1344

1344 - Events. English king Edward III introduces three new gold coins, the florin. leopard, and helm. Unfortunately the amount of gold in the coins does not match their value of six shillings, three shillings, and one shilling and sixpence, so they have to be withdrawn and mostly melted down by August of this year. 1344 - Births. Meinhard III, Count of Tyrol Parameswara, Malay Srivijayan prince (died 1424) 1344 - Deaths< ...

Including:

• 1344 - Events
• 1344 - Births
• 1344 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1344: Encyclopedia - 1344

Constantine V of Armenia (died 1362) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1344 to 1362. He was the son of Baldwin, Marshal of Armenia, a nephew of Hethum I of Armenia. Constantine came to the throne on the death of his cousin Constantine IV of Armenia who had been killed in an uprising in 1344. He attempted to wipe out all rival claimants for the throne; he gave orders to kill Constantine IV's nephews, Bemon and Leon of Lusignan, but ...

Including:

• Constantine V of Armenia - Bibliography

Read more here: » Constantine V of Armenia: Encyclopedia - Constantine V of Armenia

Saint Birgitta, also known as St. Bridget of Sweden (1303 – July 23, 1373), was a saint, mystic, pilgrim, and founder of the Bridgettine Order. The most celebrated saint of Sweden and the northern kingdoms, was the daughter of Birger Persson, governor and lawspeaker of Uppland, and one of the richest landowners of the country. In 1316 she was married to Ulf Gudmarson, lord of Närke, to whom she bore eight children, one of whom was afterwards honoured as St. Catherine of Sweden. Birgitta’s saintly and charitab ...

Read more here: » Saint Birgitta: Encyclopedia - Saint Birgitta

A feral child is a child who has lived isolated from human contact starting from a very young age and who has remained unaware of human behavior and unexposed to language. A feral child is an extremely rare phenomenon, and there are only just over a hundred known cases [1], of which - apart from cases of confined children - all but three are disputed. Feral children may be separated from society by being lost or abandoned into the wild. The c ...

Including:

• Feral child - Real-life cases
• Feral child - Notes and references
• Feral child - Bibliography

Read more here: » Feral child: Encyclopedia - Feral child

The Balearic Islands (Illes Balears Catalan official name, Islas Baleares in Spanish) are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the coast of Spain. They form one of the Autonomous Communities of Spain, the Autonomous Community of the Balearic Islands. The Community's capital city is Palma. Its only province is also called Illes Balears Province. The official languages are Catalan and Spanish. The Balearic Islands are one of the catalan-speaking teritor ...

Read more here: » Balearic Islands: Encyclopedia - Balearic Islands

1240s 1250s 1260s - 1270s - 1280s 1290s 1300s 1280 1281 1282 1283 1284 1285 1286 1287 1288 1289 The 1280s is the decade starting January 1, 1280 and ending December 31, 1289. Europe in the 1280s was marked by naval warfare on the Mediterranean Sea and consolidation of power by the major states. Ongoing struggles over the control of Sicily provoked lengthy naval warfare: after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion, the French Angevins struggled against Aragon for control of the island. King Rudolph I of G ...

Including:

• 1280s - War and politics
• 1280s - Europe
• 1280s - The Mongol Empire sphere of influence
• 1280s - The Mamluk Sultanate sphere of influence: the Middle East
• 1280s - Culture
• 1280s - Natural events
• 1280s - Science literature and industry
• 1280s - Civic laws and institutions
• 1280s - Art and architecture
• 1280s - Cities and institutions
• 1280s - Religion
• 1280s - Births
• 1280s - Deaths

Read more here: » 1280s: Encyclopedia - 1280s

Levi ben Gershon ("Levi son of Gerson"), better known as Gersonides or the Ralbag (1288-1344), was a famous rabbi, philosopher, mathematician and Talmudic commentator. He was born at Bagnols in Languedoc, France. Gersonides - Biography. As in the case of the other medieval Jewish philosophers little is known of his life. His family had been distinguished for piety and exegetical skill in Talmud, but though he was known in the Jewish community by commentaries on certain books of the Bible, he n ...

Including:

• Gersonides - Biography
• Gersonides - Works
• Gersonides - Philosophical and religious works
• Gersonides - Works in mathematics and astronomy
• Gersonides - Bibliography

Read more here: » Gersonides: Encyclopedia - Gersonides

Constantine IV of Armenia (died 1344) was the first Latin king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, ruling from 1342 to 1344. Born Guy of Lusignan (not to be confused with the 12th century King-Consort of Jerusalem of the same name), he took the name Constantine upon his accession in 1342. He was the son of Isabelle (or Zabel), Princess of Armenia (daughter of Leo III of Armenia) and Amalric de Lusignan. Guy came to the throne on the death of his cousin Leo V of Armenia. The crown had first been offered to his younger bro ...

Including:

• Constantine IV of Armenia - Bibliography

Read more here: » Constantine IV of Armenia: Encyclopedia - Constantine IV of Armenia

In the middle of the 10th century, the territory of Bar (Barrois) formed a dependency of the Holy Roman Empire. The first dynasty of Bar were in fact dukes of Upper Lotharingia out of the house of the counts of the Ardennes, descendants of count palatine Wigeric of Lotharingia. They chose their seat at Bar, which was subsequently called Bar-le-Duc. This Ardennes-Bar dynasty extincted with duke Frederick III (+1033) and his sister countess Sophia of Bar (+1093). In the 11th century lords of Bar were only counts of the Bar territory (le Barrois) ...

Including:

• Counts and dukes of Bar - Counts and Dukes of Bar
• Counts and dukes of Bar - Marquises of Pont-à-Mousson

Read more here: » Counts and dukes of Bar: Encyclopedia - Counts and dukes of Bar

Brunswick-Lüneburg was a historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. As the name implies, the main cities of this state were Brunswick and Lüneburg. Brunswick-Lüneburg - Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The state emerged from the inheritance of the first Saxon state of Henry the Lion in the late 12th century. Henry was deposed by the Emperor as Duke of Saxony, but retained various Lower Saxon lands which were inherited by his children as the Duchies of Brunswick and Lüneburg. The first duke of ...

Including:

• Brunswick-Lüneburg - Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg
• Brunswick-Lüneburg - From Calenberg to Hanover
• Brunswick-Lüneburg - Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
• Brunswick-Lüneburg - Dukes of Brunswick and Lüneburg and Princes of Wolfenbüttel 1267 -1807
• Brunswick-Lüneburg - Dukes of Brunswick and Lüneburg 1813-1918
• Brunswick-Lüneburg - Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissioners of the Republic of Brunswick 1918-1919
• Brunswick-Lüneburg - Minister presidents of the Republic of Brunswick 1919-1946
• Brunswick-Lüneburg - Districts

Read more here: » Brunswick-Lüneburg: Encyclopedia - Brunswick-Lüneburg

1424 - Events. August 17 - Battle of Verneuil - An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under the Duke of Alençon, John Stuart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas. Alençon was captured and Douglas killed. 1424 - Births. October 31 - King Wladislaus III of Poland (died 1444) Demetrius Chalcondyles, Greek scholar (died 1511) Abu Sa'id, ruler of Persia and Afghanistan (died 1469) 1424 ...

Including:

• 1424 - Events
• 1424 - Births
• 1424 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1424: Encyclopedia - 1424

Mallorca (in Catalan, Spanish, and English; also called Majorca in English) is one of the Balearic Islands (Catalan: Illes Balears), which are located in the Mediterranean Sea and are part of Spain. Like the other Balearic Islands Ibiza (Catalan: Eivissa), Formentera, and Minorca ("minor island", Catalan: Menorca), the island is a popular tourist destination. In Germany, where package tourism to Mallorca has been popular since the 1960s, it has become a synonym for mass tourism and also for birdwatchers. The name derives from Latin insula ma ...

Including:

• Mallorca - History
• Mallorca - Language
• Mallorca - Politics

Read more here: » Mallorca: Encyclopedia - Mallorca

For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. 1288 - Events. June 5 - John I of Brabant defeats the duchy of Guelders in the Battle of Worringen — one of the largest battles in Europe of the Middle Ages — thus winning possession of the duchy of Limburg. The battle also liberates the city of Cologne from rule by the Archbishopric of Cologne; it had previously been one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. August 8 - Pope Nicholas IV proc ...

Including:

• 1288 - Events
• 1288 - Births
• 1288 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1288: Encyclopedia - 1288

Alfred the Great has traditionally been recognized as the "founder of the navy"; in 897 he had a number of ships built, of at least 60 oars each, and used them to counter Danish raids along the south coast of England. Although there is evidence of subsequent attempts to fund a national naval force, there was no opposition to the landings of Sweyn Forkbeard from 1003 on, nor to the takeover by Cnut in 1016. Harold Godwinson did have some ships cruising off the Isle of Wight in the summer of 1066, but they ende ...

See also:

History of the Royal Navy, History of the Royal Navy - King's ships to 1500, History of the Royal Navy - The beginnings of an organised navy 1500–1642, History of the Royal Navy - The formation of a fighting force 1642–1689, History of the Royal Navy - Wars with France 1690–1815, History of the Royal Navy - Developments during the Pax Britannica 1815–1895, History of the Royal Navy - Operations, History of the Royal Navy - Technology, History of the Royal Navy - Age of the battleship 1895–1919, History of the Royal Navy - Interwar and World War II 1919–1946, History of the Royal Navy - The Navy from 1946

Read more here: » History of the Royal Navy: Encyclopedia II - History of the Royal Navy - King's ships to 1500

He inherited a vast domain, comprising Lithuania proper, Samogitia, Red Russia, Polotsk and Minsk; but these possessions were environed by powerful and greedy foes, the most dangerous of them being the Teutonic Knights and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. The systematic raiding of Lithuania by the knights under the pretext of converting it had long since united all the Lithuanian tribes against the common enemy; but Gediminas aimed at establishing a dynasty which should make Lithuania not merely secure but mighty, and for this purpose he ...

See also:

Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania, Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania - Origin, Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania - Choice of religion, Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania - Incorporation of Slavic lands, Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania - Domestic affairs, Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania - Father, Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania - Wives, Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania - Brothers, Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania - Sons, Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania - Daughters

Read more here: » Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania: Encyclopedia II - Gediminas Grand Duke of Lithuania - Choice of religion

List of kings of Persia - Arab caliphs rule. All Persian provinces fell under The Arabic Caliphate from 661 to 867. Umayyad dynasty, 661–750 Abbasid dynasty, 750–867 divided, 867–1029 List of kings of Persia - Tahirids in Khorasan 821–872. Taher ebne Hosein ebne Mos'ab, Emir 821–822 Talhat ebne Taher, 822–828 Abdollah ebne Taher, 828–844See also:

List of kings of Persia, List of kings of Persia - Early realms in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Elamite Kingdom 3000–660 BC, List of kings of Persia - Jiroft Kingdom c. 2500 BC, List of kings of Persia - Empire of Medians and Persians, List of kings of Persia - Median Dynasty 728–550 BC, List of kings of Persia - Achaemenid dynasty 550–330 BC, List of kings of Persia - Hellenistic rulers, List of kings of Persia - Argead Dynasty 330–310 BC, List of kings of Persia - Seleucid dynasty 305–164 BC, List of kings of Persia - Parthian dynasty Arsacid dynasty 247 BC – AD 224, List of kings of Persia - Sassanid dynasty AD 224–651, List of kings of Persia - Rulers after the advent of Islam in Iran, List of kings of Persia - Arab caliphs rule, List of kings of Persia - Tahirids in Khorasan 821–872, List of kings of Persia - Alavids 864–928, List of kings of Persia - Ziyarids 928–1043, List of kings of Persia - Buyyids 932–1056, List of kings of Persia - Saffarids in Seistan and beyond 861–1002, List of kings of Persia - Samanids Proto-Tajiks 892–998, List of kings of Persia - Ghaznavids 997–1186, List of kings of Persia - Seljuk Turks 1029–1194, List of kings of Persia - Khwarazmids 1096–1230, List of kings of Persia - Ilkhans 1256–1380, List of kings of Persia - Muzaffarid Dynasty 1314–1393, List of kings of Persia - Timurid dynasty 1380–1507, List of kings of Persia - Shahs of modern Iran, List of kings of Persia - Safavid dynasty 1502–1736, List of kings of Persia - Afsharid dynasty 1736–1749, List of kings of Persia - Zand dynasty 1750–1794, List of kings of Persia - Qajar dynasty 1796–1925, List of kings of Persia - Pahlavi dynasty 1925–1979

Read more here: » List of kings of Persia: Encyclopedia II - List of kings of Persia - Rulers after the advent of Islam in Iran

Mallorca was inhabited since antiquity. Burial chambers and traces of habitation from the Paleolithic period, 6000-4000 BC, have been discovered. The island was occupied by the Carthaginians before passing to the Romans in 123 BC under Quintus Caecilius Metellus. It flourished under Roman rule, during which time the towns of Pollentia (Alcúdia), and Palmaria (Palma) were founded. Olive cultivation, viniculture, an ...

See also:

Mallorca, Mallorca - History, Mallorca - Language, Mallorca - Politics

Read more here: » Mallorca: Encyclopedia II - Mallorca - History

from: H.Grote: Stammtafeln, Leipzig 1877, S. 506 ==> "http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Bisch%C3%B6fe_von_Bremen" ...

See also:

Archbishopric of Bremen, Archbishopric of Bremen - Archbishops of Bremen 787-865, Archbishopric of Bremen - in Personal-Union with Archbishops of Hamburg 865-1072, Archbishopric of Bremen - Archbishops of Bremen 1072-, Archbishopric of Bremen - Protestant Administrators of Bremen 1558-1648

Read more here: » Archbishopric of Bremen: Encyclopedia II - Archbishopric of Bremen - Archbishops of Bremen 1072-

List of Japanese anthologies - pre-Heian period chronicles. Kojiki (Record of Ancient Matters) completed in 712, Japan's first book, includes 113 poem-songs. Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) completed in 720, includes 131 poem-songs fudoki (records of wind and earth) compiled at Imperial command beginning in 713, 23 songs from fragmented records Shoku Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan Continued) submitted to Emperor Kammu ...

See also:

List of Japanese anthologies, List of Japanese anthologies - Waka and Tanka, List of Japanese anthologies - pre-Heian period chronicles, List of Japanese anthologies - from the Heian period till the early Kamakura period, List of Japanese anthologies - from the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period, List of Japanese anthologies - Renga, List of Japanese anthologies - Haikai and Haiku, List of Japanese anthologies - Kanshi, List of Japanese anthologies - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » List of Japanese anthologies: Encyclopedia II - List of Japanese anthologies - Waka and Tanka

The castle was originally a single watchtower, built close to the site of a monastery in the late 1100s. In 1298, King Edward I, or "Edward Longshanks", visited on his way to Scotland to battle a Scottish army led by William Wallace. He stayed at the room at the top of the original tower, now known as the Edward 1st Room. A window was specially installed for the king; a rarity in such buildings at the time. The building underwent a series of enhancements, and in 1344 a licence was issued by King Edward III to allow battlements to be built, effectively upgradi ...

See also:

Chillingham Castle, Chillingham Castle - History, Chillingham Castle - Chillingham's Ghosts

Read more here: » Chillingham Castle: Encyclopedia II - Chillingham Castle - History