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140 | A Wisdom Archive on 140 | | 140 A selection of articles related to 140 | |
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140, 140, 140 - Events
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO 140 | | | | |  140: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - OriginsThe Parthians were members of the Parni tribe, a nomadic people of Iranian origin, who spoke an Iranian language and entered the Iranian plateau from Central Asia. They were consummate horsemen, known for the 'Parthian shot': turning backwards at full gallop to loose an arrow directly to the rear. Later, at the height of their power, Parthian influence reached as far as Ubar in Arabia, the nexus of the frankincense trade route, where Parthian-inspired ceramics have been found. The power of the early Parthian empire seems to have been overestimated by some ancient histo ...
See also:Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Origins, Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Government, Parthian Empire - Contact with China, Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome, Parthian Empire - Expansion to India, Parthian Empire - Decline and fall, Parthian Empire - Parthian rulers, Parthian Empire - Etymololgy of Parthia Read more here: » Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Origins |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Marcionism - Teachings An ordained bishop of Sinope, Asia Minor, he declared that Christianity was distinct from and in opposition to Judaism. This was nothing new to the church of his contemporaries. Indeed, a great number of early church fathers attacked Judaism; for example, St John Chrysostom believed that the Jews "worship the devil." Marcion went much further. First, he rejected the whole Bible but the Gospel of Luke. Second, he adopted belief in two gods. One was good, the other was the Jewish god who wa ...
See also:Marcionism, Marcionism - History, Marcionism - Teachings, Marcionism - Criticisms, Marcionism - Footnotes Read more here: » Marcionism: Encyclopedia II - Marcionism - Teachings |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Primacy of the Roman Pontiff - Church held to be monarchical Monarchical means having the nature of a monarch, i.e. "status or power comparable to" "a sole and absolute ruler of a state" (OED). Pope St. Cornelius [11] d. A.D. 253, gave a detailed accounting of the structure of the Church at the time he was pope, and enquired in a seemingly rhetorical way, "[He], then, did not know that there must be one bishop in the Catholic Church. Yet he was not unaware — how could he be? — that in it there are ..." and thence follows the accounting (Denziger §45, Jurgens §546a). This came about because Novat ...
See also:Primacy of the Roman Pontiff, Primacy of the Roman Pontiff - Hierarchical church in first centuries, Primacy of the Roman Pontiff - Church held to be monarchical, Primacy of the Roman Pontiff - Primacy of Peter the apostle Read more here: » Primacy of the Roman Pontiff: Encyclopedia II - Primacy of the Roman Pontiff - Church held to be monarchical |
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| | | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC Alexander the Great had conquered the Persian Empire within a short time-frame and died young, leaving an expansive empire of partly Hellenized culture without adult heir. Therefore his generals (the Diadochi) thereupon jostled for supremacy over portions of his empire.
Seleucus, one of his generals, established himself in Babylon in 312 BC, used as the foundation date of the Seleucid Empire. He ruled over not only Babylonia, but the entire enormous eastern part of Alexander's Empire. Following his and Lysimachus's victory over Antigo ...
See also:Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC, Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain, Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival, Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration, Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay, Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers, Seleucid Empire - In modern media Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - Importance The Chinese people consider the Han Dynasty to be one of the greatest periods in the entire history of China. As a result, the members of the ethnic majority of Chinese people to this day still call themselves "people of Han," in honor of the Liu family and the dynasty they created.
During the Han Dynasty, China officially became a Confucian state and prospered domestically: agriculture, handicrafts and commerce flourished, and the population reached 50 million. Meanwhile, the empire extended its political and cultural influence over Vietnam, Central Asia, Mongolia, and Korea before it finally collapsed under a combi ...
See also:Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Importance, Han Dynasty - The Emergence, Han Dynasty - Taoism and Feudal System, Han Dynasty - Emperor Wu and Confucianism, Han Dynasty - Beginning of the Silk Road, Han Dynasty - Rise of landholding class, Han Dynasty - Interruption of Han rule, Han Dynasty - Rise and Fall of Eastern Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Sovereigns of Han Dynasty Read more here: » Han Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - Importance |
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| | | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome In 53 BCE, the Roman general Crassus invaded Parthia, but was defeated at the Battle of Carrhae by a Parthian commander called Surena in the Greek and Latin sources, most likely a member of the Sûrên clan. This was the beginning of a series of wars that were to last for almost three centuries.
The Parthian armies included two types of cavalry: the heavily-armed and armoured cataphracts and light brigades of mounted archers. For the Romans, who relied on heavy infantry, the Parthians were hard to defeat, as the cavalry was much faste ...
See also:Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Origins, Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Government, Parthian Empire - Contact with China, Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome, Parthian Empire - Expansion to India, Parthian Empire - Decline and fall, Parthian Empire - Parthian rulers, Parthian Empire - Etymololgy of Parthia Read more here: » Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Expansion to India Main article:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
Also during the 1st century BCE, the Parthians started to make inroads into eastern territories that had been occupied by the Indo-Scythians and the Yuezhi. The Parthians gained control of parts of Bactria and extensive territories in northern India, after defeating local rulers such as the Kushan Empire ruler Kujula Kadphises, in the Gandhara region.
Around 20 CE, Gondophares, one of the Parthian conquerors, declared his independence from the Parthian empire and established t ...
See also:Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Origins, Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Government, Parthian Empire - Contact with China, Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome, Parthian Empire - Expansion to India, Parthian Empire - Decline and fall, Parthian Empire - Parthian rulers, Parthian Empire - Etymololgy of Parthia Read more here: » Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Expansion to India |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Decline and fall The Armenian compromise served its purpose, but nothing in it covered the deposition of an Armenian king. After 110 CE, the Parthian king Vologases III dethroned the Armenian ruler, and the Roman emperor Trajan decided to invade Parthia in retaliation. War broke out in 114 CE and the Parthians were severely beaten. The Romans conquered Armenia, and in the following year, Trajan marched to the south, where the Parthians were forced to evacuate their strongholds. In 116 CE, Trajan captured Ctesiphon, and ...
See also:Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Origins, Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Government, Parthian Empire - Contact with China, Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome, Parthian Empire - Expansion to India, Parthian Empire - Decline and fall, Parthian Empire - Parthian rulers, Parthian Empire - Etymololgy of Parthia Read more here: » Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Decline and fall |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - List of wars and disasters by death toll - Deaths caused by natural disasters
List of wars and disasters by death toll - Earthquake.
830,000 - Shaanxi earthquake (China, 1556)
286,000 - Indian Ocean earthquake & tsunamis (outside Indonesia, 2004)
242,000 - Tangshan earthquake (China, 1976)
230,000 - Aleppo earthquake (Syria, 1138)
200,000 - Gansu earthquake (China, 1920)
200,000 - Xining earthquake (China, 1927)
200,000 - Damghan earthquake (Iran, 856)
150,000 - Ardabil earthquake (Iran, 893)
140,000 - Great ...
See also:List of wars and disasters by death toll, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Deaths caused by humans, List of wars and disasters by death toll - War and military action, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Genocide and democide, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Terrorism, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Murder by individuals other than through terrorism, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Human sacrifice and mass suicide, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Riot or political demonstration, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Deaths caused by natural disasters, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Earthquake, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Volcanic eruption, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Tsunami, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Limnic eruption, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Extreme weather, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Hurricane typhoon and tropical cyclone, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Floods, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Blizzards, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Contractible disease, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Famine, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Death from other causes, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Fire, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Explosion, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Coal mine disasters, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Aviation, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Maritime, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Space travel, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Sporting events, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Industrial accidents, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Stampedes and Panics, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Other accidents, List of wars and disasters by death toll - Nuclear accidents Read more here: » List of wars and disasters by death toll: Encyclopedia II - List of wars and disasters by death toll - Deaths caused by natural disasters |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Contact with China The Chinese explorer Zhang Qian, who visited the neighbouring countries of Bactria and Sogdiana in 126 BCE, made the first known Chinese report on Parthia. In his accounts Parthia is named "Ānxī" (Chinese: 安息), a transliteration of "Arsacid", the name of the Parthian dynasty. Zhang Qian clearly identifies Parthia as an advanced urban civilization, which he equates to those of Dayuan (in Ferghana) and Daxia (in Bactria).
"Anxi is situated several thousand li west of the region of the Great Yuezhi (in Transoxonia). Th ...
See also:Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Origins, Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Government, Parthian Empire - Contact with China, Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome, Parthian Empire - Expansion to India, Parthian Empire - Decline and fall, Parthian Empire - Parthian rulers, Parthian Empire - Etymololgy of Parthia Read more here: » Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Contact with China |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire Initially, ca. 250 BCE, a king named Arsaces established his dynasty's independence from Seleucid rule in remote areas of northern Iran in what is today known as Turkmenistan, where his descendants of the same name ruled until Antiochus III the Great briefly made them submit to Seleucid authority again in 206 BCE.
It was not until the 2nd century BCE that the Parthians were able to profit from the continuing erosion of the Seleucid Empire, gradually capturing all its territories east of Syria. Once the Parthians had gained Herat, the ...
See also:Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Origins, Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Government, Parthian Empire - Contact with China, Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome, Parthian Empire - Expansion to India, Parthian Empire - Decline and fall, Parthian Empire - Parthian rulers, Parthian Empire - Etymololgy of Parthia Read more here: » Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Government After the conquest of Media, Assyria, Babylonia and Elam, the Parthians had to organize their empire. The former elites of these countries were Greek, and the new rulers had to adapt to their customs if they wanted their rule to last. As a result, the cities retained their ancient rights and civil administrations remained more or less undisturbed. An interesting detail is coinage: legends were written in the Greek alphabet, a practice that continued until the 2nd century CE, when local knowledge of the language was in decline and few people ...
See also:Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Origins, Parthian Empire - The Parthian Empire, Parthian Empire - Government, Parthian Empire - Contact with China, Parthian Empire - Conflicts with Rome, Parthian Empire - Expansion to India, Parthian Empire - Decline and fall, Parthian Empire - Parthian rulers, Parthian Empire - Etymololgy of Parthia Read more here: » Parthian Empire: Encyclopedia II - Parthian Empire - Government |
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| | | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay After the death of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the Seleucid Empire became increasingly unstable. Frequent civil wars made central authority tenuous at best. Epiphanes' young son, Antiochus V Eupator, was first overthrown by Seleucus IV's son, Demetrius I Soter in 161 BC. Demetrius I attempted to restore Seleucid power in Judea particularly, but was overthrown in 150 BC by Alexander Balas -- an impostor who (with Egyptian backing) claimed to be the son of Epiphanes. Alexander Balas reigned until 145 BC, when he was overthrown by Demetrius I's son ...
See also:Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC, Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain, Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival, Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration, Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay, Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers, Seleucid Empire - In modern media Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire By 100 BC, the once formidable Seleucid Empire encompassed little more than Antioch and some Syrian cities. Despite the clear collapse of their power, and the decline of their kingdom around them, nobles continued to play kingmakers on a regular basis, with occasional intervention from Ptolemaic Egypt and other outside powers. The Seleucids existed solely because no other nation wished to absorb them -- seeing as they constituted a useful buffer between their other neighbours. In the wars in Anatolia between Mithridates VI of Pontus and Sulla of Ro ...
See also:Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC, Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain, Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival, Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration, Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay, Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers, Seleucid Empire - In modern media Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - In modern media The Seleucid Empire is one of a number of factions in the 2004 PC game Rome: Total War.
The Jewish revolt Maccabee who expelled the Seleucid, are given name to an Israel Basketball team from Tel Aviv in present day.
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See also:Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC, Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain, Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival, Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration, Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay, Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers, Seleucid Empire - In modern media Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - In modern media |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - Rise and Fall of Eastern Han Dynasty A distant relative of Liu royalty, Liu Xiu, led the revolt against Wang Mang with the support of the landholding families and merchants. He "re-established" the Han Dynasty at Luoyang, which would rule for another 200 years, and became Emperor Guangwu.
In 105, during Eastern Han Dynasty, an official and inventor named Cai Lun invented the technique for making fine paper. The invention of paper is considered a revolution in comm ...
See also:Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Importance, Han Dynasty - The Emergence, Han Dynasty - Taoism and Feudal System, Han Dynasty - Emperor Wu and Confucianism, Han Dynasty - Beginning of the Silk Road, Han Dynasty - Rise of landholding class, Han Dynasty - Interruption of Han rule, Han Dynasty - Rise and Fall of Eastern Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty - Sovereigns of Han Dynasty Read more here: » Han Dynasty: Encyclopedia II - Han Dynasty - Rise and Fall of Eastern Han Dynasty |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration But Antiochus' glory was not to last for long. Following his erstwhile ally Philip's defeat at the hands of Rome in 197 BC, Antiochus now saw the opportunity for expansion into Greece. Encouraged by the exiled Carthaginian general Hannibal, and making an alliance with the disgruntled Aetolian League, Antiochus invaded Greece. Unfortunately, this decision led to his downfall: he was defeated by the Romans at Thermopylae (191 BC) and Magnesia (190 BC), and was forced to make peace with the Romans by the embarrassing Treaty of Apamia (188 BC) - ...
See also:Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC, Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain, Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival, Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration, Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay, Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers, Seleucid Empire - In modern media Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration |
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| | | | | 140: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival By the time Antiochus II's son Seleucus II Callinicus came to the throne around 246 BC, the Seleucids seemed to be at a low ebb indeed. Aside from the secessions of Parthia and Bactria, Seleucus II was soon dramatically defeated in the Third Syrian War against Ptolemy III of Egypt, then had to fight a civil war against his own brother Antiochus Hierax. In Asia Minor too, the Seleucid dynasty seemed to be losing control -- Gauls had fully established themselves in Galatia, semi-independent semi-Hellenized kingdoms had sprung up in Bithynia, Pontus, and Cappadocia, and the city of Pergamum in the west wa ...
See also:Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - The partition of Alexander's empire 323-281 BC, Seleucid Empire - An overextended domain, Seleucid Empire - Greco-Bactrian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Parthian secession 250 BC, Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival, Seleucid Empire - The power of Rome and renewed disintegration, Seleucid Empire - Civil war and further decay, Seleucid Empire - Collapse of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucid Empire - Seleucid rulers, Seleucid Empire - In modern media Read more here: » Seleucid Empire: Encyclopedia II - Seleucid Empire - Eclipse and revival |
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