Ferdinand - Iberian peninsula. Ferdinand I of Aragon - the Just; 1379-1416; became king 1412. Ferdinand II of Aragon - a.k.a. Ferdinand V of Spain, the Catholic; 1453-1516 Ferdinand I of Portugal - the Handsome; 1345-1383; became king 1367. Ferdinand II of Portugal - 1816-1885; became titular king 1837. Ferdinand I of Castile and Leon - the Great; ca.1000-1065, became king 1037. Ferdinand II of Leon - d. 1188; became king 1157. Ferdinand III of Castile a ...

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Ferdinand, Ferdinand - Royalty and Nobility, Ferdinand - Iberian peninsula, Ferdinand - Austrian and German states, Ferdinand - Italian states, Ferdinand - Balkan Peninsula, Ferdinand - Commoners, Ferdinand - Other meanings

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List of Castilian monarchs - Elective Counts. These counts were not hereditary, they were the representatives of the Asturian king in the eastern march of his realm. Rodrigo (850-873) Diego Rodríguez Porcelos (873-885) Several counties until 932 Nuño Núñez I de Castrogeriz (889-909) Nuño Núñez II de Amaya (909-915) Ferdinand Díaz (909-923) Gonzalo Fernández de Lara (912-920), father of Fernán González (see below) Nuño ...

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List of Castilian monarchs, List of Castilian monarchs - Counts of Castile, List of Castilian monarchs - Elective Counts, List of Castilian monarchs - House of Lara, List of Castilian monarchs - Kings of Castile, List of Castilian monarchs - Jiménez Dynasty, List of Castilian monarchs - House of Burgundy, List of Castilian monarchs - House of Trastámara

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Over the course of the preceding centuries, Capetians would spread throughout Europe, ruling every form of provincial unit from kingdoms to manors. Besides being the most numerous royal family in Europe, it also is one of the most incestual, especially in the Spanish Monarchy. Salic Law, reestablished during the Hundred Years' War from an ancient French tradition, caused the French monarchy to permit only direct male descendents of Hugh to succeed to the throne of France. This did not effect monarchies not under that law such as Portugal, Sp ...

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House of Capet, House of Capet - The early dynasty, House of Capet - Origin of the name, House of Capet - Capets through history, House of Capet - Capetians and their domains, House of Capet - The Capet dynasty today, House of Capet - Current countries under Capetian leadership:, House of Capet - Current Capetian Pretenders

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The Canary Islands have been known since antiquity. The peak of Teide on Tenerife can be seen on clear days from the African coast. It is possible that the islands were among those discovered by the Carthaginian captain Hanno the Navigator in his voyage of exploration along the African coast. It is barely possible that the islands were visited by the Phoenicians seeking the precious red dye extracted from the orchilla, if the Canaries are considered to be The Purple Isles, or alternatively identified with the Hesperides. Recent discov ...

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Canary Islands, Canary Islands - History, Canary Islands - Physical geography, Canary Islands - Political geography, Canary Islands - Economy, Canary Islands - Sources and References

Read more here: » Canary Islands: Encyclopedia II - Canary Islands - History

Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county was created after World War II from the pre-1938 counties Borsod-Gömör-Kishont, Abaúj-Torna and Zemplén. (see also: 1950 Administrative Reform in Hungary Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - From the Conquest until the Turkish occupation 900s–1526. Before the Conquest of Hungary (late 9th century) the area was inhabited by Slavic tribes. The historical comitatus (Hungarian: vármegye – "castle county", since each of them belonged to a castle) came into existence during the ...

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Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Origins and meanings of name, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Tourist sights, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Castles, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Nature, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Geography, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Rivers, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Highest points, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Economy, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - History, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - From the Conquest until the Turkish occupation 900s–1526, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - From the Turkish occupation until the First World War 1526–1914, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - From 1914 to today, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Regional structure, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - City with county rights, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Cities/towns, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén - Villages

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The popularity of the book, and its numerous claims contrary to mainstream beliefs, have created controversy in Christian communities, resulting in the publication of numerous criticisms, mainly arguments against the theological and historical claims in the book. Among others, these include Martin Lunn's Da Vinci Code Decoded and The Da Vinci Hoax by Carl Olson and Sandra Miesel. Much of the controversy caused by the book stems from its apparent readiness to assert opinions as facts on debates that have not been r ...

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Criticisms of The Da Vinci Code, Criticisms of The Da Vinci Code - Disputed claims, Criticisms of The Da Vinci Code - Allegations of plagiarism, Criticisms of The Da Vinci Code - Lewis Perdue, Criticisms of The Da Vinci Code - Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh

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After the fall of Acre, the Franks who were able retreated to Cyprus, this including Jacques de Molay and Thibaud Gaudin, the 22nd Grand Master of the Temple. During a meeting assembled on the island in the autumn of 1291, J. de Molay spoke and pointed to himself as an alternative and reformer of the order. Before 16 April 1292 Gaudin died, leaving the mastership open for Jacques de Molay, as there were no other serious contenders for the role at the time. The election took place before 20 April, as a document in the archives of the Crown of Aragon attests and recognizes Jacques de Molay a ...

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Jacques de Molay, Jacques de Molay - Youth, Jacques de Molay - Grand master, Jacques de Molay - Downfall, Jacques de Molay - Myths, Jacques de Molay - Curse, Jacques de Molay - Presence in England, Jacques de Molay - Legacy, Jacques de Molay - Quotes, Jacques de Molay - Notes, Jacques de Molay - References and further reading

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Recent historical research has shown that the Mongols, who destroyed Nanzhao in 1253 and made the area a province of their empire -- naming it Yunnan --exercised a decisive political influence in the middle Mekong Valley for the better part of a century. In 1271 Panya Lang, founder of a new dynasty headed by rulers bearing the title panya (lord), began his rule over a fully sovereign Muang Sua. In 1286 Panya Lang's son, Panya Khamphong, was involved in a coup d'etat that was probably instigated by the Mongols and that exiled his father. Upon his f ...

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Early history of Laos, Early history of Laos - Mongol Influence, Early history of Laos - Reference

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Before the Dukes of Norfolk, there were the Bigod Earls of Norfolk, starting with Roger Bigod from Normandy (died 1107). Their male line ended with Roger Bigod, 5th Earl of Norfolk, who died without an heir in 1307, so their titles and estates reverted to the crown. Edward II then created his brother Thomas of Brotherton earl in 1312. It passed to his daughter Margaret, and then to her grandson Thomas Mowbray. When King Richard II created Thomas Mowbray duke in 1397, he conferred upon him the estates and titles (including Earl Marshal ...

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Duke of Norfolk, Duke of Norfolk - History, Duke of Norfolk - Duties & Other Titles, Duke of Norfolk - Coat of Arms, Duke of Norfolk - Residences, Duke of Norfolk - The Dukes of Norfolk, Duke of Norfolk - Dukes of Norfolk first Creation 1397, Duke of Norfolk - Dukes of Norfolk second Creation 1481, Duke of Norfolk - Dukes of Norfolk third Creation 1483, Duke of Norfolk - Future Dukes of Norfolk, Duke of Norfolk - Knights of the Garter

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Duchy of Lorraine - House of Ardennes-Bar. Frederick I (959-978) Thierry I (978-1026/1027) Frederick II (1026/1027) Frederick III (1026/1027-1033) Duchy of Lorraine - House of Ardennes-Verdun. Gothelo (r. 1033 - 1044), Duke of Upper and Lower Lotharingia. Godfrey, the Bearded (r. 1044 - 1046) Duchy of Lorraine - House of Ardennes-Metz. Adalbert (r. 1047 – 1048) ...

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Duchy of Lorraine, Duchy of Lorraine - Dukes of Lorraine Upper Lotharingia, Duchy of Lorraine - House of Ardennes-Bar, Duchy of Lorraine - House of Ardennes-Verdun, Duchy of Lorraine - House of Ardennes-Metz, Duchy of Lorraine - House of Anjou, Duchy of Lorraine - House of Vaudemont, Duchy of Lorraine - House of Leszczyński

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A dome can be considered as an arch which has been rotated around its vertical axis. As such, domes have a great deal of structural strength. A small dome can be constructed of ordinary masonry, held together by friction and compressive forces. Larger domes built after Brunelleschi's dome that triumphantly spanned the crossing of Santa Maria del Fiore, the duomo of Florence, have all been built as do ...

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Dome, Dome - Characteristics, Dome - Saucer dome, Dome - Onion dome, Dome - Famous domes, Dome - Xanadu House

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The diocese of Beauvais was traditionally founded by St. Lucianus in the 3rd century. After 1013 the Bishops were simultaneously Counts of Beauvais, and one of the Peers of France. The Bishop had a role in the coronation ceremony of the French king, and played a role in politics; Roger II died during the First Crusade, Peter of Dreux was a participant in the Third Crusade and the Battle of Bouvines, ...

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Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis, Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis - History, Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis - Bishops of Beauvais, Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis - Bishops of Amiens, Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis - Bishops of Beauvais restored, Bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis - Bishops of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis

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The Mongols under Kublai who fully conquered China had theoretical suzerainty over the entire Mongol Empire, but this became nominal even during Kubilai's reign itself. Sechen Khan (Khubilai) (1280-1294) Öljeyitü Khan (Temür) (1295-1307) Külüg Khan (Khayishan) (1307-1311) Buyantu Khan (Ayurbarwada) (1311-1320) Gegeen Khan (Sidibala) (1320-1323) Yesün Temür Khan (1323-1328) Ragibagh Khan (1328) Khutughtu Khan (Khoshila) (1328-1329) Jayaatu Khan (Tugh Temür) (1328-1329) and (1329-1332) Rinchinbal Khan (1332-1333)See also:

List of Mongol Khans, List of Mongol Khans - Grand Khan of the Mongol Empire, List of Mongol Khans - Yuan Dynasty, List of Mongol Khans - Il Khanate, List of Mongol Khans - Golden Horde, List of Mongol Khans - Chagatai Khanate, List of Mongol Khans - Successors to the Yüan in Mongolia Northern Yuan, List of Mongol Khans - Outer Mongolia

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Edward III of England - The sons and the Wars of the Roses. The Wars of the Roses were a civil war over the throne of England fought among the descendants of King Edward III through his five surviving adult sons. Each branch of the family had competing claims through seniority, legitimacy, and/or the gender of their ancestors. (1) Edward, the Black Prince ...

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Edward III of England, Edward III of England - Early life, Edward III of England - Early reign, Edward III of England - The Hundred Years' War, Edward III of England - Domestic events and personal life, Edward III of England - Issue, Edward III of England - The sons and the Wars of the Roses, Edward III of England - The daughters, Edward III of England - External link

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Dante Alighieri - Early history and family. Dante was born in 1265 and he tells us he was born under the sign of Gemini, placing his birthday in June. Dante was born 'Durante' and the name Dante is a shortened version of his name. He was born into the prominent Alighieri family of Florence, with loyalties to the Guelfs, a political alliance that supported the Papacy, involved in complex opposition to the Ghibellines, who were backed by the Holy Roman Emperor. These factions fashioned their names after the ones of ...

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Dante Alighieri, Dante Alighieri - Life, Dante Alighieri - Early history and family, Dante Alighieri - Education and poetry, Dante Alighieri - Florence and politics, Dante Alighieri - Exile and death, Dante Alighieri - Works

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Abulfeda was born at Damascus, where his father Malik ul-Afdal, brother of the prince of Hamah, had fled from the Mongols. He was a descendant of Ayyub, the father of Saladin. In his boyhood he devoted himself to the study of the Qur'an and the sciences, but from his twelfth year was almost constantly engaged in military expeditions, chiefly against the crusaders. In 1285 he was present at the assault of a stronghold of the Knights of St. John, and took part in the sieges of Tripoli, Acre and Qal'at ar-Rum. In 1298 he en ...

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Abu al-Fida, Abu al-Fida - Life, Abu al-Fida - Works

Read more here: » Abu al-Fida: Encyclopedia II - Abu al-Fida - Life

The Canary Islands have been known since antiquity. The peak of Teide on Tenerife can be seen on clear days from the African coast. It is possible that the islands were among those discovered by the Carthaginian captain Hanno the Navigator in his voyage of exploration along the African coast. It is barely possible that the islands were visited by the Phoenicians seeking the precious red dye extracted from the orchilla, if the Canaries are considered to be The Purple Isles, or alternatively identified with the Hesperides. Legendary islands in the Western Ocean that recur in European traditions are often linked with the Canaries, e ...

See also:

Canary Islands, Canary Islands - History, Canary Islands - Physical geography, Canary Islands - Political geography, Canary Islands - Economy

Read more here: » Canary Islands: Encyclopedia II - Canary Islands - History

William the Lion granted the town the status of burgh by royal charter in 1191. His brother, David, 8th Earl of Huntingdon is said to have named the town Donum Dei ('God's gift') upon narrowly escaping death during his return from the Crusades. However, this is probably folk etymology, as the name appears to come from Dun Dèagh meaning Fort on the Tay ("Dun" is a common prefix in Scottish placenames, cf Dunfermline and Dunkeld) Dundee - ...

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Dundee, Dundee - Location, Dundee - History, Dundee - Defence & destruction, Dundee - Reconstruction, Dundee - Maritime heritage, Dundee - The Tay Bridge Disaster, Dundee - Winston Churchill, Dundee - Modern Dundee, Dundee - Employment, Dundee - Universities and Colleges, Dundee - Immigration & multiculturalism, Dundee - Theatre & The Arts, Dundee - Football, Dundee - Ice Hockey, Dundee - Rugby, Dundee - Pop music, Dundee - Twinning, Dundee - City of Discovery, Dundee - Electric street-lighting, Dundee - The postage stamp, Dundee - The ATM, Dundee - Computing, Dundee - Aspirin, Dundee - Education, Dundee - High School of Dundee, Dundee - Reference, Dundee - Other Dundees in the World

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Charles restored order by absolute rule. The Diet was still summoned occasionally at very irregular intervals, but the real business of the state was transacted in the royal council, where able men of the middle class, 70 percent of them Italians, held trusted positions. To impose limitations on the barons, the lesser gentry were protected against the tyranny of the magnates, encouraged to appear at court and taxed for military service by the royal treasury so as to draw them closer to the crown. The court was fam ...

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Charles I of Hungary, Charles I of Hungary - Life, Charles I of Hungary - Reign, Charles I of Hungary - Deterioration of the southern frontier, Charles I of Hungary - Other names, Charles I of Hungary - External link

Read more here: » Charles I of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - Charles I of Hungary - Reign

A dome can be considered as an arch which has been rotated around its vertical axis. As such, domes have a great deal of structural strength. A small dome can be constructed of ordinary masonry, held together by friction and compressive forces. Larger domes built after Brunelleschi dome in Florence have all been double domes, with inner and outer shells. The concave triangular sections of vaulting that provide the transition between a dome and the square base on which it is set and transfer the weight of the dome are called pendent ...

See also:

Dome, Dome - Characteristics, Dome - Saucer dome, Dome - Onion dome, Dome - Famous domes, Dome - Xanadu House

Read more here: » Dome: Encyclopedia II - Dome - Characteristics

December 6 - Undated deaths. Saint Nicholas of Myra ...

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December 6, December 6 - Events, December 6 - Births, December 6 - Deaths, December 6 - Undated deaths, December 6 - Holidays and observances

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The most famous fictional account of Edward II's reign, of course, is that of Christopher Marlowe in his play Edward II. In recent years, several acclaimed productions have been staged in the United Kingdom, although the play is seldom performed in the United States outside of large cities and university towns. Derek Jarman's cinematic version of the play has much more to do with twentieth-century sexual politics than it does with Marlowe's drama. Margaret Campbell Barnes' Isabel the Fair, Hilda Lewis' Harlot QueenSee also:

Edward II of England, Edward II of England - Prince of Wales, Edward II of England - King of England, Edward II of England - Piers Gaveston Earl of Cornwall, Edward II of England - Conflict with Scotland, Edward II of England - Political factions, Edward II of England - Rule of the Despensers, Edward II of England - Deposition by Isabella of France, Edward II of England - Life in captivity and death, Edward II of England - The Fieschi Letter, Edward II of England - Fictional accounts of Edward II, Edward II of England - Sources

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