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142 | A Wisdom Archive on 142 | | 142 A selection of articles related to 142 | |
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142, 142, 142 - Births, 142 - Deaths, 142 - Events
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 142 | | | |  142: Encyclopedia II - History of Northumberland - The Norman Invasion and its AftermathThe vigorous resistance of Northumbria to William the Conqueror was punished by ruthless harrying, mostly south of the River Tees. As recounted by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:
A.D. 1068. This year King William gave Earl Robert the earldom over Northumberland; but the landsmen attacked him in the town of Durham, and slew him, and nine hundred men with him. Soon afterwards Edgar Etheling came with all the Northumbrians to York; and the townsmen made a treaty with him: but King William came from the South unawares on them with a large army ...
See also:History of Northumberland, History of Northumberland - Ancient Northumberland, History of Northumberland - The Roman Occupation, History of Northumberland - Northumbria and The Anglian Kingdoms, History of Northumberland - Monastic Culture, History of Northumberland - The Earldom of Northumbria, History of Northumberland - The Norman Invasion and its Aftermath, History of Northumberland - Border Wars Reivers and Rebels, History of Northumberland - Union and Civil War, History of Northumberland - Industrial Development, History of Northumberland - 20th Century Politics and Culture Read more here: » History of Northumberland: Encyclopedia II - History of Northumberland - The Norman Invasion and its Aftermath |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1264-1294
Dade (大德 Dàdé) 1297-1307
Yanyou (延祐 Yányòu) 1314-1320
Zhihe (致和 Zhìhé) 1328
Zhishun (至順 Zhìshùn) 1330-1332
Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333-1335
Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1335-1340
Zhizheng (至正 Zhìzhèng) 1341-1368
Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1368-1370
Yuantong (元統 Yuántǒng) 1333-1335
Zhiyuan (至元 Zhìyuán) 1335-1340
Zhizheng (至正 Zhìzh ...
See also:Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - History of Northumberland - Union and Civil War After uniting the English and Scottish thrones, James VI and I sharply curbed the lawlessness of the border reivers and brought relative peace to the region.
During the Civil War of the 17th century, Newcastle was garrisoned for the king by the earl of Newcastle, but in 1644 it was captured by the Scots under the earl of Leven, and in 1646 Charles I was led there a captive under the charge of David Leslie.
Many of the chief North ...
See also:History of Northumberland, History of Northumberland - Ancient Northumberland, History of Northumberland - The Roman Occupation, History of Northumberland - Northumbria and The Anglian Kingdoms, History of Northumberland - Monastic Culture, History of Northumberland - The Earldom of Northumbria, History of Northumberland - The Norman Invasion and its Aftermath, History of Northumberland - Border Wars Reivers and Rebels, History of Northumberland - Union and Civil War, History of Northumberland - Industrial Development, History of Northumberland - 20th Century Politics and Culture Read more here: » History of Northumberland: Encyclopedia II - History of Northumberland - Union and Civil War |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Crypt - History Subscript numbers behind the names of most persons listed in this article are used to avoid confusion in cross-references due to the similarity or duplication of names over the many generations. A unique small index number appears with the name of every person buried in the Imperial Crypt. The number corresponds with that person's entry in the detailed listing of occupants of each Vault, to which it is hyperlinked. When necessary to establish continuity, a person buried elsewhere is assigned a number preceded by an x and then liste ...
See also:Imperial Crypt, Imperial Crypt - History, Imperial Crypt - The Sarcophagi, Imperial Crypt - Conservation of the Tombs, Imperial Crypt - Persons Buried Here, Imperial Crypt - The Founders' Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Ferdinand III's Family, Imperial Crypt - Empress Maria Theresia's Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Leopold II's Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Franz II's Family, Imperial Crypt - Tuscan Line, Imperial Crypt - Future Entombments, Imperial Crypt - The Vaults Read more here: » Imperial Crypt: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Crypt - History |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Crypt - Conservation of the Tombs Over the centuries, constant humidity, variations in temperature, and the host of visitors had taken a great toll on the sarcophagi. Corrosion craters, holes and tears had developed. Layers of the horizontal surfaces had peeled, base plates had broken through, decorative fixtures had been broken or stolen by visitors, the cast metal absorbed too much humidity and puffed up, and heavy covers had caused some sidewalls to bend or cave.
The first major restoration effort was undertaken in 1852, but further work was needed by 1956 when the ...
See also:Imperial Crypt, Imperial Crypt - History, Imperial Crypt - The Sarcophagi, Imperial Crypt - Conservation of the Tombs, Imperial Crypt - Persons Buried Here, Imperial Crypt - The Founders' Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Ferdinand III's Family, Imperial Crypt - Empress Maria Theresia's Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Leopold II's Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Franz II's Family, Imperial Crypt - Tuscan Line, Imperial Crypt - Future Entombments, Imperial Crypt - The Vaults Read more here: » Imperial Crypt: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Crypt - Conservation of the Tombs |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Crypt - The Sarcophagi The free-standing tombs are usually variations of either a flat-topped storage chest, or a tub with sloping sides and a convex lid of tapered decks. Ornamentation ranges from simple to elaborate.
Until far in the 1700s, the most common material for a sarcophagus here was a bronze-like alloy of tin, coated with shellac. The splendid tombs of the baroque and rococo eras are made of true bronze, a nobler and therefore more expensive material. Reforming Emperor Joseph II42 decreed simplified burial customs for the people, and i ...
See also:Imperial Crypt, Imperial Crypt - History, Imperial Crypt - The Sarcophagi, Imperial Crypt - Conservation of the Tombs, Imperial Crypt - Persons Buried Here, Imperial Crypt - The Founders' Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Ferdinand III's Family, Imperial Crypt - Empress Maria Theresia's Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Leopold II's Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Franz II's Family, Imperial Crypt - Tuscan Line, Imperial Crypt - Future Entombments, Imperial Crypt - The Vaults Read more here: » Imperial Crypt: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Crypt - The Sarcophagi |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - History of Northumberland - The Roman Occupation When Gnaeus Julius Agricola was appointed Roman governor of Britain in 78 AD, most of northern Britain was still controlled by native British tribes. During his governorship Agricola extended Roman control north of Eboracum (York) and into what is now Scotland. Roman settlements, garrisons and roads were established throughout the Northumberland region.
The northern frontier of the Roman occupation fluctuated between Pons Aelii (now Newcastle) and the Forth. Hadrian's Wall was completed by about 130 AD, to defend Roman-occupied lands ...
See also:History of Northumberland, History of Northumberland - Ancient Northumberland, History of Northumberland - The Roman Occupation, History of Northumberland - Northumbria and The Anglian Kingdoms, History of Northumberland - Monastic Culture, History of Northumberland - The Earldom of Northumbria, History of Northumberland - The Norman Invasion and its Aftermath, History of Northumberland - Border Wars Reivers and Rebels, History of Northumberland - Union and Civil War, History of Northumberland - Industrial Development, History of Northumberland - 20th Century Politics and Culture Read more here: » History of Northumberland: Encyclopedia II - History of Northumberland - The Roman Occupation |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Crypt - The Vaults The Imperial Crypt today consists of an interconnected series of ten subterranean vaulted rooms, built at various times as more space was needed.
The Founders' Vault
Leopold’s Vault
Karl's Vault
Maria Theresa's Vault
Franz's Vault
Ferdinand’s Vault
Tuscan Vault
New Vault
Franz Joseph's Vault
The Crypt Chapel
In 1960, with the various vaults overcrowded, a major rearrangement project began which resulted in the ...
See also:Imperial Crypt, Imperial Crypt - History, Imperial Crypt - The Sarcophagi, Imperial Crypt - Conservation of the Tombs, Imperial Crypt - Persons Buried Here, Imperial Crypt - The Founders' Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Ferdinand III's Family, Imperial Crypt - Empress Maria Theresia's Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Leopold II's Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Franz II's Family, Imperial Crypt - Tuscan Line, Imperial Crypt - Future Entombments, Imperial Crypt - The Vaults Read more here: » Imperial Crypt: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Crypt - The Vaults |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Roman conquest of Britain - Julius Caesar: 55 BC In 55 BC, Julius Caesar landed on the coast, perhaps in what was intended as a reconnaissance mission. During his campaigns in Gaul, as recorded in Gallic Wars, he had determined that the Gauls were receiving aid from Britain. Towards the end of the summer, he decided that it would be useful to get some reliable information about the people, localities and harbours of the island, since little useful information was available from the Gauls or the merchants who visited it. First he sent out Caius Volusenus in a ship of war to investiga ...
See also:Roman conquest of Britain, Roman conquest of Britain - Julius Caesar: 55 BC, Roman conquest of Britain - Julius Caesar: 54 BC, Roman conquest of Britain - Aborted invasions, Roman conquest of Britain - Aulus Plautius: AD 43, Roman conquest of Britain - The conquest continued, Roman conquest of Britain - Asclepiodotus : AD 296 Read more here: » Roman conquest of Britain: Encyclopedia II - Roman conquest of Britain - Julius Caesar: 55 BC |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Crypt - Future Entombments After the entombment of the last reigning Empress, Zita of Bourbon-Parma147 in 1989, it is unlikely that any other members of the Imperial House will receive permission to be buried here, although the body of the last reigning Emperor, Karl Ix887, would probably be welcomed if the family wishes to transfer it from Madeira.
Since 1971 members of the family who die during the exile are entombed in the crypt of the Loretto Chap ...
See also:Imperial Crypt, Imperial Crypt - History, Imperial Crypt - The Sarcophagi, Imperial Crypt - Conservation of the Tombs, Imperial Crypt - Persons Buried Here, Imperial Crypt - The Founders' Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Ferdinand III's Family, Imperial Crypt - Empress Maria Theresia's Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Leopold II's Family, Imperial Crypt - Emperor Franz II's Family, Imperial Crypt - Tuscan Line, Imperial Crypt - Future Entombments, Imperial Crypt - The Vaults Read more here: » Imperial Crypt: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Crypt - Future Entombments |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - List of Republican Roman Consuls - 3rd century BC 300 Marcus Valerius M.f. Corvus V, Quintus Appuleius Pansa
299 Marcus Fulvius Cn.f. Paetinus, Titus Manlius T.f. Torquatus, Suffect: Marcus Valerius M.f. Corvus VI
298 Lucius Cornelius Cn.f. Scipio Barbatus, Gnaeus Fulvius Cn.f. Maximus Centumalus
297 Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus IV, Publius Decius P.f. Mus III
296 Appius Claudius C.f. Caecus II, Lucius Volumnius C.f. Flamma Violens II.
295 Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus V, Publius Decius P.f. Mus IV
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See also:List of Republican Roman Consuls, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 6th century BC, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 5th century BC, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 4th century BC, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 3rd century BC, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 2nd century BC, List of Republican Roman Consuls - 1st century BC Read more here: » List of Republican Roman Consuls: Encyclopedia II - List of Republican Roman Consuls - 3rd century BC |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Liang Ji - As Grand Marshall under Emperors Chong and Zhi Emperor Shun died in [144]]. His infant son Liu Bing (劉炳), by Consort Yu, became emperor (as Emperor Chong), and Empress Liang became empress dowager and regent. Empress Dowager Liang appeared to be diligent in governing over the empire, and she trusted several key officials with integrity to advise her on important affairs. However, she also trusted her brother Liang Ji greatly, and Liang Ji used her position to further consolidate his own. However, she was willing to go against his advice on a number of occasions, and she, for example, protected the hones ...
See also:Liang Ji, Liang Ji - Family background and early career, Liang Ji - As Grand Marshall under Emperor Shun, Liang Ji - As Grand Marshall under Emperors Chong and Zhi, Liang Ji - As Grand Marshall under Emperor Huan, Liang Ji - Loss of power and death Read more here: » Liang Ji: Encyclopedia II - Liang Ji - As Grand Marshall under Emperors Chong and Zhi |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Liang Ji - Family background and early career Liang Ji was the oldest son of Liang Shang (梁商) -- a honest official who was also the Marquess of Chengshi, being the grandson of a brother of Consort Liang, the mother of Emperor He. His younger sister, Liang Na, became Emperor Shun's consort in 128, and was created empress in 132.
After Empress Liang became empress, Emperor Shun entrusted her father Liang Shang with great power. In 133, Emperor Shun offered to create Liang Ji a marquess, but Liang Shang humbly declined that honor on his son's behalf. In 135, Emperor Shun made Li ...
See also:Liang Ji, Liang Ji - Family background and early career, Liang Ji - As Grand Marshall under Emperor Shun, Liang Ji - As Grand Marshall under Emperors Chong and Zhi, Liang Ji - As Grand Marshall under Emperor Huan, Liang Ji - Loss of power and death Read more here: » Liang Ji: Encyclopedia II - Liang Ji - Family background and early career |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Bearsden - Population Bearsden is primarily a middle-class commuter suburb. The majority of its population live in detached houses, travelling into Glasgow each day to work or study. According to the 2001 census of Scotland, the area comprises 10,417 households, with a total population of 27,967. This is an increase of 0.6% (or 161 people) since 1991, when the population stood at 27,806. (There are an average of 2.64 people per household.) Of these, 8,306 are over 55 years old, 17,700 are in social class ABC1, and 6,052 are in social class C2DE. 73% of residents ...
See also:Bearsden, Bearsden - Transport links and physical layout, Bearsden - Population, Bearsden - History, Bearsden - Roman, Bearsden - Up to the 19th century, Bearsden - 20th century Read more here: » Bearsden: Encyclopedia II - Bearsden - Population |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Roman Britain - Sub-Roman Britain Britain came under increasing pressure from barbarian attack on all sides towards the end of the 4th century, and troops were too few to mount an effective defence. The army rebelled and, after elevating two disappointing usurpers, chose a soldier, Constantine III, to become Emperor in 407. He soon crossed to Gaul with an army, to be defeated by Theodosius I; it is unclear how many troops remained or ever returned, nor whether a commander-in-chief in Britain was ever reappointed. A Saxon incursion in 408 was apparently repelled by the Briton ...
See also:Roman Britain, Roman Britain - Early Roman contacts, Roman Britain - The Roman invasion, Roman Britain - Roman rule is established, Roman Britain - Occupation and retreat from southern Scotland, Roman Britain - Trade and industry, Roman Britain - The third century, Roman Britain - Government of Britannia, Roman Britain - The fourth century, Roman Britain - Town and country, Roman Britain - The end of Roman rule, Roman Britain - Religion, Roman Britain - Sub-Roman Britain, Roman Britain - The legacy Read more here: » Roman Britain: Encyclopedia II - Roman Britain - Sub-Roman Britain |
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| | | | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Aramaic language - Modern Aramaic Over four hundred thousand people speak Aramaic to this day. They are Jews, Christians, Muslims and Mandaeans, living in remote areas and preserving their traditions with printing presses, and now electronic media. The Modern Aramaic (or Neo-Aramaic) languages are now farther apart in their comprehension of one another than perhaps they have ever been. The last two-hundred years have not been good to Aramaic speakers. Instability throughout the Middle East has lead to a worldwide diaspora of Aramaic speakers. The year 1915 is especial ...
See also:Aramaic language, Aramaic language - Geographic distribution, Aramaic language - Aramaic languages and dialects, Aramaic language - Writing system, Aramaic language - History, Aramaic language - Old Aramaic, Aramaic language - Ancient Aramaic, Aramaic language - Imperial Aramaic, Aramaic language - Late Old Eastern Aramaic, Aramaic language - Late Old Western Aramaic, Aramaic language - Middle Aramaic, Aramaic language - Eastern Middle Aramaic, Aramaic language - Western Middle Aramaic, Aramaic language - Modern Aramaic, Aramaic language - Modern Eastern Aramaic, Aramaic language - Modern Western Aramaic, Aramaic language - Sounds, Aramaic language - Vowels, Aramaic language - Consonants, Aramaic language - Historical sound changes, Aramaic language - Grammar, Aramaic language - Background, Aramaic language - Writing systems, Aramaic language - Historical forms, Aramaic language - Literature, Aramaic language - Modern Aramaic languages Read more here: » Aramaic language: Encyclopedia II - Aramaic language - Modern Aramaic |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - The Emergence Within the first three months after Qin Dynasty emperor Qin Shi Huang's death at Shaqiu, widespread revolts by peasants, prisoners, soldiers and descendants of the nobles of the six Warring States sprang up all over China. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, two in a group of about 900 soldiers assigned to defend against the Xiongnu, were the leaders of the first rebellion. Continuous insurgence finally toppled the Qin dynasty in 206 BC. The leader of the insurgents was Xiang Yu, an outstanding military commander without political expertise, who divided the country i ...
See also:Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Importance, Han Dynasty - The Emergence, Han Dynasty - Taoism and Feudal System, Han Dynasty - Emperor Wu and Confucianism, Han Dynasty - Beginning of the Silk Road, Han Dynasty - Rise of landholding class, Han Dynasty - Interruption of Han rule, Han Dynasty - Rise and Fall of Eastern Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Sovereigns of Han Dynasty Read more here: » Han Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - The Emergence |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - Taoism and Feudal System The new empire retained much of the Qin administrative structure but retreated a bit from centralized rule by establishing vassal principalities in some areas for the sake of political convenience. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Gao (Liu Bang) divided the country into several "feudal states" to satisfy some of his wartime allies, though he planned to get rid of them once he had consolidated his power.
After his death, his successors from Emperor Hui to Emperor Jing tried to rule China combining Legalist methods wi ...
See also:Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Importance, Han Dynasty - The Emergence, Han Dynasty - Taoism and Feudal System, Han Dynasty - Emperor Wu and Confucianism, Han Dynasty - Beginning of the Silk Road, Han Dynasty - Rise of landholding class, Han Dynasty - Interruption of Han rule, Han Dynasty - Rise and Fall of Eastern Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Sovereigns of Han Dynasty Read more here: » Han Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - Taoism and Feudal System |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - Rise of landholding class To draw funds for his triumphant campaigns against the Xiongnu, Emperor Wu relinquished land control to merchants and the riches, and in effect legalized the privatization of lands. Land taxes were based on the sizes of fields instead of on income. The harvest could not always pay the taxes completely as incomes from selling harvest were often market-driven and a stable amount could not be guaranteed, especially not after harvest-reducing natural disasters. Merchants and prominent families then lured peasants to sell their lands since land a ...
See also:Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Importance, Han Dynasty - The Emergence, Han Dynasty - Taoism and Feudal System, Han Dynasty - Emperor Wu and Confucianism, Han Dynasty - Beginning of the Silk Road, Han Dynasty - Rise of landholding class, Han Dynasty - Interruption of Han rule, Han Dynasty - Rise and Fall of Eastern Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Sovereigns of Han Dynasty Read more here: » Han Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - Rise of landholding class |
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| | | | | 142: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - Beginning of the Silk Road From 138 BC, Emperor Wu also dispatched Zhang Qian twice as his envoy to the Western Regions, and in the process pioneered the route known as the Silk Road from Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province), through Xinjiang and Central Asia, and on to the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
Following Zhang Qian' embassy and report, commercial relations between China and Central as well as Western Asia flourished, as many Chinese missions were sent throughout the 1st century BC, initiating the development of the Silk Road:
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See also:Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Importance, Han Dynasty - The Emergence, Han Dynasty - Taoism and Feudal System, Han Dynasty - Emperor Wu and Confucianism, Han Dynasty - Beginning of the Silk Road, Han Dynasty - Rise of landholding class, Han Dynasty - Interruption of Han rule, Han Dynasty - Rise and Fall of Eastern Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Sovereigns of Han Dynasty Read more here: » Han Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - Beginning of the Silk Road |
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