1444 - Events. March 1 - Gjergj Kastriot Skanderbeg proclaimed commander of the Albanian resistance April 16 - Truce of Tours. Five Year Truce between England and France August 26 - Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs in the Old Zürich War. Charles VII of France, seeking to send away troublesome troops made idle by the truce with England, sends his son the Dauphin with a large army into Switzerland to support the claims of Emperor Frederick III. The massively outnumbered Swiss force is destro ...

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Donato Bramante (1444 - March 11, 1514), Italian architect, who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, where his most famous design was St. Peter's Basilica. Bramante was born in a very small place near Urbino, where in the 1460s Francesco Laurana was adding to Federico da Montefeltro's ducal palace an arcaded courtyard and other features th ...

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Xanten is a town in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany, located in the district of Wesel. Xanten - Geography. Xanten is made up of three districts: Hochbruch, Niederbruch and the city centre. More localities, which belong to the city of Xanten, are divided into 6 urban districts: Birten, Lüttingen, Marienbaum, Vynen (with Obermörmter), Wardt (with Mörmter and Willich) and Xanten (with Beek and Ursel). Parts of a protected area called Bislicher Insel belong to the city. The city is limited ...

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This article is about a city in Bulgaria. See Varna (caste) for the Indian caste system. Varna (Bulgarian: Варна) is the third largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv, with a population of 350,000. It is the capital of Varna Province and an important port in the eastern part of the country, located on the Black Sea coast. It is referred to as the sea capital or the summer capital of Bulgaria. The city was named Stalin after the Soviet leader for a brief period from 1949 ...

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Jacques Cœur (c. 1395 – November 25, 1456, Chios), was a French merchant. He was one of the founders of the trade between France and the Levant. He was born at Bourges, in which city his father, Pierre Cœur, was a rich merchant. Jacques is first heard of about 1418, when he married Mace de Lodepart, daughter of Lambert de Lodepart, an influential citizen, provost of Bourges, and a former valet of John, duke of Berry. About 1429 he formed a commercial partnership with two brothers named Godard; and in 1432 he was at Damascus ...

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Saint Bernardino of Siena (sometimes Bernardine) (September 8, 1380 – May 20, 1444) was an Italian preacher, Franciscan missionary and Christian saint famous for the liveliness and effectiveness of his sermons, which stretched out for hours. Bernardino of Siena - Early life. He was born in 1380 in Massa, Italy to the noble Albizeschi family. He was orphaned at an early age and raised by a pious aunt. On the completion of his education he spent some years in the service of the sick in the hospitals. ...

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Amadeus VIII (1383 – November 7, 1451) surnamed the Peaceful was the Count of Savoy from 1391 to 1416 and was elevated by Emperor Sigismund to the Duke of Savoy in 1416. Amadeus was also the antipope Felix V from November 1439 to April 1449. He married Mary of Burgundy (1380-1422), daughter of Philip II, Duke of Burgundy and granddaughter of John II of France and had nine children: Margaret of Savoy (1405-1418) Anthony of Savoy (1407) Anthony of Savoy (1408) Margaret of Sa ...

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April 26 is the 116th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (117th in leap years). There are 249 days remaining. April 26 - Events. 1478 - The Pazzi attack Lorenzo de' Medici and kill his brother Giuliano during High Mass in the Florence Cathedral. 1607 - English colonists of the Jamestown settlement make landfall at Cape Henry, Virginia. 1865 - American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh S ...

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The Battle of St. Jakob an der Birs, fought near Basel in Switzerland on 26 August 1444, was a battle of the Old Zürich War. In 1443, the seven cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy invaded the canton of Zürich and besieged the city. Zürich had made an alliance with Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, who now appealed to Charles VII of France to send an army to relieve the siege. Charles, seeking to send away troublesome troops made idle by the truce with Henry VI of England in the Hundred Years' War, sent his son the D ...

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The Battle of Varna took place on November 10, 1444 near Varna in eastern Bulgaria. In this battle the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad II defeated the Polish and Hungarian armies under Wladislaus III of Poland (Władysław III Warneńczyk in Polish) and Janos Hunyadi. Battle of Varna - Prelude. After a failed expedition in 1441/1442 against Belgrade, the Ottoman sultan Murad II signed a ten-year truce with Hungary. After he had made peace with the Karaman Emirate in Anatolia in August 1444, he resigned th ...

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The Iguvine Tables were a series of seven bronze tablets discovered at Iguvium, contemporary Gubbio, in Italy in the year 1444. The earliest tablets were probably written in the 3rd century BC in the native Umbrian alphabet, the latest in the 1st century BC in the Latin alphabet. The tablets contain religious inscriptions that memorialize the acts and rites of the Atiedian Brethren, a group of 12 priests of Jupiter with important municipal functions at Iguvium. They are written in the Umbrian language, one of the Italic languag ...

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October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining, as the final day of October. October 31 - Events. October 31 is the day of halloween 475 - Romulus Augustus was proclaimed Roman Emperor. 1517 - Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther posts his 95 theses on the door of the [[Wittenberg Castle Church]]. 1587 - Leiden University Library opens its doors after its founding in 1575. ...

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1380 - Events. September 8 - Battle of Kulikovo - Russian forces under Grand Prince Dmitri Ivanovich of Moscow defeat a mixed army of Tatars and Mongols (the Golden Horde), stopping their advance at Kulikovo. September 16 - Charles V of France dies and is succeeded by his son Charles VI. Haakon VI of Norway dies and is succeeded by his son Olaf III of Denmark as Olaf IV of Norway. Iceland, as a part of Norway passes under the Danish crown. Including:

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1380s - Events and Trends. The Western Schism continues with Pope Urban VI and Avignon Pope Clement VII each considered by some to be the Pope. Richard II reigns in England and Charles VI reigns in France. Geoffrey Chaucer begins work on The Canterbury Tales A civil war in the Scandinavian part of Sweden brought unrest to Finland, too. As part of the Hundred Years War, the island of Jersey was attacked many times and was even occupied for a couple of years. Many ...

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1378 - Events. March - John Wyclif tried to gain public favour by laying his theses before parliament, and then made them public in a tract. He appeared before Simon of Sudbury at the episcopal palace at Lambeth to defend himself. April 9 - Pope Urban VI (Bartolomeo Prignano, archbishop of Bari) elected. In the Great Schism the papacy moves from Avignon to Rome, ending the Avignon Papacy. September 20 - Unhappy with Pope Urban's behavior, a group of cardinals meet at Fondi and elect Clemen ...

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1374 - Events. June 24 - Dancing mania begins in Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), possibly due to ergotism King Gongmin is assassinated and King U ascends to the Goryeo throne 1374 - Births. Jadwiga of Poland, Polish Monarch April 11 - Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (died 1398) Leonardo Bruni, Italian humanist (died 1444) Yuri IV, Russian grand prince (died 1434) Martin I of Sicily (died ...

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See also Orders of Chivalry in the British honours system After the failure of the crusades, the crusading military orders became idealized and romanticized, resulting in the late medieval notion of chivalry, as reflected in the Arthurian romances of the time. D'Arcy Boulton (1987) classifies the chivalric orders of the 14th and 15th centuries into the following categories: Monarchical Orders, with the presidency attached to a monarch. the Order of Saint George, founded by Charles I ...

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1386 - Events. Battle of Sempach: Swiss safeguard independence from Habsburg rule End of reign of Poland by Capet-Anjou family. Jagiello (Vladislav V) unites Lithuania and Poland. Dan I is succeeded as ruler of Wallachia by Mircea the Old. The Viking colony of Greenland submits itself to the Norwegian king. 1386 - Births. March 12 - Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese shogun (died 1428) June 24 - Giovanni da Capistrano, Italian s ...

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1404 - Events. June 14 - Owain Glyndwr of Wales allies with the French against the English and Henry Bolingbroke. Later he gains control of his country, declares himself Prince of Wales, and holds a parliament. Founding of the University of Turin. 1404 - Births. February 9 - Constantine XI, last Byzantine Emperor (died 1453) February 14 - Leone Battista Alberti, Italian painter, poet, and philosopher (died 1472) March 25 (baptism) - ...

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1514 - Events. March - Louis XII of France makes peace with Emperor Maximilian. July - Peace between England and France. September 8 - Battle of Orsha - In one of the biggest battles of the century, Belarussians and Poles defeat the Russian army. September 15 - Thomas Wolsey is appointed Archbishop of York. October 9 - marriage of Louis XII of France and Mary Tudor Albrecht Dürer makes his famous engraving Melancholia I. 1514 ...

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