1442

1442 - Events. The community of Rauma, Finland was granted its town rights. Vlad II Dracul is replaced as ruler of Wallachia by Mircea. 1442 - Births. April 28 - King Edward IV of England (died 1483) July 3 - Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado of Japan (died 1500) Tamás Bakócz, Hungarian archbishop (died 1521) Vannozza dei Cattani, mistress of Pope Alexander VI Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers (died 1483) John de ...

Including:

• 1442 - Events
• 1442 - Births
• 1442 - Deaths

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The Ashikaga shogunate (Japanese 足利幕府, Ashikaga bakufu, 1336–1573) was a feudal military dictatorship ruled by the shoguns of the Ashikaga family. This period is also known as the Muromachi period and gets its name from the Muromachi area of Kyoto where the third shogun Yoshimitsu established his residence. In part because the founder of the Ashikaga shogunate, Ashikaga Takauji, did so by siding with the Emperor against the previous Kamakura shogunate, the Ashikagas shared more of the governmental author ...

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The Battle of Varna took place on November 10, 1444 near Varna in eastern Bulgaria. In this battle the Ottoman Empire under Sultan Murad II defeated the Polish and Hungarian armies under Wladislaus III of Poland (Władysław III Warneńczyk in Polish) and Janos Hunyadi. Battle of Varna - Prelude. After a failed expedition in 1441/1442 against Belgrade, the Ottoman sultan Murad II signed a ten-year truce with Hungary. After he had made peace with the Karaman Emirate in Anatolia in August 1444, he resigned th ...

Including:

• Battle of Varna - Prelude
• Battle of Varna - Forces
• Battle of Varna - Aftermath
• Battle of Varna - Follow Up

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April 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 247 days remaining. April 28 - Events. 1253 - Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Nam Myoho Renge Kyo for the first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism. 1788 - Maryland becomes the 7th state to ratify the Constitution of the United States. 1789 - Mutiny on the HMS Bounty. Captain William ...

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• April 28 - Events
• April 28 - Births
• April 28 - Deaths
• April 28 - Holidays and observances

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August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. It is also the 1st day of Thoth - which is the 1st day of the Egyptian Horoscope. Thoth is the Ibis-headed god of knowledge. August 29 - Events. 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708). 1189- Ban Kulin wrote "The Charter of Kulin", which become a symbolic "birth certificate" of Bosnian stat ...

Including:

• August 29 - Events
• August 29 - Births
• August 29 - Deaths
• August 29 - Holidays and observances
• August 29 - Fictional

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Alexander VI, (Rodrigo Borgia) (January 1, 1431 – August 18, 1503) pope (1492-1503), is the most memorable of the secular popes of the Renaissance. He was born at Xàtiva, València, Spain, and his father's surname was Lanzol or Llançol; that of his mother's family, Borgia or Borja, was assumed by him on the elevation of his maternal uncle to the papacy as Callixtus III (April 8, 1455). Pope Alexander VI - Education and election. He studied law at Bologna and after his uncle's election he w ...

Including:

• Pope Alexander VI - Education and election
• Pope Alexander VI - Nepotism and opposition
• Pope Alexander VI - French involvement
• Pope Alexander VI - The French in retreat
• Pope Alexander VI - Confiscations and Savonarola
• Pope Alexander VI - Cesare in the North
• Pope Alexander VI - Last years
• Pope Alexander VI - Death and reputation
• Pope Alexander VI - Mistresses and family
• Pope Alexander VI - Representations in popular culture
• Pope Alexander VI - Books
• Pope Alexander VI - Television

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Taqi al-Din Ahmad ibn 'Ali ibn 'Abd al-Qadir ibn Muhammad al-Makrizi (or Maqrizi) (1364 - 1442), is an Arabian historian, known as al-Maqrizi because of his ancestral connection with Maqriz, a suburb of Baalbek.1 According to Paul E. Walker, A Mamluk historian and himself a Sunni, he is remarkable in this context for his unusually keen interest in the Ismaili Fatimid dynasty and ...

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• Al-Makrizi - Life
• Al-Makrizi - Writings
• Al-Makrizi - Reference

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- at 2002 - Density 63.4 inh/km² Alba Iulia (-Romanian, Hungarian: Gyulafehérvár, German: Karlsburg / Weißenburg) is a city in Alba county, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 66,369, located on the Mureş river. The city is historically important for both Hungarians and Romanians. Alba Iulia - Sights. The main historical area of Alba Iulia is the upper city, developed extensively by Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire. T ...

Including:

• Alba Iulia - Sights
• Alba Iulia - History

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Afonso V of Portugal (Portuguese pron. IPA /ɐ.'fõ.su/; English Alphonzo), or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), the African (Port. o Africano), 12th king of Portugal was born in Sintra in January 15, 1432 and died in the same city in August 28, 1481. He was the oldest son of king Duarte of Portugal by his wife, princess Eleanor of Aragon. Afonso V wa ...

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• Afonso V of Portugal - Afonso's marriages and descendants

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Bertold von Henneberg-Römhild (1442 - December 21, 1504) , elector and archbishop of Mainz, son of George, count of Henneberg, entered the ecclesiastical profession, and after passing through its lower stages, was made archbishop of Mainz in 1484. He appears to have been a firm supporter of law and order, an enemy of clerical abuses and a careful administrator of his diocese. Immediately after his election as archbishop he began to take a leading part in the business of the Empire, and in 1486 ...

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The Wittelsbach family is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. Wittelsbach - Reign in Germany. The Wittelsbach family was the ruling dynasty of the German duchy of Bavaria from 1180 to 1918 and of the Rhine Palatinate from 1214 until 1805; in 1815 the latter territory was partly incorporated into Bavaria, which had been elevated to a kingdom by Napoleon in 1806. The family provided two Holy Roman Emperors: Louis IV (1314-1347) and Charle ...

Including:

• Wittelsbach - Reign in Germany
• Wittelsbach - Reign outside Germany
• Wittelsbach - Other major members of the family
• Wittelsbach - External link

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List of cities and towns in Finland - Towns founded. Alajärvi (1986) Alavus (Alavo in Swedish) (1977) Anjalankoski (1977) Espoo (Esbo in Swedish) (1972) Forssa (1964) Haapajärvi (Aspsjö In Swedish) (1977) Haapavesi Hamina (Fredrikshamn in Swedish) (1653) Hanko (Hangö in Swedish) (1874) Harjavalta (1977) Heinola (1839) Helsinki (Helsingfors in Swedish) (1550) Huittinen (Vittis in Swedish) (1977)Including:

• List of cities and towns in Finland - Towns founded
• List of cities and towns in Finland - External link

Read more here: » List of cities and towns in Finland: Encyclopedia - List of cities and towns in Finland

Constantine XI Paleologus (sometimes numbered Constantine XII or Constantine XIII), also known as Constantine XI Dragases Paleologus (Gr. Κωνσταντίνος ΧΙ Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος - Konstantinos XI Dragases Palaiologos), (February 9, 1404 – May 29, 1453) was the last reigning emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1449 to his death. He was born in Constantinople, the eighth of ten children of Manuel II and Helena Dragas, the daughter of the Serbian prince Constantine of Serres. I ...

Including:

• Constantine XI - Bibliography

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Circumcision is the removal of some or all of the foreskin (prepuce) from the penis. The frenulum may also be removed at the same time, in a procedure called frenectomy. The word circumcision comes from Latin circum (meaning "around") and caedere (meaning "to cut"). Female circumcision is a term applied to a variety of procedures performed on the female genitalia. Except where specified, "circumcision" in this article should be taken as "male circumcision". Some opponents of this practice ...

Including:

• Circumcision - Reasons for circumcision
• Circumcision - Religious and cultural circumcision
• Circumcision - Medical circumcision
• Circumcision - Circumcision and body modification
• Circumcision - Risks of circumcision
• Circumcision - History of circumcision
• Circumcision - Circumcision in the Ancient World
• Circumcision - Circumcision in the Greco-Roman World
• Circumcision - Medical circumcision in the 19th century and early 20th century
• Circumcision - Circumcision since 1950
• Circumcision - Emotional impact of circumcision and non-circumcision
• Circumcision - Support groups
• Circumcision - Consent
• Circumcision - Religious circumcision of minors
• Circumcision - Prevalence of circumcision worldwide
• Circumcision - United States

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 - Ranked  - Density Campania is a region of Southern Italy, bordering on Lazio to the north-west, Molise to the north, Puglia to the north-east, Basilicata to the east, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. The region covers 13,595 km² and has a population of 5.7 million. The name derives from Latin, as it was called by Romans Campania felix ("fortunate countryside"), a name that is shared by the French province of Champagne.< ...

Including:

• Campania - History
• Campania - Demographics

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Breda is a municipality and a city in the southern part of the Netherlands. The rivers Mark and Aa come together here. The municipality of Breda consists of the following population centres: Bavel, Breda, De Rith, Effen, Eikberg, Ginneken, Hoeveneind, Kerkhoven, Kerkeind, Lies, Prinsenbeek, Roosberg, Zandberg, Strikberg, Teteringen, Ulvenhout. The rest of this article deals with the city of Breda alone. Breda - The city of Breda. Breda - Histor ...

Including:

• Breda - The city of Breda
• Breda - History
• Breda - Administration
• Breda - Economy
• Breda - Sights
• Breda - Transportation
• Breda - Miscellaneous

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Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – April 15, 1446) was a great Florentine architect of the Italian Renaissance. Filippo Brunelleschi - Overview. Wonderful Brunelleschi was trained as a sculptor in a Florentine workshop and was a member of the goldsmiths' guild. In the competition for the second set of doors for the Florentine Baptistry, he virtually tied with Ghiberti, who executed the famous "Doors of Paradise." He may have worked in Rome with his friend Donatello. His interests extended to math ...

Including:

• Filippo Brunelleschi - Overview
• Filippo Brunelleschi - Building the Dome
• Filippo Brunelleschi - Reference

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Ahmed Shah was a sultan of Gujarat's ruling Muzaffarid dynasty from 1411 until his death in 1442. He founded Ahmedabad and established it as his capital. Other related archives1411, 1442, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Muzaffarid dynasty, sultan

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1504 - Events. January 1 - French troops surrender Gaeta to the Spanish under Cordoba. January 31 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. February 29 - Christopher Columbus uses his knowldege of a lunar eclipse that night to convince Native Americans to provide him with supplies. Michelangelo Buonarroti finishes his sculpture of David - August 8 it is erected in Florence. Moldavia, Stephan III the Great fights against Turkey and Poland. Baber besieges and captures Kabul ...

Including:

• 1504 - Events
• 1504 - Births
• 1504 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1504: Encyclopedia - 1504

April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). There are 266 days remaining. April 9 - Events. 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans). 1241 - Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeats the Polish and German armies. 1667: First public art exhibition opens in Paris 1682 - Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it f ...

Including:

• April 9 - Events
• April 9 - Births
• April 9 - Deaths
• April 9 - Holidays and observances

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