1320

A ram in the sea is said to have been an emblem on the seal of Ramsay Abbey in Huntingdon in the 11th century. When David, Earl of Huntingdon, travelled north to claim his kingdom of Scotland in 1124, he was accompanied by many young Norman noblemen keen to share in their overlord’s heritage. These may have included Sir Symon de Ramesie who received a grant of land in Midlothian from David and who witnessed several important charters, includin ...

See also:

Clan Ramsay, Clan Ramsay - History, Clan Ramsay - Timeline

Read more here: » Clan Ramsay: Encyclopedia II - Clan Ramsay - History

Galway - City Council. Main article: Galway City Council Services such as rubbish collection, recycling, traffic control, parks and housing are controlled by a fifteen member city council elected to five year terms by proportional representation, the next such election is due in June 2009. The make-up of the current city council is: four Labour Party, three Fine Gael, three Progressive Democrats, two Fianna Fail, one Green Party, ...

See also:

Galway, Galway - History, Galway - Politics, Galway - City Council, Galway - Galway Chamber, Galway - Mayoralty, Galway - Deputies, Galway - Culture, Galway - Architecture, Galway - Events, Galway - Theatre, Galway - Education, Galway - Other, Galway - Infrastructure, Galway - Airport, Galway - Railway, Galway - Road, Galway - Galway Harbour, Galway - Sport, Galway - Footnotes

Read more here: » Galway: Encyclopedia II - Galway - Politics

Yuánguāng(元光) Yuánshuò (元朔) Yuánshòu (元狩) Yuándǐng (元鼎) Yuánfēng (元封) Tàichū (太初) Tiānhàn (天漢) Tàishǐ (太始) Zhēnghé (征和) 134 BC – 129 BC 128 BC – 123 BC 122 BC – 117 BC 116 BC – 111 BC 110 BC – 105 BC 104 BC – 101 BC 100 BC – 97 BC 96 BC – 93 BC 92 BC – 89 BC Yuánfèng (元鳳) 80 BC – 75 BC Dìjié (地節) Yuánkāng (元康) Shénjué (神 ...

See also:

Table of Chinese monarchs, Table of Chinese monarchs - Xia Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Zhou Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Three Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sixteen Kingdoms Period, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sovereignties established by Wu Hu, Table of Chinese monarchs - Northern and Southern Dynasties, Table of Chinese monarchs - Sui Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Tang Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Independent Regimes during Ten Kingdoms, Table of Chinese monarchs - Liao Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Song Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Western Xia, Table of Chinese monarchs - Jin Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Ming dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Shun Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Southern Ming Dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Qing dynasty, Table of Chinese monarchs - Taiping Rebellion, Table of Chinese monarchs - Yuan Shikai's Chinese Empire

Read more here: » Table of Chinese monarchs: Encyclopedia II - Table of Chinese monarchs - Han Dynasty

Bruchsal - The city. Ancient to 1000 AD Excavations and artifacts that were discovered evidence a settlement existing on the Michelsberg (Untergrombach) as early as 4000 BC during the Neolithic or "New" Stone Age. In the core of Bruchsal the oldest settlement discovered was dated back to 640 AD. It is located near the present Peterskirche. The first mention of Bruchsal in official documents occurred in 976 when the King came to town. And during October of the year 980, Otto II and his Court stayed at the King's palace in Bruchsal for sev ...

See also:

Bruchsal, Bruchsal - Geography, Bruchsal - Neighboring communities, Bruchsal - Boroughs, Bruchsal - History, Bruchsal - The city, Bruchsal - Religion, Bruchsal - District reform, Bruchsal - Demographics, Bruchsal - Government, Bruchsal - City council, Bruchsal - Mayor, Bruchsal - Coat of arms, Bruchsal - People culture & architecture, Bruchsal - Theater, Bruchsal - Museums, Bruchsal - Buildings, Bruchsal - Events, Bruchsal - Night life, Bruchsal - Parks, Bruchsal - Economy and infrastructure, Bruchsal - Transportation, Bruchsal - Media, Bruchsal - Public service, Bruchsal - Education, Bruchsal - Famous people, Bruchsal - Sons and daughters of Bruchsal, Bruchsal - Others, Bruchsal - Sister cities, Bruchsal - Reference

Read more here: » Bruchsal: Encyclopedia II - Bruchsal - History

Tartan Day was the idea of Mrs Jean Watson. Throughout the late 1980s she petitioned throughout Canada for its recognition. Her efforts bore fruit when the Province of Nova Scotia did so in 1987. Other provinces began to recognise the day throughout the 1990s and as of 2004 all Canadian provinces save Newfoundland officially recognise it. The idea also took root in the United States and since 1998, the date of April 6 has been officially recognised by the United States Senate as a celebration of the contribution made by generations of ...

See also:

Tartan Day, Tartan Day - About Tartan Day, Tartan Day - The Tartan Day resolution of the United States Senate

Read more here: » Tartan Day: Encyclopedia II - Tartan Day - About Tartan Day

3rd century BCE: Manetho, a Hellenistic Egyptian chronicler and priest, alleges that Moses was not a Jew, but an Egyptian renegade priest called Osarseph, and portrays the Exodus as the expulsion of a leper colony. 175 BCE-165 BCE: Antiochus Epiphanes sacks Jerusalem, calls Judaism "inimical to humanity", prohibits brit milah, confiscates copies of Torah and erects an altar to Zeus in the Second Temple after plundering it. (See also Maccabees, Hanukkah) 2nd century BCE: Mnaseas of Patros, a Greek author, reports that the Jews worship a donkey's head in the Holy of Holies. Thi ...

See also:

History of anti-Semitism, History of anti-Semitism - Ancient animosity towards Jews, History of anti-Semitism - The 4th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 5th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 6th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 7th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 8th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 9th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 10th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 11th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 12th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 13th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 14th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 15th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 16th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 17th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 18th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 19th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 20th century, History of anti-Semitism - The 21st century, History of anti-Semitism - Books

Read more here: » History of anti-Semitism: Encyclopedia II - History of anti-Semitism - Ancient animosity towards Jews

The Kingdom of Scotland was united in 843, by King Kenneth I of Scotland. Over the next 850 years it developed its own legal and educational systems, as it still does today, as well as a separate monetary and measures systems. At first the kingdom corresponded to north of the Rivers Forth and Clyde. Southwest Scotland remained under the control of the Strathclyde Britons. Southeast Scotland was under the control from around 638 of the proto-English kingdom of Bernicia, then of the Kingdom of Northumbria. This part of Scotland was contested f ...

See also:

Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of Scotland - Government, Kingdom of Scotland - History, Kingdom of Scotland - Union with England

Read more here: » Kingdom of Scotland: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Scotland - History

The Ran was born in Barcelona, Spain. He was a Physician and had knowledge of astronomy. The RaN's teacher is not known; his works refer to a R. Perez as "morenu" ("our teacher"), but it is thought that his father, Reuben b. Nissim, was his primary teacher. RaN was considered the greatest Halachic authority of his generation, and queries were sent to him from throughout the Jewish diaspora. In his analyses, Nissim frequently refutes other rishonim; in his legal rulings however, he generally adopts their opinions in practise. He ...

See also:

Nissim of Gerona, Nissim of Gerona - Biography, Nissim of Gerona - Works

Read more here: » Nissim of Gerona: Encyclopedia II - Nissim of Gerona - Biography

According to legend, Bialystok was given its name by the Lithuanian prince Gediminas in about 1320. The first mention of the place in historical sources dates from 1437 when the land around the Bialka river was given by King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk of Poland to Raczko Tabutowicz, then in 1547 it passed to the Wiesiołowski family. They built a brick castle and a church here. In 1645 after the death of Krzysztof Wiesiołowski, the last of the clan, Białystok became the property of the Commonwealth. In 1661 it was given to Stefan Czarniecki ...

See also:

Białystok, Białystok - History, Białystok - Education, Białystok - Famous people, Białystok - Birthplace for, Białystok - Politics, Białystok - Bialystok constituency, Białystok - Municipal politics, Białystok - Administrative division, Białystok - Monuments, Białystok - Historical population, Białystok - Sports

Read more here: » Białystok: Encyclopedia II - Białystok - History

A new crenellated Great Gate was built in 1309 completing the Inner Court. On the north side the monks were able to take in much more land, which provided space for a new outer court with cellarer's range, brewhouse, bakehouse, and in 1320 a new walled vineyard. There was also expansion on the east side of the abbey where a series of lodgings were built along with a walled cellarer's garden. An earthquake in 1382 meant more building work, and in 1390 the gatehouse that still survives was built. The las ...

See also:

St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury, St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury - Early history, St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury - 12th century, St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury - 13th century, St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury - 14th century, St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury - Dissolution, St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury - Modern history

Read more here: » St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury: Encyclopedia II - St. Augustine's Abbey Canterbury - 14th century

Nicolas Eymeric - Education and early tenure as Inquisitor General. Nicolas Eymeric was born in Gerona c. 1320. He entered the local monastery of the Dominican Order on 4 August, 1334. Here, during his novitiate he was instructed in theology by the friar Dalamau Moner. In order to complete his studies, he went to Toulouse, and then to Paris, where he obtained his doctorate in 1352. He then returned to the monastery in Gerona where he re ...

See also:

Nicolas Eymeric, Nicolas Eymeric - Life, Nicolas Eymeric - Education and early tenure as Inquisitor General, Nicolas Eymeric - First exile and return, Nicolas Eymeric - Second exile and return, Nicolas Eymeric - Writings, Nicolas Eymeric - The Directorium Inquisitorum, Nicolas Eymeric - Other works, Nicolas Eymeric - Literary character

Read more here: » Nicolas Eymeric: Encyclopedia II - Nicolas Eymeric - Life

Galway - City Council. Services such as rubbish collection, recycling, traffic control, parks and housing are controlled by a fifteen member city council elected to five year terms by proportional representation, the next such election is due in June 2009. The make-up of the current city council is: four Labour Party, three Fine Gael, three Progressive Democrats, two Fianna Fail, one Green Party, ...

See also:

Galway, Galway - History, Galway - Politics, Galway - City Council, Galway - Galway Chamber, Galway - Mayoralty, Galway - Deputies, Galway - Culture, Galway - Architecture, Galway - Events, Galway - Theatre, Galway - Education, Galway - Other, Galway - Infrastructure, Galway - Airport, Galway - Railway, Galway - Road, Galway - Galway Harbour, Galway - Sport, Galway - Footnotes

Read more here: » Galway: Encyclopedia II - Galway - Politics

Vitsebsk developed from a river harbour where the Vitba (Віцьба, from which it derives its name) flows into the larger Daugava (in Belarusian, Dzvina). Its mention in historical records dates from 1021, but its official founding year is 974, when Princess Olga of Kiev ordered a city to be founded on the site of an old Krivichi settlement. In the 12th and 13th centuries it was a well-established city on the crossroads of the river routes between the Baltic, Black and Mediterranean seas. In this period, it was govern ...

See also:

Vitsebsk, Vitsebsk - History, Vitsebsk - Famous inhabitants

Read more here: » Vitsebsk: Encyclopedia II - Vitsebsk - History

Historically, Brandenburg was one of seven Electorships of the Holy Roman Empire, and, along with Prussia, formed the original core of the modern federal state of Germany. It contained the future German capital Berlin and since 1618 both Brandenburg and Prussia, then Brandenburg-Prussia, were ruled by Hohenzollern dukes and later kings of Prussia. The Frankish Nuremberg, Ansbach and southern German Hohenzollern and the eastern European connections of Berlin and the prince-elector together were ...

See also:

Brandenburg, Brandenburg - Geography, Brandenburg - Administration, Brandenburg - History, Brandenburg - 12th Century, Brandenburg - 13th Century, Brandenburg - 16th Century, Brandenburg - Reunification, Brandenburg - List of minister presidents of Brandenburg, Brandenburg - Miscellaneous, Brandenburg - External link

Read more here: » Brandenburg: Encyclopedia II - Brandenburg - History

(Italicized names are of titular princes.) Tancred, Prince of Galilee (1099–1101) Hugh of St. Omer (1105–?) Gervaise de Bazoches Joscelin I of Courtenay Tancred, Prince of Galilee (1109–1112) Renier Brus Elinard de Bures Simon Guarmond Walter I Brisebarre Hugh of Tiberias Raymond III of Tripoli (1152–1187) and his wife Eschiva de Bures William Fulk Eudes of Montbeliard See also:

Principality of Galilee, Principality of Galilee - Princes of Galilee, Principality of Galilee - Lordship of Beirut, Principality of Galilee - Lordship of Nazareth, Principality of Galilee - Lordship of Haifa, Principality of Galilee - Sources

Read more here: » Principality of Galilee: Encyclopedia II - Principality of Galilee - Princes of Galilee

543: The 12th century Bishop Jocelyn will later claim Glasgow's monastic church was founded by Saint Kentigern, also known as Saint Mungo, in this year 560: Jocelyn claims Mungo/Kentigern made his first bishop in this year ...

See also:

Timeline of Glasgow history, Timeline of Glasgow history - 500-1099, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1100-1199, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1200-1299, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1300-1399, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1400-1499, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1500-1599, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1600-1699, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1700-1799, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1800-1899, Timeline of Glasgow history - 1900-1999, Timeline of Glasgow history - 2000-2005, Timeline of Glasgow history - Sources

Read more here: » Timeline of Glasgow history: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of Glasgow history - 500-1099

Declaration of Independence United States - Background. Throughout the 1760s and 1770s, relations between Great Britain and thirteen of her North American colonies had become increasingly strained. Fighting broke out in 1775 at Lexington and Concord marking the beginning of the American Revolutionary War. Although there was little initial sentiment for outright independence, the pamphlet Common Sense by Thomas Paine was able to promote the belief ...

See also:

Declaration of Independence United States, Declaration of Independence United States - History, Declaration of Independence United States - Background, Declaration of Independence United States - Draft and Adoption, Declaration of Independence United States - Distribution, Declaration of Independence United States - Signatories, Declaration of Independence United States - Annotated text of the Declaration, Declaration of Independence United States - Introduction, Declaration of Independence United States - Preamble, Declaration of Independence United States - Indictment, Declaration of Independence United States - Denunciation, Declaration of Independence United States - Conclusion, Declaration of Independence United States - Differences between draft and final versions, Declaration of Independence United States - Analysis, Declaration of Independence United States - Historical Influences, Declaration of Independence United States - Philosophical background, Declaration of Independence United States - Practical effects, Declaration of Independence United States - Influence on other documents, Declaration of Independence United States - Popular culture, Declaration of Independence United States - Myths

Read more here: » Declaration of Independence United States: Encyclopedia II - Declaration of Independence United States - History

Declaration of Independence United States - Background. Throughout the 1760s and 1770s, relations between Great Britain and thirteen of her North American colonies had become increasingly strained. Fighting broke out in 1775 at Lexington and Concord marking the beginning of the American Revolutionary War. Although there was little initial sentiment for outright independence, the pamphlet Common Sense by Thomas Paine was able to promote the belief ...

See also:

Declaration of Independence United States, Declaration of Independence United States - History, Declaration of Independence United States - Background, Declaration of Independence United States - Draft and Adoption, Declaration of Independence United States - Distribution, Declaration of Independence United States - Signatures, Declaration of Independence United States - Annotated text of the Declaration, Declaration of Independence United States - Introduction, Declaration of Independence United States - Preamble, Declaration of Independence United States - Indictment, Declaration of Independence United States - Denunciation, Declaration of Independence United States - Conclusion, Declaration of Independence United States - Differences between draft and final versions, Declaration of Independence United States - Analysis, Declaration of Independence United States - Historical Influences, Declaration of Independence United States - Philosophical background, Declaration of Independence United States - Practical effects, Declaration of Independence United States - Influence on other documents, Declaration of Independence United States - Popular culture, Declaration of Independence United States - Myths

Read more here: » Declaration of Independence United States: Encyclopedia II - Declaration of Independence United States - History

Wycliffe wanted to see his ideas actualized – his fundamental belief was that the Church should be poor, as in the days of the apostles. He had not yet broken with the mendicant friars, and from these John of Gaunt chose Wycliffe's defenders. While the Reformer later claimed that it was not his purpose to incite temporal lords to confiscation of the property of the Church, the real tendencies of the propositions remained unconcealed. The result of the same doctrines in Bohemia – that land which was richest in ecclesiastical foundations � ...

See also:

John Wycliffe, John Wycliffe - Early life, John Wycliffe - Early career, John Wycliffe - Bases of his reformatory activities, John Wycliffe - Political career, John Wycliffe - Public declaration of his ideas, John Wycliffe - Conflict with the church, John Wycliffe - Statement regarding royal power, John Wycliffe - Wycliffe and the papacy, John Wycliffe - Attack on monasticism, John Wycliffe - Relation to the English Bible, John Wycliffe - Activity as a preacher, John Wycliffe - Anti-Wycliffe synod, John Wycliffe - Last days, John Wycliffe - Wycliffe's doctrines, John Wycliffe - Basal positions in philosophy, John Wycliffe - Attitude toward speculation

Read more here: » John Wycliffe: Encyclopedia II - John Wycliffe - Conflict with the church

The 12th and 13th centuries were times of adversity for Poland. In 1138 the kingdom, which had been growing in strength under the rule of the Piast dynasty, encountered an obstacle which impeded its development for nearly two hundred years. In the will of King Bolesław Krzywousty, Poland was divided into five provinces - Silesia, Mazovia with Cuiavia, Greater Poland, the part of Pomerania around the City of Gdańsk, the Sandomierz Region, and Lesser Poland, the 'senior palatinate', comprising the areas around Krakow, Łęczyca, and Sieradz. ...

See also:

Władysław I the Elbow-high, Władysław I the Elbow-high - Royal titles, Władysław I the Elbow-high - Biography

Read more here: » Władysław I the Elbow-high: Encyclopedia II - Władysław I the Elbow-high - Biography

1260 - Europe. September 4 - The Senese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeats the Florentine Guelphs at Montaperti. King Otakar II of Bohemia captures Styria from King Bela IV of Hungary in the Battle of Kressenbrunn. The Baltic Samogitians and Curonians defeat the Teutonic knights in the Battle of Durbe. The Duchy of Saxony is divided into Saxony-Lauenberg and Saxony-Wittenberg, marking the end of the first Saxon state. War breaks out in the Valais (today in Switzerland) as the Bishopry of Sion defends against an invasion ...

See also:

1260, 1260 - Events, 1260 - Europe, 1260 - Asia, 1260 - Africa, 1260 - Births, 1260 - Deaths, 1260 - In fiction

Read more here: » 1260: Encyclopedia II - 1260 - Events

1282 - War and politics. March 30 - The Sicilian rebellion known as the Sicilian Vespers begins against the rule of Angevin King Charles I of Sicily; over the next six weeks, thousands of French are killed. The rebellion forces Charles to abandon the Ninth Crusade while still en route to the target city of Constantinople, and allows King Peter III of Aragon to take over rule of the island from Charles (which in turn leads to Peter's excommunication by Pope Martin IV). March - Dafydd ap Gruffydd, br ...

See also:

1282, 1282 - Events, 1282 - War and politics, 1282 - Culture and natural disasters, 1282 - Births, 1282 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1282: Encyclopedia II - 1282 - Events