1320

The village of Oleśnica received the city rights ( law of średzko Civitas nostra Olsnicz) on 22 February 1255 from Henryk III White, son of Henry II the Pious. From 1320 it becames the capital of the Duchy of Olesnica and the seat of Konrad of Mazovia. After the death of Konrad Bialy Mlodszy, last of the local Piast dynasty in 1492 the Duchy of Olesnica has been sold to the Czech Zięba-Podebrad line, and in 1647 was inherited by the dukes of Württemberg (ksiażęta wirtemberscy), and in the 18th century ...

See also:

Oleśnica, Oleśnica - History, Oleśnica - Famous people born in Olesnica

Read more here: » Oleśnica: Encyclopedia II - Oleśnica - History

Qiande (乾德 Qiándé) 963-968 Kaibao (開寶 Kāibǎo) 968-976 Yongxi (雍熙 Yōngxī) 984-987 Duangong (端拱 Duāngǒng) 988-989 Chunhua (淳化 Chúnhuà) 990-994 Zhidao (至道 Zhìdào) 995-997 Jingde (景德 Jǐngdé) 1004-1007 Dazhongxiangfu (大中祥符 Dàzhōngxiángfú) 1008-1016 Tianxi (天禧 Tiānxǐ) 1017-1021 Qianxing (乾興 Qiánxīng) 1022 Mingdao (明道 Míngdào) 1032-1033 Jingyou (景祐 Jǐngyòu) 1034-1038 Baoyuan (寶元 Bǎoyuán) 1038 ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty

Tianzan (天贊 Tiānzàn) 922-926 Tianxian (天顯 Tiānxiǎn) 926 Huitong (會同 Huìtóng) 938-947 Datong (大同 Dàtóng) 947 Qianheng (乾亨 Qiánhēng) 979-982 Tonghe (統和 Tǒnghé) 983-1012 Kaitai (開泰 Kāitài) 1012-1021 Taiping (太平 Tàipíng) 1021-1031 Chongxi (重熙 Chóngxī) 1032-1055 Xianyong (咸雍 Xiányōng) 1065-1074 Taikang (太康 Tàikāng) or Dakang (大康 Dàkāng) 1075-1084 Da'an (大安 Dà'ān) 1085-1094 Shouchang (壽昌 Shòuchāng) or Shoulong (壽隆 Shòulóng) 1095-1101 Tianqing (天慶 Ti ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty

Qianhua (乾化 qian2 hua4) 911-912 Zhenming (貞明 zhen1 ming2) 915-921 Longde (龍德 long2 de2) 921-923 Changxing (長興 chang2 xing1) 930-933 Kaiyun (開運 kai1 yun4) 944-947 Qianyou (乾祐 qian2 you4) 948 Xiande (顯德 xian3 de2) 954 Baoda (寶大 bao3 da4) 923-925 Baozheng (寶正 bao3 zheng4) 925-932 Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 935 Wuyi (武義 wu3 yi4) 919-921 Qianzhen (乾貞 qian2 zhen1) 927-929 Dahe (大和 da4 he2) 929-935 Tianzuo (天祚 tian1 zuo4) 935-937 ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

Xianqing (顯慶 xian3 qing4) 656-661 Longshuo (龍朔 long2 shuo4) 661-663 Linde (麟德 lin2 de2) 664-665 Qianfeng (乾封 qian2 feng1) 666-668 Zongzhang (總章 zong3 zhang1) 668-670 Xianheng (咸亨 xian2 heng1) 670-674 Shangyuan (上元 shang4 yuan2) 674-676 Yifeng (儀鳳 yi2 feng4) 676-679 Tiaolu (調露 tiao2 lu4) 679-680 Yonglong (永隆 yong3 long2) 680-681 Kaiyao (開耀 kai1 yao4) 681-682 Yongchun (永淳 yong3 chun2) 682-683 Hongdao (弘道 hong2 dao4) 683 Shenlong (神龍 shen2 long2) 705 ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty

Qinglong (青龍 qing1 long2) 233-237 Jingchu (景初 jing3 chu1) 237-239 Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 249-254 Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 256-260 Xianxi (咸熙 xian2 xi1) 264-265 Yanxi (延熙 yan2 xi1) 238-257 Jingyao (景耀 jing3 yao4) 258-263 Yanxing (炎興 yan2 xing1) 263 Huanglong (黃龍 huang2 long2) 229-231 Jiahe (嘉禾 jia1 he2) 232-238 Chiwu (赤烏 chi4 wu1) 238-251 Taiyuan (太元 tai4 yuan2) 251-252 Shenfeng (神鳳 shen2 feng4) 252 Wufeng ( ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period

(景宗) (武烈帝) (李元昊) Kāiyùn (開運) 1034 Guǎngpíng (廣平) 1035-1036 Dàqìng (大慶) 1036-1038 Tiānshòulǐfǎyánzuò (天授禮法延祚) 1038-1048 (毅宗) (昭英帝) (李諒祚) Tiānyòuchuíshèng (天祐垂聖) 1050-1052 Fúshèngchéngdào (福聖承道) 1053-1056 Duǒdū (奲都) 1036-1038 Gǒnghuà (拱化) 1063-1067 (惠宗) (康靖帝) (李秉常) Tiāncìlǐshèngguóqìng (天賜禮盛國慶) 1070-1074 Dà'ān (大安) 1075-1085 Tiān'ānlǐdìng (天安禮定) 1085-1 ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia

Senate Resolution 155, March 20th 1998 Whereas April 6 has a special significance for all Americans, and especially those Americans of Scottish descent, because the Declaration of Arbroath, the Scottish Declaration of Independence, was signed on April 6, 1320 and the American Declaration of Independence was modelled on that inspirational document; Whereas this resolution honors the major role that Scottish Americans played in the founding of this Nation, such as the fact that almost half of the signers of the D ...

See also:

Tartan Day, Tartan Day - About Tartan Day, Tartan Day - The Tartan Day resolution of the United States Senate

Read more here: » Tartan Day: Encyclopedia II - Tartan Day - The Tartan Day resolution of the United States Senate

Huangshi (皇始 huang2 shi3) 396-398 Tianxing (天興 tian1 xing1) 398-404 Tianci (天賜 tian1 ci4) 404-409 Shenrui (神瑞 shen2 rui4) 414-416 Taichang (泰常 tai4 chang2) 416-423 Shenjia (神麚 shen2 jia1) 428-431 Yanhe (延和 yan2 he2) 432-434 Taiyan (太延 tai4 yan2) 435-440 Taipingzhenjun (太平真君 tai4 ping2 zhen1 jun1) 440-451 Zhengping (正平 zheng4 ping2) 451-452 Xingguang (興光 xing1 guang1) 454-455 Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 455-459 Hep ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties

Yongfeng (永鳳 yong3 feng4) 308-309 Herui (河瑞 he2 rui4) 309-310 Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 311-315 Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 315-316 Linjia (麟嘉 lin2 jia1) 316-318 Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 328-330 Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 330-333 Yanxi (延熙 yan2 xi1) 334 Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 349 Yanping (晏平 yan4 ping2) 305-311 Yuheng (玉衡 yu4 heng2) 311-334 Jianing (嘉寧 jia1 ning2) 346-347 Yuanxi (元璽 yuan2 xi3) 353-357 Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 357 Guangshou (光� ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period

1505 Ten České Budějovice Jews are tortured and executed for killing a Christian girl; later, on deathbed, shepherd confesses to fabricating the accusation. 1506 April 19. A marrano expresses his doubts about miracle visions at St. Dominics Church in Lisbon, Portugal. The crowd, led by Dominican monks, kills him, then ransacks Jewish houses and slaughters any Jew they could find. The countrymen hear about the massacre and join in. Over 2,000 marranos killed in three days. 1509 August 19. Converted Jew Johann Pfefferkorn in Frankfurt receives authority of Maximilian I, Holy Roma ...

See also:

History of anti-Semitism, History of anti-Semitism - Ancient animosity towards Jews, History of anti-Semitism - The 4th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 5th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 6th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 7th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 8th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 9th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 10th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 11th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 12th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 14th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 15th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 16th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 17th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 18th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 19th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 20th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 21st century, History of anti-Semitism - Books

Read more here: » History of anti-Semitism: Encyclopedia II - History of anti-Semitism - The 16th century

The experience of the Jews varied from country to country and from time to time. Extensive main articles exist about many areas of Jewish history: Jewish history - Africa. Main article: African Jew See also: Maghrebim Jewish history - Algeria. Main article: History of the Jews in Algeria Jewish history - Australia. Main article: History of the Jews in AustraliaSee also:

Jewish history, Jewish history - Ancient Jewish History through 50 CE, Jewish history - Ancient Israelites, Jewish history - Exilic and Post-Exilic Periods, Jewish history - The Hasmonean Kingdom, Jewish history - The diaspora, Jewish history - Jews in the Middle Ages 50 CE through 1700 CE, Jewish history - Europe, Jewish history - Spain North Africa and the Middle East, Jewish history - The European Enlightenment and Haskalah 1700-1800s, Jewish history - 1800s, Jewish history - 1900s, Jewish history - Jewish history by country or region, Jewish history - Africa, Jewish history - Algeria, Jewish history - Australia, Jewish history - Austria, Jewish history - Canada, Jewish history - Carpathia and Ruthenia, Jewish history - China, Jewish history - England, Jewish history - Egypt, Jewish history - Ethiopia, Jewish history - France, Jewish history - Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, Jewish history - Greece, Jewish history - Holland Dutch Provinces, Jewish history - Hungary, Jewish history - India, Jewish history - Iraq and Babylonia, Jewish history - Ireland, Jewish history - Israel, Jewish history - Italy the Papal States and the Italian Duchies, Jewish history - Latin America, Jewish history - Lithuania, Jewish history - Morocco, Jewish history - The Netherlands, Jewish history - Ottoman Empire, Jewish history - Persia and Iran, Jewish history - Poland, Jewish history - Portugal, Jewish history - Russia and the former Soviet Union, Jewish history - Spain, Jewish history - South Africa, Jewish history - Tunisia, Jewish history - Turkey, Jewish history - United States, Jewish history - Yemen, Jewish history - References and further reading

Read more here: » Jewish history: Encyclopedia II - Jewish history - Jewish history by country or region

Robert Bruce was born the first child and eldest son of Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale, (buried in March 1304 at Holmecultram, Cumberland, England) and of Marjorie of Carrick, 3rd Countess of Carrick, (d.1292), daughter of Niall of Carrick and Margaret, daughter of Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland. His mother was by all accounts a formidable woman who, legend would have it, kept Robert Bruce's father captive until he agreed to marriage. From his mother he inherited the Gaelic Earldom of Carrick, and through his father a ro ...

See also:

Robert I of Scotland, Robert I of Scotland - Background and early life, Robert I of Scotland - The beginning of the Wars of Independence, Robert I of Scotland - Excommunication and Coronation as King of Scots, Robert I of Scotland - From Scone to Bannockburn, Robert I of Scotland - Bruce and Ireland, Robert I of Scotland - Diplomacy, Robert I of Scotland - Family, Robert I of Scotland - Legends

Read more here: » Robert I of Scotland: Encyclopedia II - Robert I of Scotland - Background and early life

Robert Bruce had a large family in addition to his wife Elizabeth and his children. There were his brothers, Edward, Alexander, Thomas and Niall, his sisters Christian, Isabel (Queen of Norway), Margaret, Matilda and Mary, and his nephews Donald, Earl of Mar and Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray. Alexander, Thomas and Niall were all executed by the English following capture, and Edward was killed in battle in Ireland. In addition to his legitimate offspring, Robert Bruce had several illegitimate children by unknown mothers. His sons ...

See also:

Robert I of Scotland, Robert I of Scotland - Background and early life, Robert I of Scotland - The beginning of the Wars of Independence, Robert I of Scotland - Excommunication and Coronation as King of Scots, Robert I of Scotland - From Scone to Bannockburn, Robert I of Scotland - Bruce and Ireland, Robert I of Scotland - Diplomacy, Robert I of Scotland - Family, Robert I of Scotland - Legends

Read more here: » Robert I of Scotland: Encyclopedia II - Robert I of Scotland - Family

1114: Glasgow is a farming village, with a monastic church and water mill; the reach of Glasgow's bishops extends to Cumbria; the church is elevated to temporary cathedral status by young David of Strathclyde, later David I 1123: A cathedral is built over Saint Kentigern's grave, near the site of a Celtic monastery 1134: The churches of Saint John and the Holy Sepulchre are in the city; the church of Saint James is dedicated 1136: The cathedral is consecrated in the presence of David I c1150: The Glasgow Fair is an eight-day event c1174/c1178: William the Lion makes Glasgow an episc ...

See also:

Timeline of Glasgow history, Timeline of Glasgow history - 500-1099, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1100-1199, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1200-1299, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1300-1399, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1400-1499, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1500-1599, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1600-1699, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1700-1799, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1800-1899, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1900-1999, Timeline of Glasgow history - 2000-2005, Timeline of Glasgow history - Sources

Read more here: » Timeline of Glasgow history: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of Glasgow history - 1100-1199

1220s: Early trades in the town include fishermen, millers, bakers, cobblers, painters, and blacksmiths; wooden merchant's houses replace peasant huts 1233: Cathedral still under reconstruction 1240: Diocesan authorities deeply in debt to bankers from Florence; church over Saint Kentigern's grave being added 1246: Dominican order (Blackfriars) building their own church. 1258: Work on Kentigern's church complete 1274: Diocese includes Teviotdale in Dumfries 1286: Glasgow Bridge, made of timber, spans the Ri ...

See also:

Timeline of Glasgow history, Timeline of Glasgow history - 500-1099, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1100-1199, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1200-1299, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1300-1399, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1400-1499, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1500-1599, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1600-1699, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1700-1799, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1800-1899, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1900-1999, Timeline of Glasgow history - 2000-2005, Timeline of Glasgow history - Sources

Read more here: » Timeline of Glasgow history: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of Glasgow history - 1200-1299

Recovered Territories - Border question during WW2. In 1945 the population of the regions assigned to Poland after the Second World War consisted of ethnic-Germans and a small Polish minority. Initially Poland was promised East Prussia, Upper Silesia and the eastern part of Western Pomerania up to Kolberg. At the Potsdam conference, Poland's exact western borders were drawn on the Oder-Neisse line. The German inhabitants of these areas either fled westwards or were expelled, often violently, by Soviet forces and th ...

See also:

Recovered Territories, Recovered Territories - Brief history of Recovered Territories, Recovered Territories - Prehistory, Recovered Territories - Beginning of Polish state, Recovered Territories - Poland fragmented and re-united, Recovered Territories - Expansion of Prussia-Brandenburg, Recovered Territories - Poland restored and shifted, Recovered Territories - Potsdam conference aftermath, Recovered Territories - Border question during WW2, Recovered Territories - Arguments over rights to Recovered Territories, Recovered Territories - Theory of Polish historical rights

Read more here: » Recovered Territories: Encyclopedia II - Recovered Territories - Potsdam conference aftermath

Kulirmala : This hill which lies close to Perinthalmanna town in the highest point from where we can get a glimpse of the whole town and the neighboring places. It has a verdant landscape with water springs. The foots prints of 'Hanuman' present on this hill is very famous. We can hear the similar sounds of water flowing from the hole on top of the hill. Olingara : Situated near to PTM Govt. College it is one of the highest regions which blessed with water ...

See also:

Perinthalmanna, Perinthalmanna - Current statistics, Perinthalmanna - Origin of the name, Perinthalmanna - Historic Perinthalmanna, Perinthalmanna - British period, Perinthalmanna - Tourist spots, Perinthalmanna - Pilgrim centres

Read more here: » Perinthalmanna: Encyclopedia II - Perinthalmanna - Tourist spots

Until the mid 1980s it was believed that Johannes de Garlandia lived in the first half of the 13th century and wrote two treatises, De mensurabili musica and De plana musica, and thus was intimately connected with the composers of the Notre Dame school, at least one of whom — Pérotin — may still have been alive in the earlier part of his career. Unfortunately the linking of his name with those two works only began after 1270, and it now seems likely that Garlandia was one Jehan de Garlandia, a keeper of a bookshop in Paris ...

See also:

Johannes de Garlandia, Johannes de Garlandia - Life and problems of identification, Johannes de Garlandia - Works, Johannes de Garlandia - References and further reading

Read more here: » Johannes de Garlandia: Encyclopedia II - Johannes de Garlandia - Life and problems of identification

The political structure of Scotland has always been complex, almost never wholly united. However, during most of the existence of the Kingdom of the Scots, a single Monarch, or High King was recognized. Under the suzerainty of a High King, were chieftains and petty kings and offices filled through selection by an assembly under a system known as tanistry which combined a hereditary element with the consent of those ruled. Usually the candidate was nominated by the current office holder on the approach of death, and his heir-elect was known a ...

See also:

Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Scotland - Government, Kingdom of Scotland - History, Kingdom of Scotland - Union with England

Read more here: » Kingdom of Scotland: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Scotland - Government

Scotland's monarch, King James VI, succeeded to the throne of the Kingdom of England in 1603, becoming James I of England, after the death of Elizabeth I of England. This was merely a personal union: the two nations shared a head of state but remained sovereign, independent states. While there had been three earlier attempts (in 1606, 1667 and 1689) to unite the two countries by Acts of Parliament, these were the first Acts which had the will of both political establishments behind them, albeit for rather different reasons. In the Eng ...

See also:

Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Scotland - Government, Kingdom of Scotland - History, Kingdom of Scotland - Union with England

Read more here: » Kingdom of Scotland: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Scotland - Union with England

The largest towns are the capital Schwyz and Einsiedeln. The Canton of Schwyz is divided into six districts and 30 municipalities, although the districts Einsiedeln, Küssnacht and Gersau simply comprise the municipality of the same name. District Schwyz with municipalities Schwyz, Arth, Ingenbohl, Muotathal, Steinen, Sattel, Rothenthurm, Oberiberg, Unteriberg, Lauerz, Steinerberg, Morschach, Alpthal, Illgau, Riemenstalden District Einsiedeln with municipality Einsiedeln District Ger ...

See also:

Canton of Schwyz, Canton of Schwyz - Geography, Canton of Schwyz - History, Canton of Schwyz - Economy, Canton of Schwyz - Demographics, Canton of Schwyz - Districts and municipalities

Read more here: » Canton of Schwyz: Encyclopedia II - Canton of Schwyz - Districts and municipalities