kingdom had been held by the Moors since their invasion of Spain in the 8th century. Protected by natural barriers and fortified towns it had withstood the long process of the reconquista. But, in contrast to the determined leadership by Isabelle and Ferdinand, Granada's leadership was divided and never presented a united front. When the Spaniards early on captured Boabdil, one of the rulers, they set him free - for a ransom - so he could ...

See also:

Isabella of Castile, Isabella of Castile - Name, Isabella of Castile - Genealogy, Isabella of Castile - Early years, Isabella of Castile - Accession, Isabella of Castile - 1492, Isabella of Castile - Granada, Isabella of Castile - Columbus, Isabella of Castile - Expulsion of the Jews, Isabella of Castile - Later years, Isabella of Castile - Children, Isabella of Castile - Influence

Read more here: » Isabella of Castile: Encyclopedia II - Isabella of Castile - 1492

Kabbalah (Hebrew קַבָּלָה "reception", Standard Hebrew Qabbala, Tiberian Hebrew Qabbālāh; also written variously as Cabala, Cabalah, Cabbala, Cabbalah, Kabala, Kabalah, Kabbala, Qabala, Qabalah, Kaballah) is an interpretation (exegesis, hermeneutic) key, "soul" of the Torah (Hebrew Bible), or the religious mystical system of Judaism claiming an insight into divine nature. Kabbalah is a doctrine of esoteric knowledge concerning God, God's creation of the universe and the laws of nature, and the path by whic ...

Including:

• Kabbalah - Origin of Jewish mysticism
• Kabbalah - Mystic doctrines in Talmudic times
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the early Middle Ages
• Kabbalah - Lurianic Kabbalah in the Middle Ages
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Sefardim and Mizrahim
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah of the Maharal
• Kabbalah - The failure of Sabbatian mysticism
• Kabbalah - Spread of Kabbalah during the 1700s
• Kabbalah - The modern world
• Kabbalah - Primary texts
• Kabbalah - Theodicy: explanation for the existence of evil
• Kabbalah - Kabbalistic understanding of God
• Kabbalah - Sefirot
• Kabbalah - A Greek Orthodox theological view
• Kabbalah - The human soul in Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Foretelling the future
• Kabbalah - Practical applications
• Kabbalah - Textual antiquity of esoteric mysticism
• Kabbalah - Gnosticism and Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Criticisms
• Kabbalah - Dualism
• Kabbalah - Debate about Kabbalah in Judaism
• Kabbalah - Early critiques
• Kabbalah - Within Conservative and Reform Judaism
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah Centre
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah in non-Jewish society
• Kabbalah - Hermetic Kabbalah
• Kabbalah - Fictional representations
• Kabbalah - Kabbalah personalities
• Kabbalah - Footnotes

Read more here: » Kabbalah: Encyclopedia - Kabbalah

Córdoba Spain - Roman Córdoba in Hispania Baetica. In Roman times, the city had more cultural buildings than Rome. It was the capital of the province of Hispania Baetica. Remains of the Roman Temple built by Claudius Marcellus, the Roman Bridge (illustration, right) and other Roman remains can still be seen around the city. Córdoba Spain - Caliphate of Córdoba. Córdoba (Arabic قرطبه Qurṭubah) was conquered by the Moors in 711, and Moorish ...

See also:

Córdoba Spain, Córdoba Spain - History of Córdoba, Córdoba Spain - Roman Córdoba in Hispania Baetica, Córdoba Spain - Caliphate of Córdoba, Córdoba Spain - Christian Córdoba, Córdoba Spain - Modern Córdoba

Read more here: » Córdoba Spain: Encyclopedia II - Córdoba Spain - History of Córdoba

A caravel is a small, highly maneuverable, three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish for long voyages of exploration beginning in the 15th century. Although the carrack represented the state of the art in later medieval shipbuilding, there were purposes for which it was not appropriate. Initially carracks were used for exploration by the Spanish and Portuguese venturing out along the west African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. But large, full-rigged ships could not always be sailed with the precision necessary fo ...

Including:

• Caravel - Other types of sailing vessel

Read more here: » Caravel: Encyclopedia - Caravel

Córdoba is a city in Andalucía, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. Located at 37.88° North, 4.77° West, on the Guadalquivir river, it was founded in ancient Roman times as Corduba by Claudius Marcellus. Its population is about 321,000 as of 2004. Today a moderately sized modern city, the old town contains many impressive architectural reminders of when Córdoba was the thriving capital of the Caliphate of Cordoba that governed almost all of the Iberian peninsula. Córdoba was the birt ...

Including:

• Córdoba Spain - History of Córdoba
• Córdoba Spain - Roman Córdoba in Hispania Baetica
• Córdoba Spain - Caliphate of Córdoba
• Córdoba Spain - Christian Córdoba
• Córdoba Spain - Modern Córdoba

Read more here: » Córdoba Spain: Encyclopedia - Córdoba Spain

Bar Kokhba’s revolt (132-135 CE) against the Roman Empire, also known as The Second Jewish-Roman War or The Second Jewish Revolt, was a second major rebellion by the Jews of Iudaea. Alternatively, some sources call it The Third Revolt, counting also the riots of 115-117, the Kitos War, suppressed by the general Quintus Lucius Quietus who governed the province at the time. Bar Kokhba's revolt - Background. After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE as a result of the failed Great Jewi ...

Including:

• Bar Kokhba's revolt - Background
• Bar Kokhba's revolt - Revolt
• Bar Kokhba's revolt - The Era of the redemption of Israel
• Bar Kokhba's revolt - Roman reaction
• Bar Kokhba's revolt - Outcome of the War and Beginning of another Jewish Diaspora
• Bar Kokhba's revolt - Sources
• Bar Kokhba's revolt - External link

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Bahya ben Asher or Bahya ben Asher ben Halawa also known as the Rabbeinu Behaye, born about the middle of the thirteenth century at Saragossa, died 1340 was a 13th century rabbi and scholar of Judaism. He was a commentator on the Hebrew Bible and is noted for introducing Kabbalah (Jewish mysticism) into study of the Torah. He is considered by Jewish scholars to be one of the most distinguished of the Biblical exegetes of Spain. He was a ...

Including:

• Bahya ben Asher - His Torah commentary
• Bahya ben Asher - Printings
• Bahya ben Asher - Other works
• Bahya ben Asher - Works incorrectly attributed to him
• Bahya ben Asher - Analysis

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There are many different types of Austrian beer to be found. One of the most common brands of beer to be found in Austria is Stiegl, founded in 1492. Stiegl brews both a helles (a light lager) and a Weissbier (Hefeweizen), as well as other specialty beers. There are also many other more local and regional breweries to be found as well. In the eastern provinces can be found Ottakringer and Nussdorf from Vienna. In and around Styria in the South are the popular brands Gösser, Puntigamer ...

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The Commonwealth of The Bahamas is an independent English-speaking nation in the West Indies. An archipelago of 700 islands and cays (which are small islands), the Bahamas is located in the Atlantic Ocean, east of Florida in the United States, north of Cuba and the Caribbean, and west of the British dependency of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Bahamas - History. Christopher Columbus's first landfall in the New World in 1492 is believed to have been on the island of San Salvador (also called Watling's Island) ...

Including:

• Bahamas - History
• Bahamas - Geography
• Bahamas - Politics
• Bahamas - Districts
• Bahamas - Economy
• Bahamas - Demographics
• Bahamas - Culture
• Bahamas - Climate

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Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1492 or 1493 - 1581) was a conquistador, who wrote an eyewitness account of the conquest of Mexico under Hernán Cortés. Born in Spain, he came from a family of little wealth and he himself had received only a minimal education. He sailed to Cuba in 1514 to make his fortune, but after two years found few opportunities there. Much of the native population of the island had already been killed by epidemics and forced labor, and in 1517 an expedition was sent to the smaller Caribbean islands to find alternativ ...

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Bidar is a city in Karnataka state, India. It is the administrative seat of Bidar District. Bidar was the capital of the Bahmani Sultanate from 1425 until the sultanate's breakup after 1518. It then became the center of one of the five independent sultanates, known as the Deccan sultanates, that were the successor states to the Bahmani kingdom. The Bidar Sultanate was absorbed by the Sultanate of Bijapur to the west in 1619, which was in turn conquered by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1686. Bidar was part of the Nizam of Hyde ...

Including:

• Bidar - Places of interest
• Bidar - Sultans of Bidar from Barid Dynasty
• Bidar - How to reach Bidar

Read more here: » Bidar: Encyclopedia - Bidar

Obadiah ben Abraham of Bertinoro was a Jewish rabbi and a commentator on the Mishnah, commonly known as "The Bartenura" by Orthodox Judaism Talmud scholars. He lived in the second half of the fifteenth century in Italy; died in Jerusalem about 1500. He was a pupil of Joseph ben Solomon Colon (known as the Maharik), and became rabbi in Bertinoro, a town in the province ...

Including:

• Obadiah ben Abraham - Arrival in the land of Israel
• Obadiah ben Abraham - Influence in Palestine
• Obadiah ben Abraham - Literary Activity

Read more here: » Obadiah ben Abraham: Encyclopedia - Obadiah ben Abraham

The Burgundian School is a term used to denote a group of composers active in the 15th century in what is now eastern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, centered on the court of the Dukes of Burgundy. The main names associated with this school are Guillaume Dufay, Gilles Binchois, and Antoine Busnois. The Burgundian School was the first phase of activity of the Franco-Flemish School, the central musical practice of the Renaissance in Europe. Burgundian School - Background. In late Medieval and early Rena ...

Including:

• Burgundian School - Background
• Burgundian School - Composers
• Burgundian School - Musical style and forms
• Burgundian School - Manuscript sources
• Burgundian School - Burgundian Composers
• Burgundian School - References and further reading

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Rhetoric (from Greek ρήτωρ, rhêtôr, "orator") is one of the three original liberal arts or trivium (the other members are dialectic and grammar) in Western culture. In ancient and medieval times, grammar concerned itself with correct language use through the study and criticism of literary models, dialectic concerned itself with the testing and invention of new knowledge through a process of question and answer, and rhetoric concerned itself with persuasion in public and political settings such as assemblies and c ...

Including:

• Rhetoric - History
• Rhetoric - Introduction
• Rhetoric - Ancient Greece
• Rhetoric - Roman rhetoricians
• Rhetoric - Rhetoric from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment
• Rhetoric - Modern developments
• Rhetoric - Current state of rhetorical study
• Rhetoric - Rhetorical remedies

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Tobacco smoking is the act of smoking tobacco products, especially cigarettes and cigars. The practice of smoking tobacco originated among Native Americans in eastern North America, where tobacco is native. It was adopted by many Europeans following the colonization of the Americas. According to the World Health Organization, it is most common in east Asia, where as many as two-thirds of all adult males smoke tobacco. Because of concern over the health hazards of smoking, the practice has rapidly declined in recent years in the ...

Including:

• Tobacco smoking - History
• Tobacco smoking - Health effects
• Tobacco smoking - Smoking cessation
• Tobacco smoking - Moral aspects
• Tobacco smoking - Legal issues & Regulation
• Tobacco smoking - Notes

Read more here: » Tobacco smoking: Encyclopedia - Tobacco smoking

A cigar is a tightly rolled bundle of dried and fermented tobacco, one end of which is ignited so that its smoke may be drawn into the smoker's mouth or lungs. The word cigar is from the Spanish word cigarro, which the Oxford English Dictionary suggests is a variation on cigarra, Spanish for "cicada", due to its shape, especially that of what is now called the perfecto. Other sources have indicated that it may be derived from the ...

Including:

• Cigar - History
• Cigar - Origins
• Cigar - U.S. embargo on Cuba
• Cigar - Revival of interest
• Cigar - Manufacture
• Cigar - Composition
• Cigar - Wrappers
• Cigar - Fillers
• Cigar - Binders
• Cigar - Size and shape
• Cigar - Parejo
• Cigar - Figurado
• Cigar - Flavor
• Cigar - Popular culture
• Cigar - Health issues

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Human migration denotes any movement by humans from one locality to another, often over long distances or in large groups. Humans are known to have extensively migrated throughout history. This can be compared with the periodic migratory behaviour of groups of animals such as some birds and fishes (see migration). This article concentrates on the historical human migrations. Migration and population isolation is one of the four evolutionary forces (along with natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation). The study of the distribution of and change in allele (gene variations) frequencies under suc ...

Including:

• Human migration - Overview of historical migrations
• Human migration - Earliest migrations
• Human migration - Spread of Agriculture
• Human migration - Indo-European migrations
• Human migration - The Great Migrations
• Human migration - Other Old World migrations
• Human migration - Polynesian migration
• Human migration - Migrations to the New World
• Human migration - World War II and post-World War II Migrations
• Human migration - Migrations and climate cycles
• Human migration - Literature

Read more here: » Human migration: Encyclopedia - Human migration

A vernier scale lets one read more precisely from an evenly divided straight or circular measurement scale. It is fitted with a sliding secondary scale that is used to indicate where the measurement lies when it is in-between two of the marks on the main scale. It was invented in its modern form in 1631 by the French mathematician Pierre Vernier (1580–1637). In some languages, this device is called a nonius, which is the latin name of the Portuguese astronomer and mathematician P ...

Including:

• Vernier scale - Construction
• Vernier scale - Why a vernier scale works
• Vernier scale - Use
• Vernier scale - Examples

Read more here: » Vernier scale: Encyclopedia - Vernier scale

Conquistador (meaning "Conqueror" in the Spanish language) is the term used to refer to the soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who achieved the Conquista (this Spanish term is generally accepted by historians), i.e. brought much of the Americas and Asia Pacific under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 17th centuries. The Genoese Columbus's discovery of the New World in 1492 afforded Spain a head start in Colonization of the Americas, i.e. North, South America, continental Central and the Caribbean regions; the whole a ...

Including:

• Conquistador - Background
• Conquistador - History
• Conquistador - New World
• Conquistador - The Spanish Conquest in Asia - Pacific
• Conquistador - Debate on the Human Rights of Natives
• Conquistador - References in Media
• Conquistador - List of Famous Conquistadores and Explorers
• Conquistador - Additional Info

Read more here: » Conquistador: Encyclopedia - Conquistador