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1396: Encyclopedia - 1396
1396 - Events.
September 25 - Bayazid I defeats Sigismund of Hungary and John of Nevers at the Battle of Nicopolis.
The Ottomans captu...
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1361: Encyclopedia - 1361
1361 - Events.
Founding of the University of Pavia, Italy.
1361 - Births.
February 26 - Wenceslaus, King of the Romans, King of Bo...
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County Of Tripoli: Encyclopedia Ii - County Of Tripoli - History
The beginnings of the County came in 1102, when Count Raymond IV of Toulouse, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, began a lengthy wa...
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Constantine Of Preslav: Encyclopedia - Constantine Of Preslav
Constantine of Preslav (Konstantin Preslavski) was a medieval Bulgarian scholar, writer and translator, one of the most important men of ...
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Avignon Pope Benedict Xiii: Encyclopedia - Avignon Pope Benedict Xiii
Benedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna, (b. Illueca, Aragon, 1328; d. Peñíscola, near Valencia, 1423) was an Aragonese, and is con...
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1390s: Encyclopedia - 1390s
1390s - Events and Trends.
1392
Korean founder of the Joseon Dynasty General Yi Seonggye led a coup d'état, overthrowing the kingdom ...
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Jew: Encyclopedia - Jew
Jew - Usage note.
Some uses of the term "Jew" are tainted by historic anti-Jewish bigotry. The correct adjectival form is "Jewish"; the...
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Bogomilism: Encyclopedia - Bogomilism
Bogomilism is the Gnostic dualistic sect, the synthesis of Armenian Paulicianism and local Slavonic Church reform movement in Bulgaria be...
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Emperor: Encyclopedia - Emperor
An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress is the feminine form ...
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Bulgarians: Encyclopedia - Bulgarians
Albania: 5,000
Argentina: 30,0004
Austria: 50,0003
Canada: 15,1951 (2001) - 150,0004
Czech Republic: 10,0003
France: 20,0003
Germany: 120...
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Geoffrey Chaucer: Encyclopedia - Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – October 25, 1400) was an English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat (courtier), and diplomat. Chaucer is...
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Wokou: Encyclopedia - Wokou
Wōkòu (Chinese: 倭寇; Japanese pronunciation: wakō; Korean pronunciation: 왜구 waegu) were pirates who raided the coastlines of Ch...
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Viterbo: Encyclopedia - Viterbo
Viterbo is an ancient town and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of Viterbo province. It is approximately 100 kilo...
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Tsar: Encyclopedia - Tsar
Tsar (Bulgarian and Serbian цар, Russian царь ▶ (help·info)), often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English),...
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Vidin: Encyclopedia - Vidin
22° 52' east
Vidin (Bulgarian: Видин, Romanian: Vidin) is a town on the southern bank of the Danube in northwestern Bulgaria. It is...
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County Of Tripoli: Encyclopedia - County Of Tripoli
The County of Tripoli was the last of the four major Crusader states in the Levant to be created. Some prominent cities that were part of...
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Charles Iv Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia - Charles Iv Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV (May 14, 1316 – 29 November 1378), of the House of Luxembourg, King of the Romans (as Charles (Karl) IV, 1344 – 1378), Hol...
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Melaka: Encyclopedia - Melaka
Malacca (Jawi: ملاك; Malay: Melaka) (Malaysian state code : MK), (transport code : M), is the second smallest state in Mala...
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1456: Encyclopedia - 1456
1456 - Births.
March 1 - King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (died 1516)
June 11 - Anne Neville, queen of Richard III of England ...
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1458: Encyclopedia - 1458
1458 - Events.
January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary
Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford
George of...
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1450: Encyclopedia - 1450
1450 - Events.
March - French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset...
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1446: Encyclopedia - 1446
1446 - Events.
Mehmed II Sultan of the Ottoman Empire is forced to abdicate in favor of his father Murad II by the Janissaries.
The Po...
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1421: Encyclopedia - 1421
1421 - Events.
March 21 - Battle of Beaugé. A small French force surprises and defeats an English force under Thomas, Duke of Clarenc...
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1467: Encyclopedia - 1467
1467 - Events.
October 29 - Battle of Brusthem: Charles the Bold defeats Liege
Beginning of the Sengoku Period in Japan.
Circa this ye...
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1491: Encyclopedia - 1491
1491 - Births.
June 28 - King Henry VIII of England (died 1547)
October 26 - Zhengde Emperor of China (died 1521)
November 8 - Teofilo...
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Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Russia
In 1547, Ivan IV of Russia, of the Moscovian dynasty, changed his title from "Veliki Kniaz (Grand Duke) of the whole Rus" to "tsar of the...
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Bulgarians: Encyclopedia Ii - Bulgarians - Culture
Bulgarians - Contribution to humanity.
Medieval Bulgaria was the most important cultural centre of the Slavs at the end of the 9th and ...
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Viterbo: Encyclopedia Ii - Viterbo - History
Although Viterbo is very ancient, its precise origins are unknown. According to the notorious forger, Annio of Viterbo, it originated as ...
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Melaka: Encyclopedia Ii - Melaka - History
Melaka - Sultanate of Malacca.
Malacca was founded by Parameswara, a Srivijayan prince who left Sumatra in 1396 in order to further his...
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Wokou: Encyclopedia Ii - Wokou - Later Wokou Raids
The 1550s and 1660s saw a resurgence of the Wokou tide. The period of greatest Wokou activity was during the Jiajing and Wanli eras, also...
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Bogomilism: Encyclopedia Ii - Bogomilism - Doctrine
From the imperfect and conflicting data which are available one positive result can be gathered: that the Bogomils were both Adoptionists...
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St Albans Cathedral: Encyclopedia Ii - St Albans Cathedral - History Of The Abbey And Cathedral
A memoria over the execution point and holding the remains of Alban existed at the site from the mid-300s (possibly earlier), Bede mentio...
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Algirdas: Encyclopedia Ii - Algirdas - Background
Algirdas was one of the seven sons of the famous grand duke Gediminas among whom on his death in 1341 he divided his domains, leaving the...
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Anglo-norman Literature: Encyclopedia Ii - Anglo-norman Literature - Narrative Literature
Anglo-Norman literature - Epic and romance.
The French epic came over to England at an early date. It is believed that the Chanson de R...
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Švitrigaila: Encyclopedia Ii - Švitrigaila - Relatives
Švitrigaila - Mother.
Ulyana of Tver 1350 (ca 1325 – 1392)
Švitrigaila - Father.
Olgierd (ca 1296 – end of May 1377), Grand ...
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Rise Of The Ottoman Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Rise Of The Ottoman Empire - Murad Ii
Murad spent his early years on the throne disposing off rivals and rebellions, most notably the revolts of the Serbs. In 1423 he paid a s...
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Silistra: Encyclopedia Ii - Silistra - History
Founded as a Roman fortress named Durostorum in 29 AD, the settlement became an important military centre of Moesia and grew into a city ...
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Richard Ii Of England: Encyclopedia Ii - Richard Ii Of England - Second Crisis Of 1397-99 And Richard's Deposition
In 1397 Richard decided to rid himself of the Lords Appellant who were confining his power, on the pretext of an aristocratic plot. Richa...
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Perth Scotland: Encyclopedia Ii - Perth Scotland - History
There has been a settlement at Perth since prehistoric times, with evidence of a hut, a midden and a basic canoe dated to around 7000 BC....
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Pavia: Encyclopedia Ii - Pavia - History
Dating back to pre-Roman times, the town of Pavia (then known as Ticinum Papiæ) was a municipality and an important military site under ...
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Knights Hospitaller: Encyclopedia Ii - Knights Hospitaller - History
Knights Hospitaller - Foundation and early history.
In 600, Abbot Probus was commissioned by Pope Gregory the Great to build a hospital...
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List Of Bulgarian Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Bulgarian Monarchs - List Of Bulgarian Rulers
List of Bulgarian monarchs - Legendary rulers.
Avitokhol (Attila) (153–453) (according to history, (445–453)
Ernakh (453–603) (a...
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List Of Norwegian Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Norwegian Monarchs - The Norwegian Kingdom Ca 890-1319
Note that the early dates are traditional and of uncertain accuracy
Kings of the Fairhair dynasty:
Harald Fairhair Harald Hårfagre ...
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July 31: Encyclopedia Ii - July 31 - Deaths
July 31 - 1900 to Present.
1914 - Jean Jaurès, French politician (d. 1859)
1917 - Francis Ledwidge, Irish poet (b. 1881)
1944 - Antoi...
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John Of Gaunt 1st Duke Of Lancaster: Encyclopedia Ii - John Of Gaunt 1st Duke Of Lancaster - Duke Of Lancaster
Upon the death of his father-in-law Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, he received half of Henry's lands, the title Earl of Lancas...
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Trial By Combat: Encyclopedia Ii - Trial By Combat - European Origins
In Europe, at least, it would appear to be a Germanic custom. It was in use among the ancient Geats, Goths, Swedes, and Franks, but it wa...
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List Of Finnish Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Finnish Monarchs - Swedish Rulers In Finland
Swedish influence in Finland was considerable in pre-Christian times. The Vikings were known to Finns both due to their participation in ...
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List Of Swedish Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Swedish Monarchs - Monarchs Regents And Viceroys Of Sweden
For lists of the prehistoric kings of Sweden see
Mythological kings of Sweden
Semi-legendary kings of Sweden
List of Swedish monarchs ...
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Nicolas Eymeric: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolas Eymeric - Life
Nicolas Eymeric - Education and early tenure as Inquisitor General.
Nicolas Eymeric was born in Gerona c. 1320. He entered the local mo...
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Ottoman Wars In Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Ottoman Wars In Europe - History
Ottoman wars in Europe - 1300s-1456: Ottoman Expansion into Europe.
After striking a blow to the weakened Byzantine Empire in 1356 (see...
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New Rome: Encyclopedia Ii - New Rome - New Rome In The East
New Rome - Byzantium.
As Nova Roma, Byzantine writers contrasted their city from the "old" Rome by pointing out how Byzantium (Constant...
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Medieval University: Encyclopedia Ii - Medieval University - Origins
With the increasing professionalization of society during the 12th and 13th centuries, a similar demand grew for professional clergy. Pri...
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List Of Historians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Historians - Modern Historians After 1900
List of historians - A.
Irving Abella, Canadian historian & author
Robert G. Albion, maritime history
Gar Alperovitz, American his...
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Marshal Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Marshal Of France - Bourbons
Marshal of France - Eleven Marshals created by Henry IV between 1592 and 1602.
1592
Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, ...
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Battle Of Nicopolis: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of Nicopolis - Background
There were many minor crusades in the 14th century, undertaken by individual kings or knights. Most recently there had been a failed crus...
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Breckerfeld: Encyclopedia Ii - Breckerfeld - Geography
Breckerfeld is a rural communinity in a hilly area. The weather around the city is generally cool with a substantial amount of rain. The ...
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Romania In The Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - Romania In The Middle Ages - Ottoman Age
In the 14th century, the Ottoman Turks expanded their empire from Anatolia to the Balkans. They crossed the Bosporus in 1352 and defeated...
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Shkodër: Encyclopedia Ii - Shkodër - History
Shkodër - Archaic.
Shkodër was founded around the 4th century BC. This was the site of the Illyrian tribe Labeates as well as the cap...
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Principality Of Achaea: Encyclopedia Ii - Principality Of Achaea - The Feudal Conflict Of Morea 1307-1383
The main picture of this century-long situation: The Principality was under violent succession dispute. That originated from dispossessed...
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Ottoman Wars In Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Ottoman Wars In Europe - History
Ottoman wars in Europe - 1300s-1456: Ottoman Expansion into Europe.
After striking a blow to the weakened Byzantine Empire in 1356 (see...
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List Of Finnish Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Finnish Monarchs - Swedish Rulers Of Finland
Swedish influence in Finland was considerable in pre-Christian times. The Vikings were known to Finns both due to their participation in ...
» Read the article
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Melaka: Encyclopedia Ii - Melaka - History
Melaka - Sultanate of Malacca.
Malacca was founded by Parameswara, a Srivijayan prince who left Sumatra in 1396 in order to further his...
» Read the article
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Shkodër: Encyclopedia Ii - Shkodër - History
Shkodër - Archaic.
Shkodër was founded around the 4th century BC. This was the site of the Illyrian tribe Labeates as well as the cap...
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South West Trains: Encyclopedia Ii - South West Trains - Rolling Stock Notes
South West Trains - Desiro fleet.
The introduction of Desiro rolling stock built by Siemens was to replace the old slam-door trains whi...
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William De Ros 7th Baron De Ros: Encyclopedia Ii - William De Ros 7th Baron De Ros - Career
His older brother died heirless in Pathos, Cyprus during 1394. William was already a Knight and inherited the rank and privileges of his ...
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Zadar: Encyclopedia Ii - Zadar - History
In the 9th century BC Iader was settled by the Liburnians, a tribe of Illyrians. After 59 BC Iadera became a Roman municipium, and in 48 ...
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Wallachia: Encyclopedia Ii - Wallachia - History
Beginning with the 10th century, Byzantine, Bulgarian, Slavic and Hungarian sources, and later Western ones mention the existence of smal...
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History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Dark Ages And The Great Migrations
History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples.
Western Huns empire stretched in 434 AD from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Dan...
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Târgovişte: Encyclopedia Ii - Târgovişte - History
First attested in 1396, in the "Travel Memories" of Johannes Schiltberger, it became the capital of the Wallachian voivodship, probably d...
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History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Dark Ages And The Great Migrations
History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples.
Western Huns empire stretched in 434 AD from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Dan...
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Władysław Ii Jagiełło: Encyclopedia Ii - Władysław Ii Jagiełło - Biography
Jogaila (or Jagiełło) was from the Gediminid dynasty of dukes and grand dukes of Lithuania. His father was Algirdas (or Olgierd, ruled ...
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List Of Swedish Monarchs: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Swedish Monarchs - Monarchs Regents And Viceroys Of Sweden
For lists of the prehistoric kings of Sweden see
Mythological kings of Sweden
Semi-legendary kings of Sweden
List of Swedish monarchs ...
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List Of Historians: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Historians - Modern Historians After 1900
List of historians - A.
Irving Abella, Canadian historian & author
Robert G. Albion, maritime history
Gar Alperovitz, American his...
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History Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Norway - Independent Monarchy
Norway's kings (Norges Konge is the official style) in modern times, with periods of reign, are:
Haakon VII (1905-1957)
Olav V (1957-199...
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Ernest Duke Of Bavaria: Encyclopedia Ii - Ernest Duke Of Bavaria - Life
Ernest was a son of John II and ruled the duchy of Bavaria-Munich together with his brother William III after he restrained uprisings of ...
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Philip Iii Duke Of Burgundy: Encyclopedia Ii - Philip Iii Duke Of Burgundy - Family And Early Life
Born in Dijon, he was the son of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria-Straubing. On the 28th of January 1405, he was named Count of ...
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Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Russia
In 1547, Ivan IV of Russia, of the Moscovian dynasty, changed his title from "Veliki Kniaz (Grand Duke) of the whole Rus" to "tsar of the...
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Dongdaemun: Encyclopedia Ii - Dongdaemun - Shopping District
Today, the area around Dongdaemun includes upmarket shopping districts.
Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. D...
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Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish History - Jewish History By Country Or Region
The experience of the Jews varied from country to country and from time to time. Extensive main articles exist about many areas of Jewish...
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Władysław Ii Jagiełło: Encyclopedia Ii - Władysław Ii Jagiełło - Biography
Jogaila was from the Gediminid dynasty of dukes and grand dukes of Lithuania. His father was Algirdas (or Olgierd, ruled 1345-1377), duke...
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Kanem-bornu Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Kanem-bornu Empire - From Kanem To Bornu
By the end of the 14th century, internal struggles and external attacks had torn Kanem apart. Between 1376 and 1400, six mais reigned, bu...
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Kartids: Encyclopedia Ii - Kartids - 1331-1370
Four years after Mu'izzu'd-Din's ascension, the Ilkhan Abu Sa'id died, following which the Ilkhanate quickly fragmented. Mu'izzu'd-Din, f...
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John Of Rokycan: Encyclopedia Ii - John Of Rokycan - Life
In his youth, John of Rokycan entered the Augustine monastery in Rokycany. Later, he left the monastery to study in Prague, gaining his b...
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John Duke Of Burgundy: Encyclopedia Ii - John Duke Of Burgundy - Family And Early Life
In 1385, John married Margaret of Bavaria, daughter of Albrecht of Bavaria, Count of Holland and Hainaut, to consolidate his position in ...
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Johann Schiltberger: Encyclopedia Ii - Johann Schiltberger - Writings
Schiltberger's Reisebuch contains not only a record of his own experiences and a sketch of various chapters of contemporary Eastern histo...
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Jew: Encyclopedia Ii - Jew - History Of The Jews
Jew - Jews and migrations.
Throughout Jewish history, Jews have repeatedly been directly or indirectly expelled from both their origina...
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Vidin: Encyclopedia Ii - Vidin - History
Vidin emerged at the place of an old Celtic settlement known as Dunonia, where a Roman fortified town called Bononia was later constructe...
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Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor - Historical Development
Emperor - Europe.
In the Roman tradition a large variety in the meaning and importance of the Imperial form of monarchy developed: in ...
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Geoffrey Chaucer: Encyclopedia Ii - Geoffrey Chaucer - Historical Reception And Representation
Geoffrey Chaucer - Manuscripts.
As early as 1400, Chaucer's courtly audience grew to include members of the rising literate, middle and...
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Irish Battles: Encyclopedia Ii - Irish Battles - Late Medieval Battles
Irish battles - Bruce Wars in Ireland.
1316 - Second Battle of Athenry
1318 - Battle of Dysert O'Dea
1318 - Battle of Faughart
132...
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History Of The Balkans: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Balkans - The Dark Ages And The Great Migrations
History of the Balkans - Nomadic peoples.
Western Huns empire stretched in 434 AD from Central Europe to the Black Sea and from the Dan...
» Read the article
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History Of Scotland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Scotland - Prehistoric Settlement
For more detail on this period see Prehistoric Scotland.
People lived in Scotland for at least 8500 years before recorded history dealt w...
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Charles Iv Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Iv Holy Roman Emperor - Life
From 1333 Charles started to administer his father's Crown lands due to the King's often absence and in 1334 he became Margrave of Moravi...
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History Of Galway: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Galway - Alternative Derivations Of The Name
The city takes its name from that of the river1, the Gaillimh. The word Gaillimh means "stony" as in "stony river". Today, the river is c...
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France In The Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - France In The Middle Ages - Medieval France And The French
France in the Middle Ages - Geography.
Discussion of the size of France in the Middle Ages is complicated by distinctions between lands...
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Charles Iv, Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Iv, Holy Roman Emperor - Life
From 1333 Charles started to administer his father's Crown lands due to the King's often absence and in 1334 he became Margrave of Moravi...
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Charles Iv, Holy Roman Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Iv, Holy Roman Emperor - Family And Children
Charles married four times. His first wife was Blanche, 1316–1348), daughter of Charles, Count of Valois, a half-sister of Philip VI of...
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History Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Norway - Union With Sweden
Main article: Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
In 1814 Denmark-Norway was defeated in the Napoleonic wars and the king was forced to cede No...
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France In The Middle Ages: Encyclopedia Ii - France In The Middle Ages - Historical Overview
France in the Middle Ages - The Carolingian Legacy.
During the latter years of the elderly Charlemagne's rule, the Vikings made advance...
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History Of Norway: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Norway - The Kalmar Union And The Union With Denmark
Norway was relegated to a virtual provincial status from 1396 until 1814; this period was called "the 400-year-night" by Henrik Ibsen dur...
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Zadar: Encyclopedia Ii - Zadar - Cultural Heritage
Zadar - Architecture.
Zadar gained its urban structure in Roman times; during the time of Emperors Julius Caesar and Augustus, the town...
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