1349

The main picture of this century-long situation: The Principality was under violent succession dispute. That originated from dispossessed Latin Emperor Baldwin II giving overlordship of Achaia to Charles I of Sicily, in order to gain his support for reconquering the throne in Constantinople - Baldwin did not secure the rights of Villehardouin Princes of Achaia when doing that. As a result, Angevin kings of Naples gave Achaia as their fief to a series of their own relatives and creatures, who fought against Princess Margaret Ville ...

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Principality of Achaea, Principality of Achaea - The feudal conflict of Morea 1307-1383, Principality of Achaea - Incomplete List of the Princes of Achaea

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The countries that we now know as Spain and Portugal spent the Middle Ages after 722 in an intermittent struggle called the Reconquista. This struggle pitted the northern Christian kingdoms against the Islamic kingdoms of the South and among themselves. In the Late Middle Ages, the Aragonese expansion southwards met with the Castilian advance northward in the region of Murcia. Afterward, the Aragonese empire focused in the Mediterranean, acting as far as Greece and Barbary, whereas Portugal, which completed its ReconquistaSee also:

Crown of Aragon, Crown of Aragon - Context, Crown of Aragon - History

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The following compares Српска Ћирилица (Serbian Cyrillic script) or Aзбука (Azbuka) with Srpska Latinica (Serbian Latin script) or Abeceda. Serbian language - Notes. The letters Lj, Nj and Dž are represented by two characters in the Latin alphabet. Also, the letter Đ is sometimes written as Dj. The sort order of the two alphabets is different. Azbuka: А Б В Г Д Ђ Е Ж З И Ј К Л Љ � ...

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Serbian language, Serbian language - Alphabets, Serbian language - Notes, Serbian language - Phonology, Serbian language - Vowels, Serbian language - Consonants, Serbian language - Morphology, Serbian language - Cases, Serbian language - Serbian literature, Serbian language - Demographics, Serbian language - Trivia, Serbian language - Differences to similar languages

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1281 - Europe. Pope Martin IV authorizes the Ninth Crusade against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire in Constantinople; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year. 1281 - Middle East. October 29 - Mamluk sultan Qalawun defeats an invasion of Syria by Mongol Ilkhan Abaqa Khan at the Battle of Homs. Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, becomes bey of the Sögüt trib ...

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1281, 1281 - Events, 1281 - Europe, 1281 - Middle East, 1281 - Asia, 1281 - Births, 1281 - Deaths

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The history of Bengal can be divided according to the religion of its rulers. Also see History of Bengal and Bengal Renaissance. Bengal - Early History. One of the earliest historical references to be found to date is the mention of a land named Gangaridai by the Greeks around 100 BC. The word is speculated to have come from Gangahrd (Land with the Ganges in its heart) and believed to be referring to an area in Bengal. More concrete evidence of Bengal becoming a political entity is found in the 6th century, with the first recorded independent king of Bengal ...

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Bengal, Bengal - History, Bengal - Early History, Bengal - Muslim Rule, Bengal - British Rule, Bengal - Independence, Bengal - Rulers of Bengal, Bengal - Pala Dynasty, Bengal - Sena Dynasty, Bengal - Ilyas Dynasty, Bengal - Ganesa Dynasty, Bengal - Ilyas Dynasty, Bengal - Habshis Dynasty, Bengal - Husaini Dynasty, Bengal - Suri Dynasty, Bengal - Karani Kararani Dynasty, Bengal - Nawabs of Bengal, Bengal - Maps during British rule on external sites

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Football - English public schools. The earliest evidence that games resembling football were being played at English public schools — attended by boys from the upper, upper-middle and professional classes — comes from the Vulgaria by William Horman in 1519. Horman had been headmaster at Eton College and Winchester and his Latin textbook includes a translation exercise with the phrase "We wyll playe with a ball full of wynde". The first specific mention of football can be found in a Latin poem by Robert ...

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Football, Football - History, Football - Ancient games, Football - Mediæval football, Football - Calcio Fiorentino, Football - Official disapproval and attempts to ban football, Football - The establishment of modern codes of football, Football - English public schools, Football - The Cambridge Rules, Football - Other developments in the 1850s, Football - Australian Rules football, Football - The Football Association, Football - Rugby football, Football - North American football, Football - Gaelic football, Football - The split in rugby football, Football - The reform of American football, Football - The two rugby codes diverge further, Football - Football today, Football - Use of the word football in English-speaking countries, Football - Games descended from the FA rules of 1863, Football - Games descended from Rugby School rules, Football - Irish and Australian varieties of football, Football - Surviving Mediæval ball games, Football - Other surviving public school games, Football - More recent inventions and derivations, Football - Tabletop games and other recreations

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He married in 1352 in London Matilda of Lancaster, daughter of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Isabel de Beaumont. They had only one daughter, who died in 1356. He also had illegitimate children: Wilhelm, married 1398 Lisbeth Hughe. Elisabeth, married Brustijn van Herwijnen, lord of Stavenisse. He was succeeded by his brother Albert in 1388. ...

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William I Duke of Bavaria, William I Duke of Bavaria - Family and children

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William of Ockham - Philosophy. Summa logicae (Sum of Logic) (before 1327), Paris 1448, Bologna 1498, Venice 1508, Oxford 1675. Quaestiones in octo libros physicorum, (before 1327), Rome 1637. Summulae in octo libros physicorum, (before 1327), Venice 1506. Quodlibeta septem (before 1327), Paris 1487. Expositio aurea super totam artem veterem: quaestiones in quattuor libros sententiarum, Lyons 1495, Bologna 1496. Major summa l ...

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William of Ockham, William of Ockham - Works, William of Ockham - Philosophy, William of Ockham - Religion, William of Ockham - Politics, William of Ockham - In fiction

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Most Czech sources since at least the 19th century - encyclopedias, general histories, materials of the University itself - offer 1348 as the year of the founding of the university. On April 7 of that year, Charles I, the King of Bohemia (later known as Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor) issued a Golden Bull (transcription of the Latin original) granting its privileges. One may however also see the papal bull of pope Clement VI on January 26 of the previous year (1347) as primary, as for the foundation of any other Church institution, wi ...

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Charles University of Prague, Charles University of Prague - History, Charles University of Prague - Organisation, Charles University of Prague - Notable alumni, Charles University of Prague - Notable professors, Charles University of Prague - Leadership

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The layout of the abbey largely followed the standard Cistercian plan. The abbey church accommodated both the choir monks, who spent their time in prayer and contemplation, and the lay brethren who undertook more mundane duties, such as agricultural work, enabling the community, at least in its early years, to remain largely self-sufficient. The monks observed their daily offices in the choir, beneath the crossing of the church, separated by a screen from the lay brethren who worshipped in the nave. The choir monks would also say mass individ ...

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Valle Crucis Abbey, Valle Crucis Abbey - Layout, Valle Crucis Abbey - Early History, Valle Crucis Abbey - Dissolution and Modern History

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The Colosseum measures 48 metres high, 188 metres long, and 156 metres wide. The wooden arena floor was 86 metres by 54 metres, and covered by sand. Its elliptical shape kept the players from retreating to a corner, and allowed the spectators to be closer to the action than a circle would allow. The Colosseum was ingeniously designed. It has been said that most spectacle venues (stadiums, and similar) have been influenced by features of the Colosseum's structure, even well into modern times. Seating (cavea) was divided into dif ...

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Colosseum, Colosseum - Construction, Colosseum - Games, Colosseum - History of the name Colosseum, Colosseum - Description, Colosseum - Later history, Colosseum - Hollywood and the Colosseum, Colosseum - Flora

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Straubing was founded as a city by Louis I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria and became the capital of Bavaria-Straubing under the dukes of Bavaria-Straubing-Holland under Duke William I when Bavaria was devided among the sons of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor in 1349. In 1429 Straubing passed to Ernest, Duke of Bavaria-Munich, who ordered to murder Agnes Bernauer in Straubing. ...

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Straubing, Straubing - History, Straubing - Culture and Places of Interest, Straubing - Buildings, Straubing - Historical residents

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Geoffrey Chaucer - Manuscripts. As early as 1400, Chaucer's courtly audience grew to include members of the rising literate, middle and merchant classes, which included many Lollard sympathizers who would have been inclined to read Chaucer as one of his own, particularly in his satirical writings about priests and various religious. We would not have so many manuscripts of Chaucer's works today if this group of readers had not created a great dem ...

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Geoffrey Chaucer, Geoffrey Chaucer - Life, Geoffrey Chaucer - Works, Geoffrey Chaucer - Influence, Geoffrey Chaucer - Linguistic, Geoffrey Chaucer - Historical Reception and Representation, Geoffrey Chaucer - Manuscripts, Geoffrey Chaucer - Printed Books, Geoffrey Chaucer - List of Works

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The University of Florence evolved from the Studium Generale, which was established by the Florentine Republic in 1321. The Studium was recognized by Pope Clement VI in 1349, and authorised to grant regular degrees. The Pope also estabilished that the first Italian faculty of Theology would be in Florence. The Studium became an imperial university in 1364, but was moved to Pisa in 1473 when Lorenzo the Magnificent gained control of Florence. Charles VIII moved it back from 1497-1515, but it was moved to Pi ...

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University of Florence, University of Florence - History, University of Florence - Organization, University of Florence - Noted Professors

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Founded in 1324 by Adam de Brome, Rector of the University Church. Under the patronage of Edward II, he diverted the revenue of St Mary's to his college, which thereafter was responsible for appointing the vicar. De Brome's foundation of 1324 was confirmed by Edward II in a charter of 1326. Oriel is the fifth oldest of Oxford's colleges, and the oldest college that doesn't habitually claim it is the oldest college. The official name of the College is ‘the House of Blessed Mary the Virgin in Oxford commonly called Oriel College', the ...

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Oriel College Oxford, Oriel College Oxford - History, Oriel College Oxford - Buildings and environs, Oriel College Oxford - First Quadrangle, Oriel College Oxford - Second Quadrangle, Oriel College Oxford - St Mary Hall/Third Quadrangle, Oriel College Oxford - The Island site, Oriel College Oxford - James Mellon Hall, Oriel College Oxford - Oriel Street, Oriel College Oxford - The College arms, Oriel College Oxford - The College grace, Oriel College Oxford - Student life, Oriel College Oxford - Notable former students, Oriel College Oxford - Notable former academics/teachers, Oriel College Oxford - Notable former Provosts, Oriel College Oxford - Academics/teachers

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See also The Serbia Series: See also: List of Serbian monarchs, History of Yugoslavia, History of Serbia and Montenegro History of Serbia - Medieval Serbia 7th – 14th century. Main articles: History of Medieval Serbia, and [[]], and See also:

History of Serbia, History of Serbia - History, History of Serbia - Medieval Serbia 7th – 14th century, History of Serbia - Turkish conquest, History of Serbia - Modern Serbia, History of Serbia - The Kingdom of Yugoslavia, History of Serbia - Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

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The origins of the League are generally traced to the foundation of the new town of Lübeck in 1158/1159 after the capture of the area by Henry the Lion of Saxony. There had been exploratory trading adventures, raids and piracy throughout this area—the sailors of Gotland sailed up rivers as far away as Novgorod—but the scale of international economy in the Baltic area was insignificant before the Hanseatic League. German domination of trade in the Baltic was achieved with striking speed over the next century and Lübeck became a central node in all the sea trade that linked the ar ...

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Hanseatic League, Hanseatic League - History, Hanseatic League - Foundation, Hanseatic League - Expansion, Hanseatic League - Zenith, Hanseatic League - Downfall, Hanseatic League - The End, Hanseatic League - Lists of former Hanse cities, Hanseatic League - Members of the Hanseatic League, Hanseatic League - Counting Houses, Hanseatic League - Other cities with a Hanse community, Hanseatic League - External link

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The fundamental social cleavage in the middle ages was between the nobiles, i.e. the tenants in chivalry, whether earls, barons, knights, esquires or franklins, and the ignobiles, i.e. the villeins, citizens and burgesses; and between the most powerful noble and the humblest franklin there was, until the 15th century, no "separate class of gentlemen". Even so late as 1400 the word "gentleman" still only had the sense of generosus, and could not be used as a personal description denoting rank or quality, or as the title o ...

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Gentleman, Gentleman - Gentleman by conduct, Gentleman - William Harrison, Gentleman - Shakespeare, Gentleman - Superiority of the fighting man, Gentleman - Gentry, Gentleman - Sir George Sitwell, Gentleman - A line between classes, Gentleman - Modern usage

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North Province Cameroon - Land. Bands of alternating metamorphic and sedimentary rock interspersed with granite characterise the north's geology. Granite covered in volcanic basalt makes up the southernmost reaches, which form part of the Adamawa Plateau. A series of faults lies north of this and separate the plateau from the band of metamorphic stone to its north. Random granite deposits also characterise this area. The Mayo Rey and Vina River cut north of this portion, leaving deposits of sedimentary stone exce ...

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North Province Cameroon, North Province Cameroon - Geography, North Province Cameroon - Land, North Province Cameroon - Drainage, North Province Cameroon - Relief, North Province Cameroon - Climate, North Province Cameroon - Plant and animal life, North Province Cameroon - Demographics, North Province Cameroon - Settlement patterns, North Province Cameroon - People, North Province Cameroon - Religion, North Province Cameroon - Economy, North Province Cameroon - Agriculture, North Province Cameroon - Industry, North Province Cameroon - Transportation, North Province Cameroon - Tourism, North Province Cameroon - Administration and social conditions, North Province Cameroon - Government, North Province Cameroon - Education, North Province Cameroon - Health, North Province Cameroon - Cultural life, North Province Cameroon - History, North Province Cameroon - Early population movements, North Province Cameroon - Kanem-Bornu period, North Province Cameroon - Fulbe jihads, North Province Cameroon - European contacts, North Province Cameroon - German administration, North Province Cameroon - French administration, North Province Cameroon - Post-independence

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Merchant Taylors' School - 1561 - 1605. The school was founded in 1561 by members of the Merchant Taylors' Company. The site of the original school was a manor house called the Manor of the Rose in the parish of St. Lawrence Pountney in the City of London. The school remained on this site until 1875 when it moved to Charterhouse Square, moving again in 1933 to Sandy Lodge in Northwood. MTS was not the first school to be founded by members of the Merchant Taylors' Company for the Tudor period in England was ...

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Merchant Taylors' School, Merchant Taylors' School - School history, Merchant Taylors' School - 1561 - 1605, Merchant Taylors' School - 1606 - 1633, Merchant Taylors' School - 1634 - 1685, Merchant Taylors' School - 1686 - 1759, Merchant Taylors' School - 1760 - 1813, Merchant Taylors' School - 1814 - 1844, Merchant Taylors' School - 1845 - 1865, Merchant Taylors' School - 1866 - 1907, Merchant Taylors' School - 1908 - 1933, Merchant Taylors' School - Present Day, Merchant Taylors' School - Alumni

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The mountain first gained fame as the site of Petrarch's 1336 ascent, which he recorded in a letter to a friend. This letter is viewed as one of the earliest products of Renaissance and Humanism, as the ascent is inspired by a passage in Livy's History of Rome. Petrarch is considered the father of alpinism, as he expressed the desire to climb Mont Ventoux merely for the joy of seeing the view. He climbed the mountain on April 26 together with his brother and two others. He knew the region well as he lived in Avignon from 1333 to 1349. The 15th century saw the construction of a chapel ...

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Mont Ventoux, Mont Ventoux - History, Mont Ventoux - Flora and fauna, Mont Ventoux - Road cycling, Mont Ventoux - Tour de France

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Archaeological evidence indicates that what is now southern England was colonised by humans long before the rest of the British Isles due to its more hospitable climate between and during the various ice ages of the distant past. The first historical mention of the region is from the Massaliote Periplus, a sailing manual for merchants thought to date to the 6th century BC, although cultural and trade links with the continent had existed for millennia prior to this. Pytheas of Massilia wrote of his trading journey to the island around 325 BC. ...

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History of England, History of England - England before the English, History of England - The Anglo-Saxon Conquest of Celtic Britain, History of England - England during the Middle Ages, History of England - Tudor England, History of England - Religious Conflict and the Civil War, History of England - The Industrial Revolution, History of England - Recent history

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