1332

Bonne of Luxemburg (also Bona) (May 20, 1315 - September 11, 1349), was the daughter of John the Blind of Luxemburg, king of Bohemia and his first wife Elizabeth of Bohemia. Bonne was married to the future John II of France on July 28, 1332. She was 17 years old, and the future king was 13. Their children were: 1) Charles V le Sage (January 21, 1338 - September 16, 1380) 2) Louis (July 23, 1339 - September 20, 1384) 3) Jean de Berry (November 30, 1340 - June 15, 1416) 4) Philippe ( ...

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Lucerne (German Luzern) is a canton of Switzerland. It is located in the centre of Switzerland. The population is 350,600 (as of 2001). The cantonal capital is Lucerne. Canton of Lucerne - Geography. The canton of Lucerne is located in the centre of Switzerland. It is drained by the river Reuss and the river Kleine Emme. The lands of the canton lie on the northern foothills of the Swiss Alps. The highest elevation of the canton of Lucerne is at the Brienzer Rothorn at 2,35 ...

Including:

• Canton of Lucerne - Geography
• Canton of Lucerne - History
• Canton of Lucerne - Economy
• Canton of Lucerne - Demographics
• Canton of Lucerne - Districts
• Canton of Lucerne - Municipalities

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The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between Scotland and England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. The First War (1296–1328) began with the English invasion of Scotland in 1296, and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. The Second War (1332–1357) began with the English supported invasion of Edward Balliol and the 'Disinherited' in 1332, and ended around 1357 with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick. The wars were part of a grea ...

Including:

• Wars of Scottish Independence - The First War of Independence: 1296-1328
• Wars of Scottish Independence - Background to the war: 1286-92
• Wars of Scottish Independence - Beginning of the war: 1296–1306
• Wars of Scottish Independence - King Robert the Bruce: 1306–1314
• Wars of Scottish Independence - From Bannockburn to Edinburgh-Northampton: 1314–1328
• Wars of Scottish Independence - The Second War of Independence: 1332–1357

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Black powder is a type of gunpowder invented in the 9th century and was practically the only known propellant and explosive until the middle of the 19th century. It has been superseded by more efficient explosives such as smokeless powders and TNT. It is still manufactured today but primarily for use in fireworks, model rocket engines, and reproductions of muzzleloading weapons. Black powder - Description. Black powder consists of the granular ingredients sulphur (S), charcoal (provides carbon to the reacti ...

Including:

• Black powder - Description
• Black powder - History
• Black powder - Reference

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This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. The title of all Emperors listed preceding Heraclius was officially Augustus, although various other titles such as Dominus were used as well. For official purposes, their names were preceded by Imperator Caesar Flavius and followed by Augustus. Following Heraclius, the title became the Greek Basileus (Gr. Βασιλευς), which had formerly meant "king" but now was used in place of Augustus. Other (and to Roman minds, lesser) kings were titled by the neologi ...

Including:

• List of Byzantine Emperors - Constantinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Valentinian-Theodosian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Leonid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Justinian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Heraclian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Isaurian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phocid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Phrygian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Macedonian dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Non-dynastic
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Doukid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Comnenid dynasty restored
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Angelid dynasty
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Laskarid dynasty in exile in the Empire of Nicaea
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty restored to Constantinople
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Ottomans
• List of Byzantine Emperors - Palaeologid Dynasty in exile

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The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origins which ruled Egypt, Syria, and northern Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. The Ayyubid Dynasty was founded by Saladin (Salah ah-Din), who, with his uncle Shirkuh, conquered Egypt for the Zengid King Nur ad-Din of Damascus in 1169. In 1171, Saladin deposed the last Fatimid Caliph, but he gradually became estranged from his former master. When Nur ed-Din died in 1174, Saladin declared war against Nur ed-Din's young son, As-Salih Ismail, and seized Damascus. Ismail fled ...

Including:

• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Egypt
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Sultans of Damascus
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Aleppo
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Hamah
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Homs
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Emirs of Yemen
• Ayyubid dynasty - Ayyubid Rulers of the Jezireh

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1. In common with the rest of the UK. 2. No official anthem. God Save the Queen is traditionally the UK national anthem. See national symbols below. Scotland (Alba in Gaelic) is a nation in northwest Europe and a constituent country of the United Kingdom. The country occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shares a land border to the south with England and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the ...

Including:

• Scotland - Etymology
• Scotland - History
• Scotland - Politics
• Scotland - Law
• Scotland - Subdivisions
• Scotland - Geography
• Scotland - Climate
• Scotland - Economy
• Scotland - Demographics
• Scotland - Language
• Scotland - Religion
• Scotland - Education
• Scotland - Culture
• Scotland - Music
• Scotland - Literature
• Scotland - Sport
• Scotland - Media
• Scotland - National symbols
• Scotland - Gallery of Images

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Łódź (pronunciation: ˈwudʑ̥), the second-largest city (population 776,297 in 2004) of Poland, lies in the centre of the country. It serves as the capital of the Łódź Voivodship. In Polish, the word also means 'boat'. Łódź - History. Łódź - Agricultural Łódź. Łódź first appears in the written record in a document giving the village of Łodzia to the bishops of Włocławek in 1332. In ...

Including:

• Łódź - History
• Łódź - Agricultural Łódź
• Łódź - Industrial Łódź
• Łódź - After 1918
• Łódź - World War II
• Łódź - After 1945
• Łódź - Łódź today
• Łódź - Łódź for tourists
• Łódź - The Łódź Film School
• Łódź - Historical population
• Łódź - Famous people from Łódź
• Łódź - Economy
• Łódź - Education
• Łódź - Politics
• Łódź - Łódź constituency
• Łódź - Mayors
• Łódź - Sports

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For broader historical context, see 1260s and 13th century. 1260 - Events. 1260 - Europe. September 4 - The Senese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeats the Florentine Guelphs at Montaperti. King Otakar II of Bohemia captures Styria from King Bela IV of Hungary in the Battle of Kressenbrunn. The Baltic Samogitians and Curonians defeat the Teutonic knights in the Battle of Durbe. The Duchy of Saxony is div ...

Including:

• 1260 - Events
• 1260 - Europe
• 1260 - Asia
• 1260 - Africa
• 1260 - Births
• 1260 - Deaths
• 1260 - In fiction

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August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 141 days remaining. It is the peak of the Perseid meteor shower. It is also known as the "Glorious Twelfth" in the UK, as it marks the traditional start of the grouse shooting season. August 12 - Events. 490 BC - the Battle of Marathon, in which Athens defeated an invasion army of Persians, may have been fought on this date in the proleptic Julian calendar - but see 12 Septe ...

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• August 12 - Events
• August 12 - Births
• August 12 - Deaths
• August 12 - Holidays and observations

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  • African Jews     • Qemant     • Falas Mora   • Other Jewish groups" Ethiopia: 15,000 (est.)   • African Jews     • Qemant     • Falas Mora   • Other Jewish groups The Beta Israel (or "House of Israel"), known by outsiders by the term Falasha ("exiles" or "strangers"), a term that they con ...

Including:

• Beta Israel - Ethiopian enclave
• Beta Israel - Religious traditions
• Beta Israel - Languages
• Beta Israel - Oppression
• Beta Israel - Israel intervenes
• Beta Israel - Origins
• Beta Israel - Traditions of the Beta Israel
• Beta Israel - Rabbinical views
• Beta Israel - DNA evidence
• Beta Israel - Scholarly view
• Beta Israel - In fiction
• Beta Israel - Photos

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Charles I of Hungary (Anjou France 1288 or 1291 - Visegrád, Hungary July 16, 1342), also called Charles Robert, Carobert and Charles I Robert, was the king of Hungary from August 27, 1310. He was the grandson of King Charles II of Naples, son of Charles Martel d'Anjou and Clemencia, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph I. Charles I of Hungary - Life. Known as Charles Robert prior to his enthronment as King of Hungary in 1309, Charles claimed the Hungarian crown as the grea ...

Including:

• Charles I of Hungary - Life
• Charles I of Hungary - Reign
• Charles I of Hungary - Deterioration of the southern frontier
• Charles I of Hungary - Other names
• Charles I of Hungary - External link

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1387 - Events. June 2 - John Holland, a maternal half-brother of Richard II of England, is created Earl of Huntingdon. August 23 - Olaf IV of Norway/ Olaf III of Denmark dies. The vacant thrones come under the Regency of his mother Margaret I of Denmark who would soon become Queen in her own right. December 19 - Battle of Radcot Bridge: forces loyal to Richard II defeated by Henry Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby. Geoffrey Chaucer begins writing The Canterbury Tales. Queen Marg ...

Including:

• 1387 - Events
• 1387 - Births
• 1387 - Deaths

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1302 - Events. July 11 - Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch), major victory of Flanders over the French. September 24 - Charles II of Naples makes peace with Frederick III of Sicily under the Treaty of Caltabellotta - the War of Sicilian Vespers ends Roger de Flor founds the Catalan Company with soldiers (Almogavars) jobless after the Treaty of Caltabellotta Spain occupies the harbour of Algiers Jicin, Bohemia is chartered as a cityIncluding:

• 1302 - Events
• 1302 - Births
• 1302 - Deaths

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January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Here a calendar year refers to the order in which the months are displayed, January to December. The first day of the medieval Julian year was usually a day other than January 1. This day was adopted as the first day of the Julian year by all Western European countries except England between about 1450 and 1600. The Gregorian calendar as promulgated in 1582 did not specify that Janu ...

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• January 1 - Events
• January 1 - Births
• January 1 - Deaths
• January 1 - Holidays and observances

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1384 - Events. May / September 3 - Siege of Lisbon by the Castilian army, during the 1383-1385 Crisis. November 16 - Hedwig is crowned King of Poland, although she is a woman. 1384 - Births. Antoine, Duke of Brabant (died 1415) St Frances of Rome (died 1440) Khalil Sultan, ruler of Transoxiana (died 1411) 1384 - Deaths. January 1 - King Charles II of Navarre (b. 1332) January ...

Including:

• 1384 - Events
• 1384 - Births
• 1384 - Deaths

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1380s - Events and Trends. The Western Schism continues with Pope Urban VI and Avignon Pope Clement VII each considered by some to be the Pope. Richard II reigns in England and Charles VI reigns in France. Geoffrey Chaucer begins work on The Canterbury Tales A civil war in the Scandinavian part of Sweden brought unrest to Finland, too. As part of the Hundred Years War, the island of Jersey was attacked many times and was even occupied for a couple of years. Many ...

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• 1380s - Events and Trends
• 1380s - Births
• 1380s - Deaths

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1304 - Events. 20 July - Fall of Stirling Castle: Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence. James II of Aragon reconquers Villena, Spain. Holland and Zeeland are occupied by duke John II of Brabant and Guy of Dampierre. Count John II recovers the counties. 1304 - Births. February 24 - Ibn Battuta, Moroccan jurist July 20 - Petrarch, Italian poet (died 1374) William de Clinton, ...

Including:

• 1304 - Events
• 1304 - Births
• 1304 - Deaths

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1326 - Events. Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Osman I (1299-1326) to Orhan I (1326-1359) Aradia de Toscano, is initiated into a Dianic cult of Italian Witchcraft (Stregheria), and discovers through a vision that she is the human incarnation of the goddess Aradia. Known as La Bella Pelegrina amongst the outlaws near Lake Nemi, she becomes the leader of a religious anarchist movement. 1326 - Births. March 3 - Ivan II of Russia, Gra ...

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• 1326 - Events
• 1326 - Births
• 1326 - Deaths

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1391 - Events. August 5 - Anti-Jewish riots erupt in Toledo, Spain and Barcelona. Many Jews leave Barcelona after the following massacres, though a large number remain in the city. 1391 - Births. October 31 - King Edward of Portugal (†1438) November 6 - Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (died 1425) November 24 - Charles, duc d'Orléans, French poet (died 1465) Gedun Drub, 1st Dalai Lama (died 1474) Mi ...

Including:

• 1391 - Events
• 1391 - Births
• 1391 - Deaths

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