1423 - Events. July 31 - Hundred Years War: Battle of Cravant - The French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne. August 23 - English with Burgundian soldiers defeat the French, who were supported by the Scots, at Verneuil. The English-Burgundian alliance was strengthened by the marriage of the Duke of Bedford to Anne of Burgundy. Anne was sister of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgandy. Philip the Good had allied Burgundy with England after his father was murdered in 1419 by the ...

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1423 - Events 1423 - Births 1423 - Deaths

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See also:

Piel Island, Piel Island - History, Piel Island - The Ship Inn, Piel Island - Modern day Piel Island

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Masaccio was born by Giovanni di Mone Cassai and Jacopa di Martinozzo in Castel San Giovanni di Altura, now San Giovanni Valdarno in the Tuscan province of Arezzo. His father was a notary and his mother the daughter of an innkeeper of Barberino di Mugello, a town a few miles south of Florence. His family name, Cassai, comes from the trade of his grandfather Simone and granduncle Lorenzo, who were carpenters - cabinet makers ("casse", hence "cassai"). His father died in 1406, when Tommaso was only five; in that year another brother was born, ...

See also:

Tommaso Masaccio, Tommaso Masaccio - Biography, Tommaso Masaccio - Legacy, Tommaso Masaccio - Main works

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April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). There are 267 days remaining in the year. April 8 - Events. 217 - Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated (and succeeded) by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus 1203 - Congress in Bilino Polje, where Ban Kulin officially declared his allegiance to the Catholic Church and denounced the heresy. 1730 - Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated.Including:

April 8 - Events April 8 - Births April 8 - Deaths April 8 - Holidays and observances

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The Ashikaga shogunate (Japanese 足利幕府, Ashikaga bakufu, 1336–1573) was a feudal military dictatorship ruled by the shoguns of the Ashikaga family. This period is also known as the Muromachi period and gets its name from the Muromachi area of Kyoto where the third shogun Yoshimitsu established his residence. In part because the founder of the Ashikaga shogunate, Ashikaga Takauji, did so by siding with the Emperor against the previous Kamakura shogunate, the Ashikagas shared more of the governmental author ...

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This article concerns the two antipopes Benedict XIV, claimants to the Papacy during the 15th century. Another Pope Benedict XIV, widely recognized as pope, reigned in the 18th century. Benedict XIV was the name used by two closely related minor antipopes of the 15th century. The first, Bernard Garnier became antipope in 1424 and died ca. 1429. The second, Jean Carrier, became antipope ca. 1430 and appar ...

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An antipope is one whose claim to being Pope is the result of a disputed or contested election. These antipopes were usually in opposition to a specific person chosen by the papal electors (since the Middle Ages, the College of Cardinals; in the twentieth century, their special secret meeting, called conclave, however applies the age limit for eligibility). Some self-appointed leaders of smaller churches are also called "antipopes." During certain periods of turbulence in the Roman Catholic Church, controversial Papal elections ...

Including:

Antipope - List of antipopes Antipope - Sedevacantist antipopes
Antipope - Antipopes of the 20th-21st centuries
Antipope - Sources an References

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The Renaissance, also known as "Il Rinascimento" (in Italian), was an influential cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution, religious reform and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern European history. It marks the transitional period between the end of the Middle Ages and the start of the Modern Age. The Renaissance is usually considered to have originated in the 14th century in northern Italy and begun in the late 15th century in northern Europe. Renaissance - Historiograph ...

Including:

Renaissance - Historiography
Renaissance - Multiple Renaissances Renaissance - Critical views
Renaissance - Start of the Renaissance Renaissance - Italian Renaissance Renaissance - Northern Renaissance

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Łódź (pronunciation: ˈwudʑ̥), the second-largest city (population 776,297 in 2004) of Poland, lies in the centre of the country. It serves as the capital of the Łódź Voivodship. In Polish, the word also means 'boat'. Łódź - History. Łódź - Agricultural Łódź. Łódź first appears in the written record in a document giving the village of Łodzia to the bishops of Włocławek in 1332. In ...

Including:

Łódź - History
Łódź - Agricultural Łódź Łódź - Industrial Łódź Łódź - After 1918 Łódź - World War II Łódź - After 1945 Łódź - Łódź today Łódź - Łódź for tourists Łódź - The Łódź Film School Łódź - Historical population Łódź - Famous people from Łódź
Łódź - Economy Łódź - Education Łódź - Politics
Łódź - Łódź constituency Łódź - Mayors
Łódź - Sports

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Blood libels were the false accusations that Jews used human blood, especially the blood of Christian children, in religious rituals. In many cases, anti-Semitic blood libels served as the basis for a blood libel cult, in which the alleged victim of human sacrifice was worshipped as a Christian martyr. The first recorded instance was in the writings of Apion, who claimed that the Jews sacrificed Greek victims in the Temple, but there were no other incidents recorded from the ancient Greeks until the 12th century, when blood lib ...

Including:

Blood libel against Jews - Descriptions of alleged ritual murder Blood libel against Jews - Actual Jewish practices regarding blood and sacrifice Blood libel against Jews - Famous instances
Blood libel against Jews - Alexandria first century CE Blood libel against Jews - England 1144 Blood libel against Jews - Belgium c. 1250 Blood libel against Jews - England 1255 Blood libel against Jews - Germany 1267 Blood libel against Jews - Alsace 1270 Blood libel against Jews - Germany 1286 Blood libel against Jews - Switzerland early 1400s Blood libel against Jews - Tyrol 1462 Blood libel against Jews - Trentino/Italian Tyrol 1475 Blood libel against Jews - Spain 1491 Blood libel against Jews - Hungary 1494 Blood libel against Jews - Hungary 1529 Blood libel against Jews - Syria 1840 Blood libel against Jews - Hungary 1882 Blood libel against Jews - Bohemia 1899 Blood libel against Jews - Russia 1911 Blood libel against Jews - Kielce 1946
Blood libel against Jews - Modern Blood libels
Blood libel against Jews - In Arab and Muslim nations Blood libel against Jews - In Russia
Blood libel against Jews - Views of the Catholic Church

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Benedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna, (b. Illueca, Aragon, 1328; d. Peñíscola, near Valencia, 1423) was an Aragonese, and is considered by many Roman Catholics an Antipope. Pedro de Luna was born at Illueca in Aragon (part of modern Spain) in 1328. He belonged to the de Luna family, who were part of the Spanish noblility. He studied law at the University of Montpellier, where he obtained his doctorate and later taught canon law. His knowledge of canon law, noble lineage and austere way of life won him the approval of Pope Gregory XI, who appointed de Luna to the position o ...

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Avignon Pope Benedict XIII - Sources

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The Wodeyar dynasty (also spelt as Wadiyar-by the British and the Royal family members themselves and also as Odeyar by some) was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Mysore from 1399 to 1947, until the independence of India from British rule and the subsequent unification of British dominions and princely states into the Republic of India. Wodeyar - Early History. The dynasty was established by Vijaya, who by some accounts came to Mysore from Dwaraka. Vijaya took on the name Yaduraya ...

Including:

Wodeyar - Early History Wodeyar - Expansion
Wodeyar - Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan
Wodeyar - Under British Rule Wodeyar - Wodeyar Rulers of Mysore Wodeyar - Curse on Wodeyars

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In the Roman Catholic Church, the Council of Siena (1423 - 1424) marked a somewhat inconclusive stage in the Conciliar movement that was attempting reforms in the church. In the Roman Catholic official List of ecumenical councils, the Council of Siena is no longer listed, as the conciliarism expressed there was later branded as a heresy. According to the terms of the Council of Constance (q.v.) calling for periodic ecumenical councils to discuss church policies, Pope Martin V convened a council at Pavia, which was hardly inaugurated on April 23, 1423, when plague broke out a ...

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Zawisza Czarny z Garbowa (Zawisza the Black from Garbów, also known as The Black Knight), (c.1379 in Garbów, Poland - 1428 in Golubac, Serbia), Sulima Coat of Arms, was a famous Polish mediæval knight and diplomat. Zawisza Czarny was a famous Polish knight, winner of many tournaments, a symbol of a knight and a model of all knightly virtues. His father was Biernat from Garbów, mother is unknown. His nickname certainly comes from his appearance and not like later believed from a black armor. He ...

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History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominations< ...

Including:

Ecumenical council - Council documents Ecumenical council - List of ecumenical councils
Ecumenical council - Councils #1 to #7 Ecumenical council - Councils #8 and #9 Ecumenical council - Councils #10 to #21 Councils of Rome
Ecumenical council - Acceptance of the councils
Ecumenical council - Mormonism: accept none Ecumenical council - Nontrinitarian churches: accept none Ecumenical council - The Assyrian Church: accept #1 and #2 Ecumenical council - Oriental Orthodoxy: accept #1 #2 and #3 Ecumenical council - Protestantism: accept #1-#7 with reservations Ecumenical council - Eastern Orthodoxy: accept #1-#7; some also accept #8eo #9eo Ecumenical council - Roman Catholicism: accept #1-#7 #8cor #9cor #10-#21

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Candaroğlu Beylik (sometimes referred to as Candar, Candaroğulları or İsfendiyaroğulları in Turkish) is an Anatolian Turkoman emirate that ruled in Kastamonu and Sinop regions and partly in Zonguldak, Samsun and Çankırı, between 1292 - 1461, in the Black Sea region of modern day Turkey. The founder of the beylik is Temür Yaman Candar (also known as Demir Yaman Candar); the beylik collapsed in 1461 when ...

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Candaroglu - History Candaroglu - Culture and economy Candaroglu - Military

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Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 – April 15, 1446) was a great Florentine architect of the Italian Renaissance. Filippo Brunelleschi - Overview. Wonderful Brunelleschi was trained as a sculptor in a Florentine workshop and was a member of the goldsmiths' guild. In the competition for the second set of doors for the Florentine Baptistry, he virtually tied with Ghiberti, who executed the famous "Doors of Paradise." He may have worked in Rome with his friend Donatello. His interests extended to math ...

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Filippo Brunelleschi - Overview Filippo Brunelleschi - Building the Dome Filippo Brunelleschi - Reference

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Johannes Bessarion, or Basilius (c. 1395-1472), titular patriarch of Constantinople, and one of the illustrious Greek scholars who contributed to the great revival of letters in the 15th century, was born at Trebizond, the year of his birth being variously given as 1389, 1395 or 1403. He was educated at Constantinople, and in 1423 went to the Peloponnese to hear Gemistus Pletho expound the philosophy of Plato. On entering the order of St Basil, he adopted the name of an old Egyptian anchorite Bessarion, whose story he ha ...

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Johannes Bessarion - Literature

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1494 - Events. January 25 - Alfonso II becomes King of Naples. May 31 - Natives of the island of Tenerife, known as Guanches, defeat invading Spanish forces at the First Battle of Acentejo. June 7 - Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divides the New World between the two countries. October 22 - Ludovico Sforza becomes Duke of Milan. Start of the Italian Wars. The University of Aberdeen is founded by the bishop of Aberdeen. Amda Seyon ...

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1494 - Events 1494 - Births 1494 - Deaths

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1500 - Events. Europe's population was ~60 million. (Spielvogel) January 5 - Duke Ludovico Sforza recaptures Milan, but is soon driven out again by the French. April 21 - Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral officially discovers Brazil and claims the land for Portugal. November 11 - Treaty of Granada - Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them. Emperor Go-Kashiwabara ascends to the throne o ...

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1500 - Events 1500 - Births 1500 - Deaths

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