1381

1381 - Events. June 12 - Peasants' Revolt: In England rebels arrive at Blackheath. June 14 - King Richard II of England meets the leaders of Peasants Revolt. The revolt is discussed in John Gower's Vox Clamantis and Froissart's Chronicles. 1381 - Births. May 9 - Johann Schiltberger, German traveller and writer (died 1440) October 13 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English politician (died 1415)Including:

• 1381 - Events
• 1381 - Births
• 1381 - Deaths

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The Black Death was a devastating pandemic that first struck Europe in the mid-14th century (1347–50), killing about a third of Europe's population, an estimated 34 million people. A series of plague epidemics also occurred in large portions of Asia and the Middle East during the same period, indicating that the European outbreak was actually part of a worldwide pandemic. The same disease is thought to have returned to Europe every generation with varying degrees of intensity and fatality until the 1700s. Notable late outbreaks incl ...

Including:

• Black Death - Pattern of the pandemic
• Black Death - Asian outbreak
• Black Death - European outbreak
• Black Death - Middle Eastern outbreak
• Black Death - Recurrence
• Black Death - Causes
• Black Death - Bubonic plague theory
• Black Death - Consequences
• Black Death - Depopulation
• Black Death - Socio-economic effects
• Black Death - Persecutions
• Black Death - Religion
• Black Death - Other social effects
• Black Death - Black Death in literature
• Black Death - Contemporary
• Black Death - Modern
• Black Death - Selected sources and further reading
• Black Death - Notes
• Black Death - Primary sources
• Black Death - Secondary sources
• Black Death - Related events

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In cooking, an apple pie or apple tart is a fruit pie (or tart) in which the principal filling ingredient is apples. This pastry is generally used top-and-bottom, making a double-crust pie. An exception is the Tarte Tatin. Apple pie - Ingredients. The best cooking apples (culinary apples, colloquially cookers), such as the Bramley or Granny Smith, are crisp and acidic. The fruit for the pie can be fresh, canned, or reconstituted from dried apples. This affects the final texture, ...

Including:

• Apple pie - Ingredients
• Apple pie - English style
• Apple pie - Apple pie and cheese
• Apple pie - Dutch style
• Apple pie - American style
• Apple pie - Apple pie in American culture

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Bridgwater in Somerset, England, is a market town, the administrative centre of the Sedgemoor district, and the leading industrial town in the county. Bridgwater is located on the major communication routes through South West England, between two junctions of the M5 motorway and on the edge of the Somerset Levels. It is thought that the town was originally called Brigg, meaning Quay. In the Doomsday Book the town is listed as Brugie, while Brugia was also used. After the Norman invasion the land was given to Walter Douai (a Nor ...

Including:

• Bridgwater - History
• Bridgwater - 20th century
• Bridgwater - Industry
• Bridgwater - Present
• Bridgwater - Arts
• Bridgwater - Annual events
• Bridgwater - Notable people
• Bridgwater - Members of Parliament
• Bridgwater - Natural environment
• Bridgwater - Twinning

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The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising — known in the German language as Erzbistum München und Freising and in Latin as Archidioecesis Monacensis et Frisingensis — is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Bavaria, Germany. It is led by the prelature of the Archbishop of Munich, administering the see from the motherchurch in Munich Frauenkirche, also called the Munich Cathedral. The see was canonically erected circa 739 by Saint Boniface as the Diocese of Freisin ...

Including:

• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich - Bishops of Freising
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich - Prince-Bishops of Freising
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich - Archbishops of Munich-Freising
• Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich - Resources

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In late medieval Florence, the disenfranchised ciompi ("wool carders") were a class of labourers in the textile industry who were not represented by any guild. The ciompi were among the most radical of the lower-class groups, vegetable sellers and crockery vendors and the like, and resented the controlling power that was centered in the Arte della Lana, the textile-manufacturing establishment which guided ...

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A poll tax, head tax, soul tax, or capitation is a tax of a uniform, fixed amount per individual (as opposed to a percentage of income). Such taxes were important sources of revenue for many countries into the 19th century, but this is no longer the case. There are several famous cases of poll taxes in history, notably a tax formerly required for voting in parts of the United States that was often designed to disenfranchise African Americans, Native Americans, and whites of non-British descent, as well as two taxes levied by John of Gaunt and Margaret Thatcher in the f ...

Including:

• Poll tax - United States
• Poll tax - United Kingdom
• Poll tax - The Community Charge
• Poll tax - Canada

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Colchester is a town and main settlement of the Colchester borough of Essex in the East of England. It has a population of about 160,000 and, as the oldest recorded Roman town, makes claim to be the oldest town in Britain. Colchester is located 54 miles (87 km) north east of London and is connected to the capital by the A12 road and the Great Eastern Main Line. Colchester - History. Colchester - Roman era. Colchester is the oldest recorded Rom ...

Including:

• Colchester - History
• Colchester - Roman era
• Colchester - Medieval era
• Colchester - Royal charter
• Colchester - Dutch quarter
• Colchester - Siege of Colchester
• Colchester - Colchester earthquake
• Colchester - Oyster Feast
• Colchester - Colchester army garrison
• Colchester - Colchester Co-op
• Colchester - Paxman diesels
• Colchester - Tourism
• Colchester - Twinning
• Colchester - Education

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Chelmsford is a town in the county of Essex, in the United Kingdom.It lies 31 miles (50 km) northeast of London, approximately halfway between there and Colchester. It is almost exactly in the centre of the county and it has been the county town of Essex since the early 13th century. It is also the seat of the Borough of Chelmsford, which covers a wider area than the town, including the new (1970s-on) settlement of South Woodham Ferrers on the banks of the River Crouch. The Borough Council celebrated its centenary in ...

Including:

• Chelmsford - Population
• Chelmsford - Transport
• Chelmsford - Industry
• Chelmsford - Places of Interest
• Chelmsford - History
• Chelmsford - Geology
• Chelmsford - Twin towns
• Chelmsford - People born in Chelmsford
• Chelmsford - Nearby places
• Chelmsford - Bibliography

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Cooling is a village and civil parish on the Hoo Peninsula, overlooking the North Kent Marshes. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 209. This remote and isolated hamlet has been described as 'the capital of English Lollardry' because of its association with Sir John Oldcastle. The most notable feature of the village is Cooling Castle, built on the edge of the marshes during the 12th century to defend the neighbouri ...

Including:

• Cooling Kent - Cooling Castle
• Cooling Kent - St James' church

Read more here: » Cooling Kent: Encyclopedia - Cooling Kent

1415 - Events. Friedrich I Hohenzollern (b. 1372; d. 20 Sep 1440) becomes Burgrave of Nuremberg March 14 - Jan Hus travels to the Council of Constance to propose reforms for the church May 5 - the Council of Constance condemns the writings of John Wycliffe and asks Jan Hus to recant in public his heresy; after his denial, he is tried for heresy, excommunicated then sentenced to be burned at the stake July 4 - Pope Gregory XII officially closes the Council of Constance Jul ...

Including:

• 1415 - Events
• 1415 - Births
• 1415 - Deaths

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For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. 1293 - Events. May 20 - King Sancho IV of Castile creates the Studium General, forerunner to the modern Complutense University of Madrid. May 20 - An earthquake in Kamakura, Japan kills an estimated 30,000. December - Mamluk sultan of Egypt Khalil is assassinated by his regent Baydara, who briefly claims the sultanate before being assassinated himself by a rival political faction. Torkel Knutsson lead ...

Including:

• 1293 - Events
• 1293 - Births
• 1293 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1293: Encyclopedia - 1293

1351 - Events. End of the reign of Emperor Suko of Japan, third of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Start of the reign of Emperor Go-Kogon of Japan, fourth of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders May 1 Zürich joins the Swiss Confederation. King Ramathibodi I ascends the throne in Ayutthaya (now Thailand). He beings to propagate Theravada Buddhism as the state religion. King Gongmin ascends the throne in Goryeo. Battle of the Thirty Statute of Laborers ...

Including:

• 1351 - Events
• 1351 - Births
• 1351 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1351: Encyclopedia - 1351

1380s - Events and Trends. The Western Schism continues with Pope Urban VI and Avignon Pope Clement VII each considered by some to be the Pope. Richard II reigns in England and Charles VI reigns in France. Geoffrey Chaucer begins work on The Canterbury Tales A civil war in the Scandinavian part of Sweden brought unrest to Finland, too. As part of the Hundred Years War, the island of Jersey was attacked many times and was even occupied for a couple of years. Many ...

Including:

• 1380s - Events and Trends
• 1380s - Births
• 1380s - Deaths

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For alternative meanings, see number 1440. 1440 - Events. October 22 - Gilles de Rais confesses and is sentenced to death Itzcóatl, Aztec ruler of Tenochtitlan dies and is succeeded by Moctezuma I, Moctezuma Ilhuicamina. End of term for Regent of Sweden Karl Knutsson Bonde. Murad II lays siege to Belgrade. The city is heavily damaged, but the defenders' use of artillery prevents the Turks from capturing the city. 1440 - Births. Including:

• 1440 - Events
• 1440 - Births
• 1440 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1440: Encyclopedia - 1440

John Wycliffe (also Wyclif, Wycliff, or Wickliffe) (c.1320 – December 31, 1384) was an English theologian and early proponent of reform in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century. He made an English translation of the Bible in one complete edition and is considered a precursor of the Protestant Reformation. Wycliffe was born at Ipreswell (modern Hipswell), Yorkshire, England, between 1320 and 1330 and died at Lutterworth (near Leicester) in 1384. Wycliffe also lived during the black plague. < ...

Including:

• John Wycliffe - Early life
• John Wycliffe - Early career
• John Wycliffe - Bases of his reformatory activities
• John Wycliffe - Political career
• John Wycliffe - Public declaration of his ideas
• John Wycliffe - Conflict with the church
• John Wycliffe - Statement regarding royal power
• John Wycliffe - Wycliffe and the papacy
• John Wycliffe - Attack on monasticism
• John Wycliffe - Relation to the English Bible
• John Wycliffe - Activity as a preacher
• John Wycliffe - Anti-Wycliffe synod
• John Wycliffe - Last days
• John Wycliffe - Wycliffe's doctrines
• John Wycliffe - Basal positions in philosophy
• John Wycliffe - Attitude toward speculation

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1457 - Events. University of Freiburg founded. Stefan cel Mare secures the throne of Moldavia which he retains for the next 47 years. Edo Castle was built by Ota Dokan in what is now Tokyo. Charles VIII of Sweden is declared deposed. Archbishop of Sweden Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna and statesman Erik Axelsson Tott become Co-Regents of Sweden. The throne is then offered to Christian I of Denmark and Norway. 1457 - Births. < ...

Including:

• 1457 - Events
• 1457 - Births
• 1457 - Deaths

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John of Ruysbroeck - Until his ordination. John had a devout mother, who brought him up in the Catholic faith; of his father we know nothing. John's surname Van Ruusbroec is not a surname in the modern sense but a toponym that refers to his native hamlet, modern-day Ruisbroek near Brussels (compare John of Salisbury or Democritus of Abdera). At the age of eleven he left his mother, departing without leave or warning, to place himself under the guidance and tuition of his uncle, Jan Hinckaert, a canon of St ...

See also:

John of Ruysbroeck, John of Ruysbroeck - Life, John of Ruysbroeck - Until his ordination, John of Ruysbroeck - Priest in Brussels, John of Ruysbroeck - Priest in Groenendaal, John of Ruysbroeck - After death, John of Ruysbroeck - Works and philosophy

Read more here: » John of Ruysbroeck: Encyclopedia II - John of Ruysbroeck - Life

Sadayo's skill as a strategist was obvious, and he moved rapidly through northern Kyushu with a great deal of success, bringing the region under his control by October 1372. This was an impressive achievement considering Prince Kanenaga had been fortifying his position in this region for more than a decade. Kanenaga was not defeated outright however, and went on the defensive, leading to a stalemate that lasted through to 1374, when Kanenaga's general, Kikuchi Takemitsu, passed away, leaving his military with no strong leader. ...

See also:

Imagawa Sadayo, Imagawa Sadayo - Sadayo's Early Life, Imagawa Sadayo - Kyushu Tandai 1371-1395, Imagawa Sadayo - His Later Years 1395-1420, Imagawa Sadayo - Sadayo's Poetry, Imagawa Sadayo - Two Select Poems, Imagawa Sadayo - Bibliography

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Schiltberger's Reisebuch contains not only a record of his own experiences and a sketch of various chapters of contemporary Eastern history, but also an account of countries and their manners and customs, especially of those countries which he had himself visited. First come the lands "this side" of Danube, where he had travelled; next follow those between the Danube and the sea, which had now fallen under the Turk; after this, the Ottoman dominions in Asia; last come the more distant regions of Schiltberger's world, from Trebizond to ...

See also:

Johann Schiltberger, Johann Schiltberger - Travels, Johann Schiltberger - Writings, Johann Schiltberger - Links

Read more here: » Johann Schiltberger: Encyclopedia II - Johann Schiltberger - Writings